Pigment epithelium derived factor（PEDF）is a type of 50 kDa secretory glycoprotein with a variety of biological effects and physiological activities，including anti ⁃angiogenesis，anti ⁃tumor and neurotrophic activities. Since the discovery of PEDF in 1987，many studies have confirmed that PEDF or its polypeptide frag⁃ ments have the potential to treat a variety of diseases，especially those with pathological changes such as neovascu⁃ larization，nerve injury and tumor. Corneal diseases often accompanied with neovascular infiltration，inflammatory reaction，and nerve damage. At present，the application of PEDF in the treatment of corneal diseases has gradually become a research hotspot. This paper reviews the research progress in this area.

Objective To analyze the expression differences of ANXA1 mRNA and protein between glio⁃ blastoma and normal brain tissue，and the relationship between ANXA1 expression in glioblastoma and prognosis of glioblastoma patients，and to investigate the effects of ANXA1 on the proliferation，migration，invasion and apoptosis of glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Methods （1）The expression of glioblastoma tissues and normal brain tissues and corresponding clinical data were obtained from public databases. The difference of ANXA1 mRNA expression between glioblastoma tissues and normal brain tissues，and the difference of survival time of glioblastoma patients between high and low ANXA1 mRNA expression groups were compared.（2）The localization of ANXA1 protein in U251 cells was obtained from the Human Protein Atlas Public database. The expression of ANXA1 pro⁃ tein in glioblastoma tissues and adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.（3）Glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251 were cultured in vitro，and ANXA1⁃ siRNA knockdown ANXA1 gene expression was constructed and transferred into U87 and U251 cells. qRT⁃PCR and western blotting were used to detect mRNA and protein expression. Cell counting kit（CCK⁃8），Transwell and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation，cell migration and invasion，and cell apoptosis，respectively. Results （1）ANXA1 mRNA expression was significantly up⁃regulated in glioblastoma tissues in TCGA，Rembrandt and GSE16011 cohorts，showing statistical significance （P<0.05）. In addition，the overall survival time of patients with high ANXA1 mRNA expression was significantly lower than that of patients with low ANXA1 mRNA expression in all the three cohorts（P<0.001）.（2）qRT ⁃PCR and western blotting showed that compared with that in the negative control group，the expression level of ANXA1 in the ANXA1⁃siRNA group was significantly decreased，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.001）. （3）CCK ⁃8 detection results showed that after knockdown of ANXA1 expression，the proliferation ability of U87 and U251 cells was significantly lower than that of negative control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.001）. Transwell cell migration assay showed that the migration of U87 and U251 cells was lower than that of corresponding negative control group after knockdown of ANXA1 expression（experimental group： （25.40 ± 2.70），（11.20 ± 4.44）；negative control group：（55.20 ± 8.70），（32.20 ± 8.11）and invasion［experi⁃ mental group：（19.60 ± 3.21），（12.80 ± 4.66）；negative control group：（43.40 ± 5.13），（38.6 ± 7.37）］were significantly lower than those of the negative control group，indicating statistical significance（P < 0.001）. The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic cells（11.84 ± 2.50）% and（29.96 ± 2.57）% in the U87 and U251 cell groups were significantly higher than those in the corresponding negative control group（7.42 ± 2.56）% and（18.39 ± 1.89）%，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion ANXA1 is up⁃ regulated in glioblastoma tissues and is associated with poor prognosis. Down⁃regulation of ANXA1 gene expression can inhibit the proliferation，migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells，and promote the apoptosis of glioblastoma cells.

