The Journal of Practical Medicine ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1913-1921.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.12.021
• Investigations • Previous Articles
Yang SHU1,2,Hao CHEN3,Lawrence Lam1()
Received:
2025-04-09
Online:
2025-06-25
Published:
2025-07-02
Contact:
Lawrence Lam
E-mail:talam@must.edu.mo
CLC Number:
Yang SHU,Hao CHEN,Lawrence Lam. The role of socioeconomic status in the relationship between environmental pollution and mortality[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025, 41(12): 1913-1921.
Tab.1
Baseline characteristics of participants(based on EPS)"
项目 | EPS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
第1五分位组 | 第2五分位组 | 第3五分位组 | 第4五分位组 | 第5五分位组 | |
例数 | 65 274 | 63 974 | 63 245 | 63 241 | 63 240 |
年龄/岁 | 56.7 ± 7.9 | 56.5 ± 8.0 | 56.2 ± 8.1 | 55.6 ± 8.2 | 55.0 ± 8.2 |
性别/[例(%)] | |||||
女 | 32 823(50.3) | 32 384(50.6) | 32 276(51.0) | 32 533(51.4) | 32 638(51.6) |
男 | 32 451(49.7) | 31 590(49.4) | 30 969(49.0) | 30 708(48.6) | 30 602(48.4) |
种族/[例(%)] | |||||
非白人 | 883(1.4) | 1 710(2.7) | 2 513(4.0) | 4 130(6.5) | 5 907(9.3) |
白人 | 64 391(98.6) | 62 264(97.3) | 60 732(96.0) | 59 111(93.5) | 57 333(90.7) |
BMI | |||||
< 18.5 kg/m2 | 253 ± 0.4 | 268 ± 0.4 | 289 ± 0.5 | 325 ± 0.5 | 424 ± 0.7 |
18.5 ~ 24.9 kg/m2 | 22 660 ± 34.7 | 20 937 ± 32.7 | 20 351 ± 32.2 | 20 463 ± 32.4 | 21 414 ± 33.9 |
25.0 ~ 29.9 kg/m2 | 28 968 ± 44.4 | 28 164 ± 44.0 | 27 160 ± 42.9 | 26 729 ± 42.3 | 26 152 ± 41.4 |
≥ 30.0 kg/m2 | 13 393 ± 20.5 | 14 605 ± 22.8 | 15 445 ± 24.4 | 15 724 ± 24.9 | 15 250 ± 24.1 |
收入/[例(%)] | |||||
< 18 000英镑 | 9 333(14.3) | 12 143(19.0) | 13 814(21.8) | 15 105(23.9) | 16 681(26.4) |
18 000 ~ 30 999英镑 | 15 407(23.6) | 16 570(25.9) | 16 538(26.1) | 16 182(25.6) | 15 128(23.9) |
31 000 ~ 51 999英镑 | 18 176(27.8) | 17 803(27.8) | 17 087(27.0) | 16 597(26.2) | 15 108(23.9) |
52 000 ~ 100 000英镑 | 16 997(26.0) | 14 157(22.1) | 12 995(20.5) | 12 458(19.7) | 11 966(18.9) |
> 100 000英镑 | 5 361(8.2) | 3 301(5.2) | 2 811(4.4) | 2 899(4.6) | 4 357(6.9) |
教育/[例(%)] | |||||
大学学历 | 25 582(39.2) | 21 816(34.1) | 20 808(32.9) | 21 882(34.6) | 26 245(41.5) |
其他 | 39 692(60.8) | 42 158(65.9) | 42 437(67.1) | 41 359(65.4) | 36 995(58.5) |
吸烟/[例(%)] | |||||
从不 | 37 642(57.7) | 36 090(56.4) | 34 671(54.8) | 34 171(54.0) | 31 421(49.7) |
从前会 | 22 874(35.0) | 22 525(35.2) | 22 410(35.4) | 22 068(34.9) | 22 951(36.3) |
现在会 | 4 758(7.3) | 5 359(8.4) | 6 164(9.7) | 7 002(11.1) | 8 868(14.0) |
饮酒/[例(%)] | |||||
从不 | 3 202(4.9) | 3 888(6.1) | 4 398(7.0) | 4 843(7.7) | 5 596(8.8) |
