静息态磁共振脑功能连接分析在低氧相关疾病认知功能损伤中的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.06.024

实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 1097-1104.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.06.024

• 综述 • 上一篇

静息态磁共振脑功能连接分析在低氧相关疾病认知功能损伤中的研究进展

欧杨^1,²,徐守竹¹,曾思瑶²,何结兵²,郭思嘉²,周杨²,陈筱鸣²()

^1.陕西中医药大学公共卫生学院（陕西咸阳 712046 ）
^2.第四军医大学军事预防医学系劳动与环境卫生教研室，陕西省环境健康危害评估与防护重点实验室，特殊作业环境危害评估与防治教育部重点实验室 ;（陕西西安 710032 ）

收稿日期:2025-10-30 修回日期:2025-12-10 接受日期:2025-12-15 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-26
通讯作者: 陈筱鸣 E-mail:xiaomingchen_xa@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82271920);中国博士后科学基金第76批面上资助项目(2024M764331);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2025JC-YBQN-079)

Resting-sate functional magnetic resonance imaging brain functional connectivity analysis in cognitive impairment of hypoxia-related diseases： A review

Yang OU^1,²,Shouzhu XU¹,Siyao ZENG²,Jiebing HE²,Sijia GUO²,Yang ZHOU²,Xiaoming CHEN²()

^1.School of Public Health，Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine，Xianyang 712046，Shaanxi，China
^2.Department of Military Occupational and Environmental Health，Military Preventive Medicine School，Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment and Protection of Shaanxi Province，Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment，Air Force Medical University，Xi′an 710032，Shaanxi，China

Received:2025-10-30 Revised:2025-12-10 Accepted:2025-12-15 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-03-26
Contact: Xiaoming CHEN E-mail:xiaomingchen_xa@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长期低氧诱发的中枢神经系统损伤及认知功能下降（如记忆减退、反应迟缓、执行功能降低等），是威胁人类健康的重大公共卫生问题，但其损伤机制尚未阐明。近年来，功能磁共振成像技术凭借无创性和高分辨率的优势，成为解析脑功能活动异常的核心技术。该文系统梳理静息态功能磁共振成像在低氧相关疾病认知功能损伤研究中的进展，深入探讨多种脑功能分析方法对大脑功能指标变化特征的揭示作用，为阐明低氧诱导认知功能损伤机制提供参考依据。该文还明确脑功能指标可作为疾病早期诊断生物标志物，为高风险人群筛查、干预时机选择提供量化依据；同时通过筛选关键脑区，为低氧认知损伤防护提供精准靶点，为其脑健康策略提供科学依据。未来结合人工智能开展多中心研究，有望进一步提升诊断精准度与干预有效性，为减轻低氧相关疾病的公共卫生负担提供关键技术支撑。

Abstract:

Long-term hypoxia induces central nervous system damage and cognitive decline （e.g.， memory impairment， delayed reaction， and reduced executive function）， representing a critical medical challenge threatening human health. However， the underlying mechanisms of such impairment remain unclear. In recent years， functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） has emerged as a core tool for investigating abnormal brain functional activity， owing to its non-invasive nature and high spatial resolution. This review systematically summarizes the advances of resting-state fMRI （rs-fMRI） in studies of hypoxia-related cognitive impairment. It further explores in depth how various brain function analysis methods delineate changes in brain functional metrics， which in turn provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. Additionally， this review confirms that rs-fMRI-derived brain functional metrics can serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for hypoxia-related diseases， offering quantitative evidence for screening high-risk populations. Meanwhile， by identifying key brain regions affected by hypoxia， the review provides precise targets for preventing hypoxic cognitive impairment and establishes a scientific basis for formulating brain health strategies. Notably， the integration of artificial intelligence （AI） techniques into multi-center studies is anticipated to further enhance diagnostic accuracy and intervention efficacy. This approach will ultimately provide critical technical support for alleviating the public health burden of hypoxia-related diseases.

Key words: hypoxia-related diseases, functional magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

中图分类号:

R445.2

欧杨,徐守竹,曾思瑶,何结兵,郭思嘉,周杨,陈筱鸣. 静息态磁共振脑功能连接分析在低氧相关疾病认知功能损伤中的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2026, 42(6): 1097-1104.