Objective To observe the proliferation，metastasis，invasion，angiogenesis and PI3K/AKT signal pathway changes of human cervical cancer cell HeLa transfected with pcDNA⁃STC1 by ultrasound microbub⁃ ble contrast agent. Methods GEPIA database was used to analyze the expression level of STC1 in cervical cancer tissues and the prognosis and survival in patients. 80 patients with cervical cancer who had been treated in our hos⁃ pital from January 2019 to October 2019 were selected as research objects. The cancer and adjacent tissues were collected. Expression of STC1 mRNA was detected by qRT⁃PCR，and the relationship between STC1 mRNA expres⁃ sion and clinical pathological factors was analyzed. HeLa cells were divided into three groups. Blank control group： HeLa cells were normally cultured without any treatment；negative control group（HeLa⁃pcDNA⁃NC）：5% micro⁃ bubble concentration plus 2μg empty plasmid plus serum⁃free DMEM medium；and study group（HeLa⁃pcDNA⁃ STC1）：5% microbubble concentration plus 2μg pcDNA⁃STC1 plasmid plus serum⁃free DMEM medium. MTT assay and the number of cancer cell monoclones were used to detect cell proliferation. Scratch test was used to de⁃ tect cell migration ability；Transwell chamber test was used to detect the invasion ability of cells. Matrigel tube forming experiment in vitro was used to detect the angiogenesis ability of cells. The expressions of p⁃PI3K，p⁃AKT， MMP⁃2，MMP⁃9，VEGF，and angiopoietin⁃2（Ang2）were detected by Western blot. Results GEPIA database showed that the expression level of STC1 in cervical cancer tissues was lower than that in normal tissues，and the prognosis and survival were negatively correlated with the expression level of STC1. As compared with the normal cervical tissues adjacent to cancer，the expression of STC1 mRNA in cervical cancer tissue and STC1 was down⁃ regulated，and the level of miR⁃574⁃5p was negatively correlated with STC1 level，and significantly correlated with tumor differentiation，FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis. As compared with the blank control and nega⁃ tive control groups，the OD value in the study group decreased at 48，72 and 96 hours. Few cell clones was pro⁃ duced. The migration rate and the number of cell invasion decreased. The angiogenesis ability decreased，and the expressions of MMP ⁃ 2，MMP ⁃9，VEGF，Ang2，p ⁃ PI3K and p ⁃AKT were down ⁃ regulated（P<0.05）. Conclu⁃sions Ultrasound microbubble contrast agent carrying pcDNA⁃STC1 transfection can obviously inhibit the prolifer⁃ ation，metastasis，invasion and angiogenesis of human cervical cancer cell HeLa，and its mechanism may be in⁃ volved in inhibiting PI3K/AKT signal pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of monocytes treated by extracorporeal photochemotherapy on rejection in rat kidney transplantation. Methods A model of rat kidney transplantation was surgically established. The mononuclear cells from recipient rats were isolated and treated with 8⁃methoxyporalen plus ultraviolet exposure （ECP）. The rats were randomly divided into four groups（12 for each group）according to intravenous infusion of different compositions. Group 1 received ECP，group 2 received traditional anti⁃rejection drugs，group 3 received phoaphate buffer solution（PBS，placebo group），and group 4 received no renal transplantation. Group 2 was injected with cyclosporine A of 5 mg/kg subcutaneously from postoperative day 1 for 10 days. The other three groups were injected with ECP，PBS，or normal saline for 7 presurgical days，on the surgical day，and for 7 postsurgical days through the tail vein，respectively. Changes in lymphocyte count，cytokine，renal function and pathology were observed in transplanted mice. Results Levels of IL⁃2，inf⁃γ，CD4+ ，and CD8+ were decreased，while IL⁃10 level increased in groups 1 and 2. The degree of rejection was slighter in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3. There were significant differences among the different groups. Conclusions ECP can regulate cytokines and T cells and reduce rejection of kidney transplantation in rats.