仅限特殊场合 | 5 271(8.1) | 6 213(9.7) | 6 887(10.9) | 7 154(11.3) | 7 274(11.5) |
每月饮酒量> 1杯 | 56 801(87.0) | 53 873(84.2) | 51 960(82.2) | 51 244(81.0) | 50 370(79.6) |
PM2.5 | 8.7 ± 0.4 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 9.9 ± 0.3 | 10.4 ± 0.4 | 11.5 ± 0.9 |
PM10 | 14.4 ± 1.7 | 15.8 ± 1.4 | 16.4 ± 1.4 | 16.8 ± 1.5 | 17.7 ± 1.8 |
NO2 | 17.1 ± 2.7 | 22.6 ± 2.4 | 26.2 ± 2.5 | 29.8 ± 2.7 | 37.0 ± 6.2 |
NOx | 26.7 ± 4.4 | 36.2 ± 3.8 | 42.1 ± 3.7 | 48.4 ± 4.2 | 65.8 ± 16.8 |
噪音 | 55.2 ± 3.0 | 54.9 ± 2.8 | 55.2 ± 3.0 | 56.1 ± 3.4 | 59.8 ± 6.1 |
TDI/[例(%)] | |||||
第1五分位组 | 21 742(33.3) | 19 118(29.9) | 14 077(22.3) | 7 752(12.3) | 3 511(5.6) |
第2五分位组 | 19 593(30.0) | 16 353(25.6) | 14 080(22.3) | 10 963(17.3) | 5 382(8.5) |
第3五分位组 | 13 401(20.5) | 13 270(20.7) | 14 213(22.5) | 14 512(22.9) | 9 030(14.3) |
第4五分位组 | 7 712(11.8) | 9 670(15.1) | 12 650(20.0) | 16 842(26.6) | 17 539(27.7) |
第5五分位组 | 2 826(4.3) | 5 563(8.7) | 8 225(13.0) | 13 172(20.8) | 27 778(43.9) |
Tab.2
Association between exposure to EPS/TDI and disease mortality"
项目 | EPS | TDI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR(95%CI) | P值 | HR(95%CI) | P值 | |
全因死亡率 | ||||
第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 |
第2五分位组 | 1.00(0.96 ~ 1.04) | 1.03(0.99~1.07) | ||
第3五分位组 | 1.04(1.00 ~ 1.08) | 1.04(1.00 ~ 1.08) | ||
第4五分位组 | 1.08(1.03 ~ 1.12) | 1.12(1.07 ~ 1.16) | ||
第5五分位组 | 1.13(1.09 ~ 1.18) | 1.29(1.24 ~ 1.35) | ||
癌症特异性死亡率 | ||||
第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 |
第2五分位组 | 1.01(0.96 ~ 1.07) | 1.04(0.98 ~ 1.10) | ||
第3五分位组 | 1.03(0.97 ~ 1.09) | 1.03(0.98 ~ 1.09) | ||
第4五分位组 | 1.08(1.02 ~ 1.14) | 1.05(0.99 ~ 1.11) | ||
第5五分位组 | 1.12(1.06 ~ 1.18) | 1.16(1.09 ~ 1.23) | ||
心血管疾病特异性死亡率 | ||||
第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | 0.06 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 |
第2五分位组 | 0.99(0.90 ~ 1.08) | 1.06(0.97 ~ 1.17) | ||
第3五分位组 | 1.03(0.95 ~ 1.13) | 1.08(0.98 ~ 1.18) | ||
第4五分位组 | 1.04(0.95 ~ 1.13) | 1.23(1.12 ~ 1.35) | ||
第5五分位组 | 1.08(0.98 ~ 1.18) | 1.36(1.24 ~ 1.49) | ||
呼吸疾病特异性死亡率 | ||||
第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | < 0.05 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 |
第2五分位组 | 0.93(0.76 ~ 1.14) | 0.86(0.69 ~ 1.07) | ||
第3五分位组 | 1.04(0.85 ~ 1.26) | 0.99(0.80 ~ 1.22) | ||
第4五分位组 | 1.16(0.96 ~ 1.41) | 1.28(1.05 ~ 1.57) | ||
第5五分位组 | 1.24(1.03 ~ 1.50) | 1.70(1.40 ~ 2.06) |
Tab.3
Association between exposure to air pollution/noise and disease mortality"
项目 | PM2.5 | PM10 | NO2 | NOx | 噪音 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR(95%CI) | HR(95%CI) | HR(95%CI) | HR(95%CI) | HR(95%CI) | |
