实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 2345-2354.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.13.010
• 慢性病防治专栏 • 上一篇
尹雅婷1,2,3,刘小曼1,3,杨梅1,肖梦琪1,侯晓强3,冯知涛1,2(
)
收稿日期:2026-03-21
出版日期:2026-07-10
发布日期:2026-07-14
通讯作者:
冯知涛
E-mail:fengzhitao2008@126.com
基金资助:
Yating YIN1,2,3,Xiaoman LIU1,3,Mei YANG1,Mengqi XIAO1,Xiaoqiang HOU3,Zhitao FENG1,2(
)
Received:2026-03-21
Online:2026-07-10
Published:2026-07-14
Contact:
Zhitao FENG
E-mail:fengzhitao2008@126.com
摘要:
类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)作为一种多因素慢性自身免疫性疾病,其典型表现为滑膜炎症、血管翳形成、软骨破坏和骨侵蚀。尽管RA的标准化死亡率呈下降趋势,但全球RA患病率的持续上升,患病年龄的年轻化倾向,正显著加剧RA的整体负担。在祖国医学中,RA常以“痹证”论治,瘀既是RA的病理产物又作为RA的主要病机贯穿疾病的始终,是导致其迁延不愈的重要原因,故活血化瘀治法在RA治疗中具有重要地位。铁死亡是一种铁依赖性程序性细胞死亡,其主要特征是铁离子和脂质过氧化物的累积以及氧化还原系统的失衡。现代医学研究表明铁死亡通过促进炎症反应和骨破坏等机制在RA疾病进展中起重要作用,靶向铁死亡的抑制剂已被证实在RA治疗中具有潜在的治疗价值。瘀与铁死亡作为调控RA进展的重要机制,二者之间又存在着密切联系:铁离子的异常蓄积不仅与血瘀在表现症状上相吻合,还可能是血瘀形成的重要条件,而脂质过氧化又会进一步促进血瘀病理状态的形成,此外现代药理学发现活血化瘀中药有效成分可通过提高机体抗氧化能力抑制RA铁死亡的发生。因此,基于“瘀”的理论阐述RA铁死亡机制,可为活血化瘀治则治法调控铁死亡进而缓解RA进展提供新的科学依据。
中图分类号:
尹雅婷,刘小曼,杨梅,肖梦琪,侯晓强,冯知涛. 从“瘀”论治类风湿关节炎铁死亡机制[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2026, 42(13): 2345-2354.
Yating YIN,Xiaoman LIU,Mei YANG,Mengqi XIAO,Xiaoqiang HOU,Zhitao FENG. Exploring the mechanism of ferroptosis in rheumatoid arthritis from the perspective of blood stasis[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2026, 42(13): 2345-2354.
图 1
RA中的铁死亡机制和铁死亡参与瘀的形成过程注:铁死亡通路主要分为铁死亡促进通路(橙色)和铁死亡抑制通路(蓝色)。SLC3A2:溶质载体家族3成员2;SLC7A11:溶质载体家族7成员11;TFR1:转铁蛋白受体;MAPK:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶;NADPH:还原型辅酶Ⅱ;ROS:活性氧;GSH:谷胱甘肽;GPX4:谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 4;System xc-:谷氨酸反向转运蛋白;Nrf2:核因子-红细胞 2 相关因子 2;Lipid peroxides:脂质过氧化;HO-1:血红素加氧酶1;SOD:超氧化物歧化酶;PUFA:多不饱和脂肪酸;PL-PUFA-OOH:脂质氢过氧化物;ACSL4:酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4:Nf-κB:核因子κB;VEGF:血管内皮生长因子;RANKL:破骨细胞分化因子;MDA:丙二醛;OB:成骨细胞;OC:破骨细胞;VEC:血管内皮细胞;Histone:组蛋白;TLR2/TLR4:Toll样受体"
表 1
活血化瘀中药有效成分通过干预铁死亡提高抗氧化能力的分子机制"
| 作用机制 | 中药成分 | 药物来源 | 模型 | 作用机制 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 调控Nrf2/GPX4通路 | 槲皮素[64-65] | 葫芦巴、黄芪 | CFA大鼠、前交叉韧带横断(ACLT)小鼠 | TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、MDA↓、SOX9、SOD、GPX4、Nrf2、HO-1↑ |
| 大黄素[ | 大黄 | CIA小鼠模型 | IL-1β↓、Nrf2、SOD、AMPK↑ | |
| 白藜芦醇[ | 虎杖 | H2O2诱导RA-FLSs | ROS、MDA、NF-κB、FLSs增殖↓、Nrf2、HO-1↑ | |
| 丹酚酸B[ | 丹参 | UUO大鼠模型 | Fe2+、MDA、↓、SOD、Nrf2、GPX4↑ | |
| 黄芪甲苷[ | 黄芪 | 内皮细胞氧化损伤模型 | ROS↓、SOD、Nrf2、HO-1mRNA↑ | |
| 原阿片碱[ | 延胡索 | ACLT小鼠 | ROS↓、Nrf2、GPX4、NQO1、HO-1↑ | |
| 抑制铁蓄积与脂质过氧化 | 姜黄素[ | 姜黄 | ATDC5小鼠软骨细胞 | Fe2+、ROS、MMP-13、ACSL4↓、Prdx6、ColⅡ↑ |
| 丹参酮ⅡA[ | 丹参 | ATDC5小鼠软骨细胞 | ROS、MDA、MMP-13、铁浓度↓、ColⅡ、GSH、GPX4↑ | |
| 白花丹素[ | 白花丹 | H2O2诱导的软骨细胞 | ROS、Fe2+、COX-2、ACSL4、MDA↓、GPX4、SLC7A11↑ | |
| 三七皂苷R1[ | 三七 | H2O2诱导小鼠成骨细胞 | ROS、MAPK↓、ALP、OCN、ColⅠ、Runx2↑ | |
抗炎与保护软骨等多靶点 协同作用 | 牡荆素[ | 山楂 | IL-1β诱导的软骨细胞 | HIF-1α、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-13↓ |
| 银杏内酯[ | 银杏 | 小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞 | RANKL、ROS、超氧化物↓、过氧化氢酶、SOD2↑ |
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