Objective To explore the difference between metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing（mNGS） and traditional culture etiological diagnosis in patients with severe pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）and the impact of mNGS results on the adjustment of antibiotic strategy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients with severe pneumonia who had received both traditional BALF culture and mNGS during hospitalization in the department of critical care medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from August 2019 to April 2021. The differences between mNGS and culture findings were compared，and the positive rate，consistency and antibiotic regimen adjustment were analyzed. Results A total of 75 patients were enrolled. The positive rate was 97.3% for mNGS and 41.3% for traditional culture. The positive rate of bacterial detec⁃ tion was 94.7% for mNGS and 38.7% for traditional culture. The most common detectable fungus was Pneumocystis jirovecii（24.0%）in mNGS. The positive rate of rare bacteria，atypical bacteria，fungi and viruses was much higher in mNGS than in traditional culture. The consistency of etiological detection results between the two groups was poor （Kappa = 0.038，P = 0.229），and more types of microorganisms were detectable by mNGS than by traditional culture. Based on mNGS test results，antibiotic regimens were adjusted in 69% of the patients. Conclusions mNGS has a higher sensitivity in the etiological detection in patients with severe pneumonia，especially for those with immu⁃ nosuppression. And mNGS is helpful for clinicians to adjust antibiotic strategies for patients with severe pneumonia.

Objective To explore the effects of antiretroviral therapies with TDF or TAF and without TDF and TAF on CK ⁃MB and CK in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on newly treated HIV/AIDS patients from June 2020 to December 2020 in the outpatient department of Changsha First Hospital. The general data of 365 HIV/AIDS patients were analyzed. Levels of CK ⁃ MB and CK at baseline and weeks 12，24，and 48 were collected respectively，so were the baseline and 48⁃week electrocardiogram and color Doppler echocardiography. Results Among 365 HIV/AIDS patients，326 were male and 39 were female. The aver⁃ age age was（32.56 ± 10.20）years. CK ⁃MB was different in different treatment periods（F = 26.58，P < 0.05）. There was interaction between different antiviral treatment periods and antiviral regimens（F = 95.57，P < 0.05）. There was a difference in CK⁃MB among different antiviral regimens（F = 174.98，P < 0.05），in which the CK⁃MB in the TDF⁃containing group became higher and higher as the prolonged treatments. There was no difference in CK among different treatment periods（F = 3.14，P = 0.07）. There was no interaction between different antiviral regi⁃ mens and antiviral regimens（F = 1.81，P = 0.16）. However，there were differences in CK among different antivi⁃ ral regimens（F = 4.47，P = 0.01）. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of ECG abnormalities at baseline and week 48 among different ART protocols（χ2 = 0.58，P = 0.75；χ2 = =3.14，P = 0.21）. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of cardiac color ultrasound abnormalities at baseline and week 48 between different ART protocols（χ2 = 1.32，P = 0.52；χ2 = 0.58，P = 0.75）. Conclusions Different anti⁃virus therapies have impacts on CK ⁃MB and CK in HIV/AIDS patients，especially the TDF ⁃ containing therapy shows a greater impact，but it has no significant impact on ECG and cardiac color ultrasound.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of modified nutrition risk in the critically ill（mNUTRIC）score in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods Clinical data of 252 patients after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were collected from June 2020 to August 2022 in the intensive care unit（ICU）of Maoming Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University. Patients were divided into high and low nutritional risk groups based on modified NUTRIC score within 24 hours of ICU admission. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to evaluate the performance of modified NUTRIC score on hospital mortality in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Results The rate of renal replacement therapy，duration of mechanical ventila⁃ tion，length of ICU stay and hospital mortality in the high nutritional risk group were higher than those in the low nutritional risk group（P < 0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that mNUTRIC score was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass（P < 0.05）. The area under the curve predicted by the mNUTRIC score was 0.824，with a sensitivity and specificity of 65.0% and 89.6%，respectively. Conclusions mNUTRIC score is a good predictor of hospital mortality in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and is expected to be used in clinical application as an evaluation index after cardiac surgery. 

