Objective To investigate the clinical effect of iRobot Ⅱ of orthopedic robotic system in per⁃ cutaneous endoscopic nucleus pulposectomy（PTED）. Methods From June 2020 to August 2022，32 patients （improved navigation group）who completed the modified two⁃dimensional navigation⁃assisted PTED by iRobot Ⅱ of orthopedic robotic system in our hospital and 35 patients（C⁃arm fluoroscopy group）who completed PTED under the guidance of C ⁃arm in the same period were selected. The number of X ⁃ ray fluoroscopy，radiation dose，insertion time of working channel，total operation time，VAS score，ODI score，technical learning curve，and surgical complications of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results Less X⁃ray fluoroscopy times，lower radiation dose，reduced working channel insertion time and shorter total operation time were observed in improved navigation group（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in VAS score and ODI score between the two groups before and after operation（P > 0.05），but the comparison of VAS score and ODI score between the two groups at different time points after operation and intra⁃group comparison before operation showed statistical significance（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the formation of intervertebral foramen，the length of hospital stay and postoperative complications（P > 0.05）. The learning curve of the improved navigation group was lower and flater than that of the C⁃arm fluoroscopy group，and the operation time was constant，which was signifi⁃ cantly shortened with the increase of the number of operations（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups（P < 0.05）. There was no statistical difference in the excellent and good rate of the modified MacNab score between the two groups in the last follow⁃up（P > 0.05）. Conclusion There are shortened operation time，reduced radiation and operation risk during the operation and shortened learn⁃ing curve of PTED with the application of iRobot Ⅱ of orthopedic robotic system in PTED.