Yang OU,Shouzhu XU,Siyao ZENG,Jiebing HE,Sijia GUO,Yang ZHOU,Xiaoming CHEN. Resting-sate functional magnetic resonance imaging brain functional connectivity analysis in cognitive impairment of hypoxia-related diseases： A review[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2026, 42(6): 1097-1104.

参考文献 48

[1]	WANG X， CUI L， JI X. Cognitive impairment caused by hypoxia： From clinical evidences to molecular mechanisms［J］. Metab Brain Dis， 2022， 37（1）： 51-66. doi：10.1007/s11011-021-00796-3 . doi: 10.1007/s11011-021-00796-3
[2]	LI Y， WANG M Y， XU M， et al. High-altitude exposure and time interval perception of Chinese migrants in Tibet［J］. Brain Sci， 2022， 12（5）： 585. doi：10.3390/brainsci12050585 . doi: 10.3390/brainsci12050585
[3]	ZHAO Y， XIONG W， LI C， et al. Hypoxia-induced signaling in the cardiovascular system： Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets［J］. Signal Transduct Target Ther， 2023， 8（1）： 431. doi：10.1038/s41392-023-01652-9 . doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01652-9
[4]	WANG L， SANG L， CUI Y， et al. Effects of acute high-altitude exposure on working memory： A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study［J］. Brain Behav， 2022， 12（12）： e2776. doi：10.1002/brb3.2776 . doi: 10.1002/brb3.2776
[5]	CHEN X， ZHANG Q， WANG J， et al. Cognitive and neuroimaging changes in healthy immigrants upon relocation to a high altitude： A panel study［J］. Hum Brain Mapp， 2017， 38（8）： 3865-3877. doi：10.1002/hbm.23635 . doi: 10.1002/hbm.23635
[6]	MARAPIN R S， VAN DER HORN H J， MADELEIN VAN DER STOUWE A M， et al. Altered brain connectivity in hyperkinetic movement disorders： A review of resting-state fMRI［J］. Neuroimage Clin， 2023， 37： 103302. doi：10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103302 . doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103302
[7]	WANG R， LIU N， TAO Y Y， et al. The application of rs-fMRI in vascular cognitive impairment［J］. Front Neurol， 2020， 11： 951. doi：10.3389/fneur.2020.00951 . doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00951
[8]	COSTE F， VRAKA A， GUERREIRO I， et al. Hypoxemia： From pathophysiology to diagnosis［J］. Rev Med Suisse， 2022， 18（804）： 2157-2161. doi：10.53738/REVMED.2022.18.804.2157 . doi: 10.53738/REVMED.2022.18.804.2157
[9]	CHEN X， ZHANG J， LIN Y， et al. Mechanism， prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment caused by high altitude exposure［J］. Front Physiol， 2023， 14： 1191058. doi：10.3389/fphys. 2023.1191058 . doi: 10.3389/fphys. 2023.1191058
[10]	ZHANG Y Q， ZHANG W J， LIU J H， et al. Effects of chronic hypoxic environment on cognitive function and neuroimaging measures in a high-altitude population［J］. Front Aging Neurosci， 2022， 14： 788322. doi：10.3389/fnagi.2022.788322 . doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.788322
[11]	ADELOYE D， SONG P， ZHU Y， et al. Global， regional， and national prevalence of， and risk factors for， chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in 2019： A systematic review and modelling analysis［J］. Lancet Respir Med， 2022， 10（5）： 447-458. doi：10.1016/S2213-2600（21）00511-7 . doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600（21）00511-7
[12]	LI X， CAO X， GUO M， et al. Trends and risk factors of mortality and disability adjusted life years for chronic respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2017： Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017［J］. BMJ， 2020， 368： m234. doi：10.1136/bmj.m234 . doi: 10.1136/bmj.m234
[13]	CALVERLEY P M A， WALKER P P. Contemporary Concise Review 2022： Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease［J］. Respirology， 2023， 28（5）： 428-436. doi：10.1111/resp.14489 . doi: 10.1111/resp.14489
[14]	SIRAJ R A. Comorbid cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）： Current understanding， risk factors， implications for clinical practice， and suggested interventions［J］. Medicina， 2023， 59（4）： 732. doi：10.3390/medicina59040732 . doi: 10.3390/medicina59040732
[15]	亓菀荞，朱雨岚. OSAS遗传易感性及相关基因突变的研究进展［J］. 中华神经医学杂志， 2022， 21（11）： 1178-1183. doi：10.3760/cma.j.cn115354-20220612-00415 . doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115354-20220612-00415
[16]	PASE M P， HARRISON S， MISIALEK J R， et al. Sleep architecture， obstructive sleep apnea， and cognitive function in adults［J］. JAMA Netw Open， 2023， 6（7）： e2325152. doi：10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.25152 . doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.25152