Objective Cone beam computed tomography（CBCT）technology was used to measure the inclination angle of mandibular molars before and after orthodontic treatment of Angle Class Ⅰand skeletal class malocclusion，in order to obtain the ideal range of inclination angle of mandibular molars after orthodontic treat⁃ ment of malocclusion patients，improve the curative effect. Methods The CBCT scanning data of 28 patients with angle classⅠand skeletal classⅠmalocclusion were screened，and the images were corrected，reconstructed and measured. The mesial and distal inclination angles of mandibular molars were measured and statistically analyzed. Results The initial inclination angles of the mandibular first molar and mandibular second molar before orthodontic treatment were（13.9 ± 6.07）° and（19.0 ± 7.64）°，and the postoperative inclination angles of the mandibular first molar and mandibular second molar were（10.8 ± 6.07）° and（15.0 ± 8.38）° respectively. There is a statistical differ⁃ ence between the inclination angles of the mandibular first molar and second molar before and after treatment. There was no statistical difference in the initial inclination angle of mandibular molar inclination between adults and juveniles and also no statistical difference between patients with different mandibular plane angle patterns. Conclusion CBCT can directly，conveniently and accurately measure the axial inclination of mandibular molars， and obtain the ideal axial inclination range of mandibular first and second molars which is necessary for orthodontics.

Objective To determine the expression of androgen receptor（AR）in early triple negative breast cancer（TNBC）and its relationship with clinicopathologic features and prognosis. Methods The clinical data on 185 patients with early TNBC treated in Taihe Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The relationship between AR expression and the clinicopathological features was analyzed based on the results of immunohistochemistry，and the influence of AR on prognosis was investigated. Results Of the 185 patients diagnosed with early TNBC，54（29.2%）were AR positive. As compared with AR negative patients，AR positive patients had lower histological grade，smaller tumor size，lower lymph node metastasis rate，and lower expressions of p53 and Ki⁃67（P < 0.05）. AR expression was not associated with age，menstruation，vascular cancer thrombus，chemotherapy and radiation（P > 0.05）. During a follow⁃up of median 63 months，41 cases（22.2%） developed recurrence and 27（4.6%）were dead. The patients with positive AR had longer disease⁃free survival and overall survival than those with negative AR（P < 0.05）. The multivariate Cox analysis showed that AR was an in⁃ dependent risk factor affecting the overall survival in patients with TNBC（P < 0.05）. Conclusions AR⁃positive expression in early TNBC patients was associated with good prognosis clinicopathological indicators includinglower histological grade，smaller tumor diameter and lower Ki ⁃67 proliferation index. It was an independent prognostic factor，suggesting that AR may be a new prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for early TNBC.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Multiloc intramedullary nail and plate in the treatment of postoperative non⁃infectious nonunion of humeral shaft fracture. Methods The data of 43 patients with non⁃ infective nonunion after internal fixation of humeral shaft fracture treated by the Orthopaedic Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region people′s Hospital from May 2019 to May 2021，including 23 males and 20 females， ranging in age from 34 to 77 years，with an average of 42.1 years，were analyzed retrospectively. According to the mode of internal fixation，all patients were divided into two groups：Multiloc intramedullary nail group（n = 22） and steel plate group（n = 21）. The treatment effect was evaluated by comparing the operation time，intraoperative blood loss，fracture healing time，Mayo elbow score，Constant⁃Murley shoulder function score and visual pain sim⁃ ulation score between the two groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time in the Multi⁃ loc intramedullary nail group were lower than those in the plate group，and the Mayo elbow score was higher than that in the plate group，but there was no significant difference in operation time，Constant⁃Murley score and VAS score between the two groups. There was one case of radial nerve injury in each of the two groups，which recovered after 3 months of follow⁃up，and all patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months（mean 16.8 months）. At the last follow⁃up，there were no postoperative infection，fracture nonunion，nerve injury and other complications in both groups. all patients with nonunion healed during the follow⁃up period. Conclusion Compared with plate internal fixation，Multiloc intramedullary nail in the treatment of non⁃infectious nonunion of humeral shaft fracture can reduce intraoperative blood loss，shorten fracture healing time and improve elbow joint function. Under the premise of appropriate indications，it can be used as one of the clinical methods for the treatment of non ⁃infectious non⁃ union of humeral shaft fracture.

