The Journal of Practical Medicine ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (24): 3290-3296.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2023.24.025

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Research progress of exogenous ketone body 3⁃hydroxybutyrate supplementation for human disease treatment

Daixu WEI1,2,Yu LIU1,Wenhui ZHOU2,Zhaoping. LIU1   

  1. *.Zigong Institute of Brain Research,Zigong Hospital Affiliated to Southeast Medical University,Zigong 643020,China
    *.The College of Life Science,Northwest University,Xi′an 710069,China
  • Received:2023-07-26 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2024-01-10

Abstract:

3?hydroxybutyrate (3HB), an anionic small molecule acid metabolite with a hydroxyl group, is a chiral molecule that exists in two enantiomeric forms. It is associated with cell growth, proliferation, and anti?oxidative stress, and demonstrates good biosafety when used within a specific range. In addition to epilepsy treatment, with the popularity of ketogenic diet in recent years, exogenous supplementation of 3HB for human has been gradually found to be associated with a variety of metabolic diseases. This review describes the physiological function, physicochemical characteristics, toxicology and biological safety of 3HB, and its applications as potential drug molecules in epilepsy, weight?loss (or weight control), systemic inflammation, hemorrhagic shock, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, osteoporosis, neurological diseases (e.g., Parkinson′s disease, Alzheimer′s disease and Huntington′s disease), muscular dystrophy, COVID?19, anti?aging and many other medical fields. This review also focuses on the discussion and prospect of the new methods and the potential limitations of exogenous 3HB supplementation for clinical transformation.

Key words: 3?hydroxybutyrate, beta?hydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxyalkanoate, ketogenic diet, ketone body, aging

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