[17]	LOBLEIN H J， VUKMIROVICH P W， DONOFRIO M T， et al. Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in a clinically referred sample of children with CHD［J］. Cardiol Young， 2023， 33（4）： 619-626. doi：10.1017/S1047951122001469 . doi: 10.1017/S1047951122001469
[18]	KOUSHIOU M， MANZOOR S， JOSSIF A， et al. Cognitive functioning in children and young people with congenital heart disease： A systematic review of meta-analyses［J］. Healthcare， 2024， 12（24）： 2594. doi：10.3390/healthcare12242594 . doi: 10.3390/healthcare12242594
[19]	CALDERON J， NEWBURGER J W， ROLLINS C K. Neurodevelopmental and mental health outcomes in patients with fontan circulation： A state-of-the-art review［J］. Front Pediatr， 2022， 10： 826349. doi：10.3389/fped.2022.826349 . doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.826349
[20]	SAMSON K L I， FISCHER J A J， ROCHE M L. Iron status， Anemia， and iron interventions and their associations with cognitive and academic performance in adolescents： A systematic review［J］. Nutrients， 2022， 14（1）： 224. doi：10.3390/nu14010224 . doi: 10.3390/nu14010224
[21]	LEUNG A K C， LAM J M， WONG A H C， et al. Iron deficiency Anemia： An updated review［J］. Curr Pediatr Rev， 2024， 20（3）： 339-356. doi：10.2174/1573396320666230727102042 . doi: 10.2174/1573396320666230727102042
[22]	赵家瑞，龚玉来. 静息态功能磁共振成像在颞叶癫痫认知损害中的研究进展［J］. 实用医学杂志， 2024， 40（20）： 2954-2959. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.20.022 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.20.022
[23]	LV H， WANG Z， TONG E， et al. Resting-state functional MRI： Everything that nonexperts have always wanted to know［J］. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol， 2018， 39（8）： 1390-1399. doi：10.3174/ajnr.A5527 . doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A5527
[24]	黄东莹，吕彩条，李柘坤，等. 抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎伴认知损伤患者的脑功能低频振幅及局部一致性的变化［J］. 实用医学杂志， 2023， 39（20）： 2603-2607. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2023.20.008 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2023.20.008
[25]	FENG M， WEN H， XIN H， et al. Altered spontaneous brain activity related to neurologic dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vessel disease［J］. Front Aging Neurosci， 2021， 13： 731585. doi：10.3389/fnagi.2021.731585 . doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.731585
[26]	CHEN W， LIANG J， QIU X， et al. Differences in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations （fALFF） and cognitive function between untreated major depressive disorder and schizophrenia with depressive mood patients［J］. BMC Psychiatry， 2024， 24（1）： 313. doi：10.1186/s12888-024-05777-1 . doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05777-1
[27]	CANARIO E， CHEN D， BISWAL B. A review of resting-state fMRI and its use to examine psychiatric disorders［J］. Psychoradiology， 2021， 1（1）： 42-53. doi：10.1093/psyrad/kkab003 . doi: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab003
[28]	WANG X， SHEN Y， WEI W， et al. Alterations of regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in different hoehn and yahr stages of Parkinson′s disease［J］. Brain Res Bull， 2024， 218： 111110. doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111110 . doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111110
[29]	ALBANO L， AGOSTA F， BASAIA S， et al. Altered functional connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson′s disease： Focus on candidates for deep brain stimulation［J］. J Parkinsons Dis， 2023， 13（5）： 797-809. doi：10.3233/JPD-230005 . doi: 10.3233/JPD-230005
[30]	CAO Y， SI Q， TONG R， et al. Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity changes correlated with non-motor symptoms of Parkinson′s disease［J］. Front Neurosci， 2023， 17： 1116111. doi：10.3389/fnins.2023.1116111 . doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1116111
[31]	PRETI M G， BOLTON T A， VAN DE VILLE D. The dynamic functional connectome： State-of-the-art and perspectives［J］. Neuroimage， 2017， 160： 41-54. doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage. 2016. 12.061 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage. 2016. 12.061
[32]	KNUDSEN L V， GAZERANI P， DUAN Y， et al. The role of multimodal MRI in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer′s disease［J］. J Neuroimaging， 2022， 32（1）： 148-157. doi：10.1111/jon.12940 . doi: 10.1111/jon.12940