Objective To investigate the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase⁃like orphan receptor 2 in the papillary thyroid carcinoma and its clinical significance. Methods The expression level of ROR2 protein in the PTC tissues and normal thyroid tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The clinic pathologi⁃ cal characteristics of PTC patients with different expression levels were compared. The relationship between the level of ROR2 protein expression and postoperative recurrence of PTC patients was analyzed by Kaplan Meier method. The influencing factors of postoperative recurrence of PTC was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard regression. Results The positive expression rate of ROR2 protein in the PTC tissues was 74.46%，which was significantly higher than that in the normal thyroid tissues（13.75%）（χ2 = 83.419，P < 0.001），and the high expression rate of ROR2 protein in the PTC tissues was significantly higher than that in the normal thyroid tissue. High expression of ROR2 protein was positively correlated with multiple lesions，capsule invasion，lymph node metastasis，distant metastasis， and higher TNM stage in the PTC patients. The high expression of ROR2 protein was an independent risk factor of postoperative RFS（HR = 2.143，95%CI：1.119 ~ 4.597，P < 0.001）. The RFS rate of the patients with high expres⁃ sion of ROR2 protein was significantly lower than that of the patients with low expression（χ2 = 4.073，P = 0.044）. Conclusion The high expression rate of ROR2 protein in PTC tissues is significantly higher than that in normal thyroid tissues. The high expression of ROR2 protein is positively correlated to such adverse events in the disease progression as multiple lesions，capsule invasion，lymph node metastasis，distant metastasis，and higher TNM stage. High expression of ROR2 protein is an independent risk factor of postoperative recurrence of PTC，indicating that ROR2 protein can be potentially used as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of PTC.

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in blood⁃ stream infection inpediatric hematology department，providing references of clinical empirical medication. Methods In this study，we retrospectively analyzed the BSI in children with hematological diseases from 2016 to 2021 at the second hospital of Anhui Medical University，including an assessment of the clinical characteristics，distribution of pathogens，and antibiotic resistance data. Results There were 145 patients with BSI，155 strains of pathogenic were isolated from the patients，including 92 strains（59.3%）of gram⁃negative bacteria and 59strains（38.1%）of gram ⁃ positive bacteria. The top four proportion of pathogenic bacteria were coagulase ⁃ negative staphylococcus （20%），Klebsiella pneumonia（16.1%），Escherichia Coli（13.5%），and Pseudomonas aeruginosa（9.7%）. Thepro⁃ portion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased gradually. The patients of acute myeloid leukemia（AML）were more likely to be infected with gram⁃positive bacteriathan than acute lymphoblastic leukemia（ALL）. There were 66.7% and 40.0% Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia Coli with extended⁃spectrum β⁃lactamase⁃producing respectively. Susceptibility rates of Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia Coli to carbapenems were 88.0% and 100.0%. Resis⁃ tance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem were 26.6% and 13.3% respectively. Detection rate of Methicillin ⁃ resistant coagulase ⁃ negative staphylococci（MRCNS）and Methicillin ⁃ resistant staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）were 81.1% and 32.4% respectively. No bacteria with vancomycin⁃resistant and linezolid⁃resistant were found in staphylococcus. Conclusions The main pathogenic bacteriaof BSI hospitalized in the pediatric hema⁃ tology department is gram ⁃ negative bacteria，proportion of some species has increasing tendency. The patients of AML are more likely to be infected with gram⁃positive bacteria than the patients of ALL. Antibiotics should be selected rationally based on the diseases，distribution of pathogens and drug resistance.