全因死亡率 | 1.04(1.03 ~ 1.05) | 1.00(0.99 ~ 1.01) | 1.01(1.00 ~ 1.01) | 1.05(1.01 ~ 1.08) | 1.00(1.00 ~ 1.01) |
癌症特异性死亡率 | 1.03(1.01 ~ 1.05) | 1.01(0.99 ~ 1.02) | 1.00(1.00 ~ 1.01) | 1.00(1.00 ~ 1.00) | 1.00(0.99 ~ 1.01) |
心血管疾病特异性死亡率 | 1.03(1.00 ~ 1.06) | 1.00(0.98 ~ 1.01) | 1.00(0.99 ~ 1.01) | 1.00(1.00 ~ 1.00) | 1.01(1.00 ~ 1.01) |
呼吸疾病特异性死亡率 | 1.11(1.05 ~ 1.17) | 1.02(0.99 ~ 1.05) | 1.01(1.01 ~ 1.02) | 1.01(1.00 ~ 1.01) | 1.01(0.99 ~ 1.02) |
Tab.4
Association between exposure to air pollution/noise and disease mortality with multiple imputation"
项目 | PM2.5 | PM10 | NO2 | NOx | 噪音 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR(95%CI) | HR(95%CI) | HR(95%CI) | HR(95%CI) | HR(95%CI) | |
全因死亡率 | 1.06(1.05 ~ 1.07) | 1.01(1.01 ~ 1.02) | 1.01(1.01 ~ 1.01) | 1.00(1.00 ~ 1.00) | 1.00(1.00 ~ 1.01) |
癌症特异性死亡率 | 1.03(1.02 ~ 1.05) | 1.01(1.00 ~ 1.01) | 1.00(1.00 ~ 1.01) | 1.00(1.00 ~ 1.00) | 1.00(1.00 ~ 1.00) |
心血管疾病特异性死亡率 | 1.06(1.04 ~ 1.08) | 1.01(1.00 ~ 1.02) | 1.01(1.00 ~ 1.01) | 1.00(1.00 ~ 1.01) | 1.01(1.00 ~ 1.01) |
呼吸疾病特异性死亡率 | 1.15(1.11 ~ 1.20) | 1.05(1.02 ~ 1.07) | 1.02(1.01 ~ 1.02) | 1.01(1.01 ~ 1.01) | 1.01(1.00 ~ 1.02) |
Tab.5
Association between exposure to EPS/TDI and disease mortality with multiple imputation"
项目 | EPS | TDI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR(95%CI) | P值 | HR(95%CI) | P值 | |
全因死亡率 | ||||
第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 |
第2五分位组 | 1.04(1.01 ~ 1.07) | 1.03(0.99 ~ 1.06) | ||
第3五分位组 | 1.09(1.05 ~ 1.13) | 1.06(1.03 ~ 1.10) | ||
第4五分位组 | 1.14(1.10 ~ 1.17) | 1.16(1.12 ~ 1.20) | ||
第5五分位组 | 1.20(1.16 ~ 1.24) | 1.39(1.34 ~ 1.43) | ||
癌症特异性死亡率 | ||||
第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 |
第2五分位组 | 1.04(0.99 ~ 1.09) | 1.04(0.99 ~ 1.09) | ||
第3五分位组 | 1.07(1.02 ~ 1.12) | 1.04(0.99 ~ 1.09) | ||
第4五分位组 | 1.08(1.03 ~ 1.13) | 1.07(1.02 ~ 1.12) | ||
第5五分位组 | 1.13(1.07 ~ 1.18) | 1.19(1.13-1.25) | ||
心血管疾病特异性死亡率 | ||||
第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 |
第2五分位组 | 1.04(0.97 ~ 1.12) | 0.99(0.91 ~ 1.07) | ||
第3五分位组 | 1.08(1.00 ~ 1.16) | 1.09(1.01 ~ 1.18) | ||
第4五分位组 | 1.16(1.08 ~ 1.25) | 1.22(1.13 ~ 1.32) | ||
第5五分位组 | 1.19(1.10 ~ 1.28) | 1.46(1.35 ~ 1.57) | ||
呼吸疾病特异性死亡率 | ||||
第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 | 1(Ref) | < 0.001 |
第2五分位组 | 1.04(0.88 ~ 1.23) | 0.96(0.80 ~ 1.15) | ||
第3五分位组 | 1.30(1.11 ~ 1.52) | 1.10(0.92 ~ 1.31) | ||
第4五分位组 | 1.33(1.13 ~ 1.56) | 1.48(1.26 ~ 1.74) | ||
第5五分位组 | 1.54(1.32 ~ 1.80) | 2.08(1.78 ~ 2.43) |
Tab.6