[33]	UEHARA T， SHIGETO H， MUKAINO T， et al. Rapidly spreading seizures arise from large-scale functional brain networks in focal epilepsy［J］. Neuroimage， 2021， 237： 118104. doi：10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118104 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118104
[34]	ZHANG Z， ZHANG Y， WANG H， et al. Resting-state network alterations in depression： A comprehensive meta-analysis of functional connectivity［J］. Psychol Med， 2025， 55： e63. doi：10.1017/S0033291725000303 . doi: 10.1017/S0033291725000303
[35]	RAMSAY I S， POKORNY V J， LYNN P A， et al. Limited consistency and strength of neural oscillations during sustained visual attention in schizophrenia［J］. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging， 2024， 9（3）： 337-345. doi：10.1016/j.bpsc. 2023. 02.001 . doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc. 2023. 02.001
[36]	MA X， ZHUO Z， WEI L， et al. Altered temporal organization of brief spontaneous brain activities in patients with Alzheimer′s disease［J］. Neuroscience， 2020， 425： 1-11. doi：10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.025 . doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.025
[37]	BAO H， HE X， WANG F， et al. Study of brain structure and function in chronic mountain sickness based on fMRI［J］. Front Neurol， 2022， 12： 763835. doi：10.3389/fneur.2021.763835 . doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.763835
[38]	ZHANG X， XIE W， DU W， et al. Consistent differences in brain structure and functional connectivity in high-altitude native Tibetans and immigrants［J］. Brain Imaging Behav， 2023， 17（3）： 271-281. doi：10.1007/s11682-023-00759-5 . doi: 10.1007/s11682-023-00759-5
[39]	YU J， WANG W， PENG D， et al. Intrinsic low-frequency oscillation changes in multiple-frequency bands in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease［J］. Brain Imaging Behav， 2021， 15（4）： 1922-1933. doi：10.1007/s11682-020-00385-5 . doi: 10.1007/s11682-020-00385-5
[40]	LI H， XIN H， YU J， et al. Abnormal intrinsic functional hubs and connectivity in stable patients with COPD： A resting-state MRI study［J］. Brain Imaging Behav， 2020， 14（2）： 573-585. doi：10.1007/s11682-019-00130-7 . doi: 10.1007/s11682-019-00130-7
[41]	TANG F， LI L， PENG D， et al. Abnormal static and dynamic functional network connectivity in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease［J］. Front Aging Neurosci， 2022， 14： 1009232. doi：10.3389/fnagi.2022.1009232 . doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1009232
[42]	JI T， LI X， CHEN J， et al. Brain function in children with obstructive sleep apnea： A resting-state fMRI study［J］. Sleep， 2021， 44（8）： zsab047. doi：10.1093/sleep/zsab047 . doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsab047
[43]	GAO J， CAO J， CHEN J， et al. Brain morphology and functional connectivity alterations in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea［J］. Sleep Med， 2023， 111： 62-69. doi：10.1016/j.sleep. 2023.08.032 . doi: 10.1016/j.sleep. 2023.08.032
[44]	HE Y， SHEN J， WANG X， et al. Preliminary study on brain resting-state networks and cognitive impairments of patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome［J］. BMC Neurol， 2022， 22（1）： 456. doi：10.1186/s12883-022-02991-w . doi: 10.1186/s12883-022-02991-w
[45]	LI L， SONG L， LIU Y， et al. Combining static and dynamic functional connectivity analyses to identify male patients with obstructive sleep apnea and predict clinical symptoms［J］. Sleep Med， 2025， 126： 136-147. doi：10.1016/j.sleep.2024.12.013 . doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.12.013
[46]	LI L， LONG T， LIU Y， et al. Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity and topological properties of cerebellar network in male obstructive sleep apnea［J］. CNS Neurosci Ther， 2024， 30（6）： e14786. doi：10.1111/cns.14786 . doi: 10.1111/cns.14786
[47]	ENGUIX V， EASSON K， GILBERT G， et al. Altered resting state functional connectivity in youth with congenital heart disease operated during infancy［J］. PLoS One， 2022， 17（4）： e0264781. doi：10.1371/journal.pone.0264781 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264781
[48]	ALGARIN C， KARUNAKARAN K D， REYES S， et al. Differences on brain connectivity in adulthood are present in subjects with iron deficiency Anemia in infancy［J］. Front Aging Neurosci， 2017， 9： 54. doi：10.3389/fnagi.2017.00054 . doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00054