Objective To analyze the clinic pathological features and long⁃term prognosis in lupus nephri⁃ tis（LN）children of different gender. Methods The clinical and pathological data on children with LN treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat⁃sen University from January 1，2003 to December 31，2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results In the 343 children，the male to female ratio was 1∶4.04. Girls had a higher incidence of alope⁃ cia and photosensitivity than boys（P < 0.05），whereas boys showed a higher rate of thrombocytopenia and in⁃ creased serum creatinine（P = 0.042）. A total of 227 children，including 54 boys and 173 girls，underwent renal biopsy. There was no significant difference in pathological types between boys and girls（P = 0.089）. Leucocyte in⁃ filtration and nuclear fragmentation were more common in boys（P < 0.05）. There were no significant differences in the rates of remission and relapse after induction therapy and the long⁃term prognosis between boys and girls（P > 0.05）. Conclusions The clinic pathological features differed in LN children of different gender. Boys were prone to severer hematologic and kidney diseases. The effectiveness of induction treatment and the long⁃term prognosis were similar between boys and girls with LN.

Objective To investigate the association of physical fitness levels with gut microbiota and find out the bacterial taxa with potential of improving physical fitness. Methods 44 healthy adult men were recruited for this study and the data on physical fitness was obtained. They were assigned to a high or low physical fitness group by using latent profile analysis. High⁃throughput sequencing was used to detect 16S rDNA collected from the fecal samples of volunteers before physical test. The alpha or beta diversity of intestinal flora was analyzed to deter⁃ mine the differences in gut flora between the two groups. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size was applied to screen the taxa contributing more to the diversity，which were considered as closely related to physical fitness level. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation among the richness of taxa that contribute more to diversity and indexes related to physical fitness. Results There wahs no significant difference in the alpha diversity of gut flora between the two groups，whereas the beta diversity differed significantly. Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group and Clostridia UCG⁃014 were related to higher level of physical fitness，while Olsenella，Bacteroi⁃ des stercoris and Eubacterium ventriosum group were associated with lower lever of physical fitness. The richness of taxa related to better physical fitness condition appeared to be negatively correlated with that of worse physical fitness condition，and the latter showed a stronger correlation with indexes related to physical fitness than the former. Conclusions The composition of microbiota planted in gastrointestinal tract was associated with physical fitness. Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group could be considered as latent taxa to help improve physical fitness condition.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of cisplatin and pemetrexed combined with recombinant human endostatin injection in the treatment of elderly lung adenocarcinoma，and its effect on the expression levels of circulating tumor cells（CTC），epithelial cell transformation sequence 2（ECT2）and cyclooxygenase⁃2（COX⁃2）. Methods 102 elderly patients with lung adenocarcinoma had been hospitalized between March 2019 and March 2022 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into two groups（a control group and an observation group，51 for each group）according to the random number table method. The control group was treated with con⁃ ventional cisplatin plus pemetrexed，while the observation group received recombinant human endostatin injection in addition to cisplatin and pemetrexed. Circulating tumor cells（CTC），epithelial cell transformation sequence 2 （ECT2），cyclooxygenase ⁃2（COX ⁃2），vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF），matrix metalloproteinase ⁃9 （MMP⁃9），programmed death ligand 1（PD⁃L1），toxic and adverse reactions，and short⁃term efficacy were com⁃ pared between the two groups. Results After treatment，the detection values of CTC，ECT2，COX ⁃2，VEGF， MMP⁃9 and PD⁃L1 were lower in the observation group than in the control group，and the differences were statisti⁃ cally significant（t = 28.255，4.896，18.811，34.134，12.524，15.614，P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the total incidence of toxic and adverse reactions between the two groups（χ2 = 1.253，P > 0.05）. The RR and DCR were higher in the observation group than in the control group，and the differences were statistically signifi⁃ cant（χ2 = 11.429，7.809，P < 0.05）. Conclusion The combination therapy with cisplatin，pemetrexed and recombinant human endostatin injection can further reduce the expression levels of CTC，ECT2 and COX⁃2 in elderly patients with lung adenocarcinoma，which has a positive impact on improving the effect of disease control and short⁃term efficacy. The safety of medications is higher，which is worthy of promotion and application.

