实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 2259-2266.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.12.023

• 综述 • 上一篇    

重性精神障碍患者过早死亡的直接死因、作用机制与分层干预策略

陈飞鸿1,季善玲1,寻亚诺2,郁昊1,刘霞2()   

  1. 1.济宁医学院精神卫生学院 (山东 济宁 272067 )
    2.山东省戴庄医院睡眠科 (山东 济宁 272067 )
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-10 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘霞 E-mail:liuxia.099@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82471526);国家自然科学基金项目(81901358);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019BH001);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021YQ55);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2024QH652)

Research progress on the causes and mechanisms of premature mortality in patients with severe mental disorders

Feihong CHEN1,Shanling JI1,Yanuo XUN2,Hao YU1,Xia LIU2()   

  1. 1.Institute of Mental Health,Jining Medical University,Jining 272067,Shandong,China
    2.Department of Psychiatry,Shandong Daizhuang Hospital,Jining 272067,Shandong,China
  • Received:2026-03-10 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-06-30
  • Contact: Xia LIU E-mail:liuxia.099@163.com

摘要:

重性精神障碍(severe mental disorders, SMD)患者总体寿命较普通人群显著缩短,过早死亡已成为重要公共卫生问题,但其死因构成与作用机制尚缺乏系统整合。该文系统梳理相关研究进展,将其归纳为非自然死亡和自然死亡,并指出医疗与照护相关因素在其中的放大作用。在此基础上,分析不同SMD在直接死因与高危阶段上的差异,并从生物学、心理行为及社会因素等层面阐释其作用机制。结合上述分析,归纳基于死因与作用机制的分层干预策略。未来可结合队列研究、多学科协作与人工智能技术,进一步提升风险识别与干预的精准性, 进而减轻公共卫生负担。

关键词: 重性精神障碍, 过早死亡, 直接死因, 精神分裂症, 双相情感障碍, 重度抑郁症

Abstract:

Premature mortality represents a significant public-health challenge among patients with severe mental disorders (SMD), as their life expectancy is considerably shorter than that of the general population. However, the patterns of causes of death and the underlying mechanisms have not been systematically synthesized yet. This article reviews the latest research on premature mortality in SMD and classifies the causes into unnatural and natural deaths, while emphasizing the exacerbating effects of healthcare-and caregiving-related factors. It further examines the differences in direct causes of death and high-risk stages among different types of SMD, and explores the underlying mechanisms from biological, psychological-behavioral, and social viewpoints. Based on these findings, stratified intervention strategies guided by cause-mechanism pathways are put forward to reduce premature mortality. Future studies integrating cohort designs, multidisciplinary collaboration, and artificial intelligence may enhance the precision and effectiveness of interventions and contribute to reducing the related public-health burden.

Key words: severe mental disorders, premature mortality, cause of death, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder

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