Interactions between exposure to EPS, TDI and disease mortality"
TDI | EPS | 癌症特异性死亡率 | 心血管疾病特异性死亡率 | 呼吸疾病特异性死亡率 | 全因死亡率 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR(95%CI) | Pi 值 | HR(95%CI) | Pi 值 | HR(95%CI) | Pi 值 | HR(95%CI) | Pi 值 | ||
第1五分位组 | 第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | < 0.05 | 1(Ref) | 0.31 | 1(Ref) | 0.17 | 1(Ref) | < 0.05 |
第2五分位组 | 1.07(0.97 ~ 1.19) | 1.07(0.90 ~ 1.27) | 0.64(0.43 ~ 0.96) | 0.99(0.91 ~ 1.07) | |||||
第3五分位组 | 1.03(0.92 ~ 1.15) | 0.91(0.75 ~ 1.11) | 0.65(0.42 ~ 1.02) | 1.08(0.98 ~ 1.19) | |||||
第4五分位组 | 1.07(0.94 ~ 1.23) | 1.01(0.80 ~ 1.28) | 0.85(0.51 ~ 1.41) | 1.03(0.90 ~ 1.18) | |||||
第5五分位组 | 0.99(0.82 ~ 1.20) | 0.91(0.65 ~ 1.27) | 1.33(0.74 ~ 2.37) | 1.03(0.96 ~ 1.11) | |||||
第2五分位组 | 第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||||
第2五分位组 | 0.97(0.87 ~ 1.08) | 0.89(0.75 ~ 1.07) | 0.79(0.49 ~ 1.26) | 0.95(0.88 ~ 1.02) | |||||
第3五分位组 | 0.97(0.87 ~ 1.09) | 0.93(0.77 ~ 1.12) | 0.97(0.61 ~ 1.53) | 0.97(0.89 ~ 1.05) | |||||
第4五分位组 | 0.99(0.88 ~ 1.12) | 0.93(0.76 ~ 1.14) | 1.21(0.76 ~ 1.93) | 0.97(0.89 ~ 1.06) | |||||
第5五分位组 | 1.03(0.88 ~ 1.20) | 1.03(0.81 ~ 1.32) | 1.53(0.89 ~ 2.62) | 1.06(0.95 ~ 1.18) | |||||
第3五分位组 | 第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||||
第2五分位组 | 0.93(0.82 ~ 1.06) | 0.99(0.81 ~ 1.20) | 0.64(0.40 ~ 1.03) | 0.94(0.85 ~ 1.02) | |||||
第3五分位组 | 1.03(0.91 ~ 1.16) | 1.00(0.82 ~ 1.22) | 0.76(0.49 ~ 1.18) | 1.00(0.92 ~ 1.09) | |||||
第4五分位组 | 1.14(1.01 ~ 1.29) | 1.01(0.83 ~ 1.23) | 0.98(0.65 ~ 1.48) | 1.08(0.99 ~ 1.18) | |||||
第5五分位组 | 1.3(1.13 ~ 1.48) | 0.86(0.68 ~ 1.09) | 0.64(0.38 ~ 1.10) | 1.1(1.00 ~ 1.21) | |||||
第4五分位组 | 第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||||
第2五分位组 | 1.07(0.92 ~ 1.25) | 1.08(0.85 ~ 1.36) | 1.54(0.95 ~ 2.49) | 1.07(0.96 ~ 1.19) | |||||
第3五分位组 | 1.1(0.95 ~ 1.28) | 1.09(0.87 ~ 1.35) | 1.10(0.68 ~ 1.79) | 1.08(0.97 ~ 1.20) | |||||
第4五分位组 | 1.1(0.95 ~ 1.26) | 1.05(0.85 ~ 1.30) | 1.18(0.74 ~ 1.88) | 1.08(0.98 ~ 1.19) | |||||
第5五分位组 | 1.11(0.97 ~ 1.28) | 1.04(0.84 ~ 1.29) | 1.36(0.86 ~ 2.14) | 1.11(1.00 ~ 1.22) | |||||
第5五分位组 | 第1五分位组 | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||||
第2五分位组 | 1.01(0.82 ~ 1.25) | 0.85(0.63 ~ 1.15) | 1.77(0.94 ~ 3.34) | 1.05(0.91 ~ 1.21) | |||||
第3五分位组 | 0.97(0.80 ~ 1.18) | 1.12(0.85 ~ 1.48) | 2.03(1.11 ~ 3.72) | 1.16(1.01 ~ 1.32) | |||||
第4五分位组 | 1.00(0.83 ~ 1.21) | 0.94(0.71 ~ 1.23) | 1.64(0.90 ~ 2.99) | 1.07(0.94 ~ 1.22) | |||||
第5五分位组 | 1.00(0.83 ~ 1.19) | 0.98(0.76 ~ 1.27) | 1.45(0.81 ~ 2.62) | 1.07(0.94 ~ 1.21) |
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