Objective To investigate the effect of scalp nerve block（SNB）combined with dexmedeto⁃ midine（Dex） injection on postoperative recovery quality in patients undergoing supratentorial tumor resection. Methods Based on factorial trail design，160 patients who were scheduled for supratentorial tumor resection were randomly divided into four groups：control group（C group C），scalp nerve block group（SNB group），dexmedetomidine group（Dex group）and scalp nerve block combined with dexmedetomidine group（SNB+Dex group）. Then，the 40⁃item Quality of Recovery Score（QoR40 score）was used to evaluate the recovery quality 1 day before operation （D0），and 1，3 and 7 d after operation（D1，D3 and D7）. The serum concentration of markers of nerve injury ［S100β protein，glial fibrillary acid protein（GFAP）］was detected right and 24 h after operation. The two groups were compared as well in terms of the score by the numerical rating scale（NRS）24 h and 48 h after operation， frequency of analgesia，incidence of adverse events，use of vasoactive agents，incidence of coughing and agitation during extubation，nausea and vomiting（PONV）within 48 h after operation as well as the postoperative hospitaliza⁃ tion stay. Results In D1 and D3，the interaction between SNB and Dex on total score of QoR⁃40 scale was signifi⁃ cant（P < 0.05），but the interaction between the two factors was not significantly at D7（P > 0.05），and their main effects were significant（P < 0.05）. As for serum S100β and GFAP concentrations，the Dex main effect was significant at D1（P < 0.05），and the SNB main effect and the two⁃factor interaction were not significant（P > 0.05）. The incidence of intraoperative hypertension，tachycardia，utilization rate of vasoactive drugs，coughing and agita⁃ tion during extubation in SNB+Dex group were significantly lower than those in C group（P < 0.05）. The frequency of postoperative analgesic drugs in SNB group and SNB +Dex group was significantly lower than that in C group （P < 0.05）. The postoperative NRS score at 48 h of the other three groups was significantly lower than that of C group（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of PONV and the length of hospitalization stay during 48 h after surgery（P > 0.05）. Conclusion SNB combined with Dex injection can improve the early postoperative QoR⁃40 score in patients undergoing supratentorial tumor resection，reduce the serum concentration of nerve injury markers，reduce the incidence of perioperative adverse events，alleviate postoperative pain，lower the use of analgesic drugs and improve the early postoperative recovery.

Objective To analyze and compare the effect and safety of the rituximab researched drug （Rituxan® ）and domestic biosimilar（Hanlikang® ）combined with CHOP regimen in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B⁃cell lymphoma（DLBCL）. Methods The newly diagnosed DLBCL patients who received R⁃CHOP treatment were collected into our study and divided into 3 groups：R group（Rituxan® treatment group）（n = 40），H group（Hanlikang® treatment group）（n = 34），R/H group（Rituxan®/Hanlikang® treatment group）（n = 27）. The main indicators were collected［complete remission rate（CR），partial remission rate（PR） were recorded at the 4th cycle（C4）and at the end of chemotherapy，and the overall response rate（overall response rate，ORR）］and secondary indicators［2 years after treatment，the progression free survival rate（PFS）and total survival（overall survival，OS），adverse events］were recorded and compared. Results The patients in the group R，group H and group R/H were followed upfor at least 2 years，the follow⁃up rates were 100.00%.There was no significant difference in CR，PR，ORR in the middle and end of treatment，2 year⁃PFS，2⁃year OS and adverse events within 3 groups（all P > 0.05）. Conclusion Both the original research drug rituximab（Rituxan® ）and the domestic biosimilar（Hanlikang® ）can be used in combination with CHOP regimen in the treatment of newly diag⁃ nosed DLBCL patients，the efficacy and safety of both are comparable.

