实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (17): 3206-3214.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.17.020

• 论著·机制与实践 • 上一篇    下一篇

孕前BMI对地中海饮食依从性与妊娠并发症关系的修饰效应

王俞涵1, 郑银霞1,3,4,5, 王欣怡1, 姚小小2, 丁桂凤3,5()   

  1. 1. 新疆医科大学公共卫生学院 (新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000 )
    2. 石河子大学公共卫生学院 (新疆 石河子 832000 )
    3. 乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院医务科 (新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000 )
    4. 乌鲁木齐市友爱医院医务科 (新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000 )
    5. 乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院新疆围产期疾病临床医学研究中心 (新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000 )
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-10 出版日期:2026-09-10 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 丁桂凤
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2025B03019-3); 新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2023B03018-1)

The modifying effect of pre pregnancy BMI on the relationship between Mediterranean diet adherence and pregnancy complications

Yuhan Wang1, Yinxia Zheng1,3,4,5, Xinyi Wang1, Xiaoxiao Yao2, Guifeng Ding3,5()   

  1. 1. School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China
    2. School of Public Health,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China
    3. Department of Medical,Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China
    4. Department ofMedical,Urumqi Youai Hospital,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China
    5. Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Diseases,Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2026-06-10 Online:2026-09-10 Published:2026-10-10
  • Contact: Guifeng Ding
  • About author:

    Wang Yuhan was responsible for data collection and article writing. Zheng Yinxia was responsible for article revision and statistical analysis. Wang Xinyi and Yao Xiaoxiao were responsible for data collection. Ding Guifeng was responsible for research design and article review. All authors read and approved the final manuscript submitted.

摘要:

目的 评估地中海饮食依从性与孕前BMI、孕期锻炼的交互作用对妊娠期并发症的影响。 方法 本研究采用随机抽样的方法于2025年1月至2026年1月纳入乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院和乌鲁木齐市友爱医院568例产妇,采用14点MD得分量表(MEDAS)调查产妇妊娠期的饮食情况;采用logistic回归分析模型分析MD依从性与孕前BMI的独立以及交互作用和孕期锻炼的修饰作用对妊娠期并发症的影响。 结果 研究对象年龄(30.39 ± 4.046)岁,共192例发生妊娠期并发症,其中患有妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)83例(14.61%),妊娠期高血压(hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,HDP)63例(11.09%),贫血28例(4.93%),羊水过多或过少26例(4.58%),甲状腺异常20例(3.52%),胎盘异常10例(1.76%)。logistic回归显示,调整混杂因素后,高依从性的MD是妊娠期总体疾病(OR = 0.912,95%CI:0.838 ~ 0.991,P = 0.030)、HDP(OR = 0.770,95%CI:0.675 ~ 0.879,P < 0.001)及GDM(OR = 0.882,95%CI:0.789 ~ 0.985,P = 0.027)的保护因素,分层显示提示该保护效应在锻炼孕妇群体中更为显著。孕前超重、肥胖是HDP(OR = 3.256,95%CI:1.683 ~ 6.299,P < 0.001;OR = 12.095,95%CI:5.288 ~ 27.663,P < 0.001)、GDM(OR = 2.499,95%CI:1.409 ~ 4.430,P = 0.002;OR = 9.035,95%CI:4.097 ~ 19.923,P < 0.001)的危险因素,不锻炼组风险增幅更显著。交互分析显示,孕前BMI与MD依从性交互显著,超重(总疾病OR = 0.773,P = 0.022;HDP OR = 0.707,P = 0.040)、肥胖孕妇(总疾病OR = 0.500,P = 0.006;HDP OR = 0.457,P = 0.009;GDM OR = 0.565,P = 0.017)MD保护作用更强,锻炼分层后,孕前超重人群在孕期锻炼的情况下结合高依从的MD饮食是HDP的保护因素(OR = 0.484,95%CI:0.264 ~ 0.887,P < 0.05)。 结论 提高MD依从性、维持孕前正常BMI并坚持孕期锻炼,可有效降低 HDP、GDM等妊娠期并发症发生风险。

关键词: 地中海饮食模式, 孕前BMI, 孕期锻炼, 妊娠期并发症

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the interaction between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and pre-pregnancy BMI, as well as the modifying effect of physical activity during pregnancy, on the risk of pregnancy complications. Methods A total of 568 pregnant women were randomly selected from Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Urumqi Youai Hospital between January 2025 and January 2026. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed using a 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the independent effects and interactions of MD adherence with pre-pregnancy BMI, as well as the modifying role of exercise during pregnancy, on pregnancy complications. Results The average age of the subjects was (30.39 ± 4.046) years, and 192 cases of pregnancy complications occurred. Among them,83(14.61%) had gestational diabetes(GDM), 63(11.09%) had gestational hypertension(HDP),28(4.93%) had anemia,26(4.58%) had too much or too little amniotic fluid, 20 (3.52%) had thyroid abnormalities, and 10(1.76%) had placental abnormalities. Logistic regression showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, highly adherence MD was a protective factor for overall disease during pregnancy (OR = 0.912, 95%CI: 0.838 - 0.991, P = 0.030), HDP(OR = 0.770, 95%CI: 0.675 - 0.879, P < 0.001), and GDM (OR = 0.882, 95%CI: 0.789 - 0.985, P = 0.027). Stratified display suggests that this protective effect is more significant in the exercise pregnant population. Pre pregnancy overweight and obesity are risk factors for HDP (OR = 3.256,95%CI: 1.683 - 6.299, P < 0.001; OR = 12.095, 95% CI: 5.288 - 27.663, P < 0.001) and GDM (OR = 2.499, 95%CI: 1.409 - 4.430, P = 0.002; OR = 9.035, 95%CI: 4.097 - 19.923, P < 0.001), with a more significant increase in risk in the non exercise group. Interaction analysis showed a significant interaction between pre pregnancy BMI and MD compliance, with overweight (total disease OR = 0.773, P = 0.022);HDP OR = 0.707,P = 0.040)、Obese pregnant women (total disease OR = 0.500, P = 0.006);HDP OR = 0.457,P = 0.009;GDM OR = 0.565, P = 0.017) MD has a stronger protective effect. After exercise stratification, the combination of high compliance MD diet with exercise during pregnancy is a protective factor for HDP in pre pregnancy overweight population (OR = 0.484, 95%CI: 0.264 - 0.887, P < 0.05). Conclusion Improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet, maintaining a normal pre-pregnancy BMI, and engaging in regular physical activity during pregnancy can effectively reduce the risk of pregnancy complications such as HDP and GDM.

Key words: mediterranean diet pattern, pre-pregnancy BMI, exercise during pregnancy, complications during pregnancy

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