静息态磁共振脑功能连接分析在低氧相关疾病认知功能损伤中的研究进展

Resting-sate functional magnetic resonance imaging brain functional connectivity analysis in cognitive impairment of hypoxia-related diseases： A review

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 48

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	刘升明. 《GOLD 2026报告》关于慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断、治疗、管理及预防全球策略更新要点解读[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2026, 42(4): 541-550.
[2]	刘逢仁,李鹏程,张文,李丰. 血清IL-7、LDH/ALB、sCD14-ST在慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺部感染诊断和病情评估中的应用[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2026, 42(2): 236-248.
[3]	安莉,熊晓苗,李民晟,姜威,刘彦鑫,张智健. 经鼻高流量湿化氧疗与无创正压通气对高龄慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并轻中度高碳酸血症患者的疗效比较[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(9): 1332-1338.
[4]	何文芳,周逊,丁美祝,陈艺萍,刘倩丽,谈馨媛. “ASK-T”防误吸管理模式在降低老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并吞咽障碍患者误吸风险中的应用[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(3): 434-441.
[5]	贾睿奕,张勃,于国云,强佳伟,王新宇,庞桂芬. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并高血压对心血管事件的影响[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(21): 3358-3364.
[6]	龚钊乾,赵文驱,陈垚欣,赵海金. 破解基层慢性阻塞性肺疾病早诊难题：从公卫政策到防治体系建设的思考[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(16): 2441-2446.
[7]	史月欣,李莉,晏军,吴彩军,姚志,菅原蓁,李子晴,李芳,杨露露. PD-1、PD-L1在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者中的表达特点及诊断价值[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(11): 1655-1662.
[8]	杨燕,姚莉,万文霞,周珍珍,凌楠. 三种雾化吸入方法对无创通气的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者的疗效影响[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(11): 1694-1704.
[9]	秦晓晓,李晓茁,郭泓利,张利静. 多模态功能磁共振成像联合磁共振波谱对脑胶质瘤术后复发与假性进展鉴别诊断价值[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(11): 1736-1741.
[10]	杨士芳,高兴林,李静,姬路鹏. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肌少症的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(9): 1181-1185.
[11]	刘丽君,李翔云,杨娅娟. 外周血RDW、NLR、FAR、SP-A检测对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者病情及急性加重风险的评估价值[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(22): 3244-3250.
[12]	王坤,曹晓梅. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并骨质疏松的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(19): 2796-2800.
[13]	王頔,廖旦,刘远成,徐睿,段庆红. 基于静息态磁共振分析首发抑郁症伴童年创伤全脑局部一致性变化[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(16): 2311-2315.
[14]	杨勇,陈仁军,葛建岭,王伟. 基于Wnt/β-catenin信号通路研究右美托咪定对七氟烷诱发认知功能损伤的保护作用[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(15): 2063-2068.
[15]	毛燕青,王亚楠,李洁. 初诊慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴高压病临床症状、生存质量及实验室指标研究[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(11): 1549-1553.