Objective To observe the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine on catheter ⁃ related bladder discomfort（CRBD），to explore the appropriate dose of dexmedetomidine during operation. Methods A total of 303 male patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia and planned to insert catheter were selected and randomly divided into four groups：normal saline control group（group A），dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/（kg·h） group（group B），0.4 μg/（kg·h）group（group C），and 0.6 μg/（kg·h）group（group D）. Groups B，C and D were infused with loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg before induction（completed by intravenous pumping within 10 min），and then were continuously pumped with 0.2 μg/（kg·h），0.4 μg/（kg· h），0.6 μg/（kg·h）respectively. Group A was given the same amount of normal saline. The infusion was stopped until 30 minutes before the end of the operation. The incidence and severity of CRBD were evaluated at the postanesthesia care unit（PACU）（T0）， 1 h（T1），6 h（T2），and 24 h（T3）after operation. Intraoperative drug use and postoperative adverse events were recorded. Results The incidence of CRBD，at T0，T2，there were differences between group A and B，group A and C，and group A and D（P < 0.05）. At T1，there were differences between group A and group B，group A and group C，group A and group D，and between group B and group D（P < 0.05）. At T3，there were differences between group A and group C，and group A and group D（P < 0.05）. At T0，T1 and T2，the incidences of moderate to severe CRBD in group D were statistically different from group A（P < 0.05）. The NRS scores of the four groups at T0，T1 and T2 were statistically significant（P < 0.05）. At T3，the control group was higher than that of the dexme⁃ detomidine group，but there was no significant difference between the dexmedetomidine groups. The use of remifen⁃ tanil and propofol decreased with the increase of dexmedetomidine dose，which was statistically significant among the four groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the four groups （P > 0.05）. Conclusions Intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine can reduce the incidence of postoper⁃ ative CRBD，The dose of 0.6 μg/（kg · h）can reduce the incidence and severity of CRBD，and this dose can improve the comfort of patients without related adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate the value of conventional magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）and diffusion tensor imaging（DTI）in the quantitative diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica（NMO）with normal spinal cord as control. Methods 20 NMO patients（NMO group）and 20 healthy people（control group）from September 2020 to March 2022 were selected，and they all underwent routine MRI and DTI examinations. The routine MRI performance，average diffusion coefficient（ADC），partial anisotropy（FA），and average diffusion rate（MD） were calculated in both groups；the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）and area under ROC（Area under ROC）were used to analyze the diagnostic value of conventional MRI and DTI quantitative parameters. The parame⁃ ters of the highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were screened out and they were combined with serological NMO⁃IgG to analyze their diagnostic value for NMO. Results The ADC and MD were higher in the NMO group than in the control group，while the FA value was lower（P < 0.05）；Conventional MRI had the highest specificity of 100.00% for the diagnosis of NMO，ADC had the highest sensitivity of 90.00% for the diagnosis of NMO，and the AUC of 0.811 was the highest. The combined diagnosis of both methods further increased the AUC of 0.918； the AUC of positive serum NMO ⁃ IgG plus conventional MRI and ADC was 0.955，with the sensitivity of 90.00% and the specificity of 95.00%. Conclusion Conventional MRI and DTI quantitative parameters can be used in the early diagnosis of NMO. The clinical combination of serum NMO⁃IgG can be applied for early auxiliary diagnosis to improve the diagnostic efficiency and it provides a reliable basis for the development of individualized therapies.

Objective To analyze the association between serum soluble programmed death ligand⁃1（sPD⁃ L1）expression levels and the clinical characteristics of vitiligo. Methods A total of 38 patients with vitiligo and 38 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum sPD ⁃ L1 level was determined by enzyme ⁃ linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）and analyzed in terms of the characteristics of vitiligo. Results The serum sPD ⁃ L1 levels in patients with vitiligo were significantly upregulated compared with those in the healthy controls［19.40（11.00，32.60）pg/mL vs. 16.20（9.10，19.90）pg/mL，P = 0.043］. Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum sPD⁃L1 level higher than 17.80 pg/mL is a risk factor for vitiligo（odds ratio = 3.46，95% confidence interval：1.32，9.05）. Serum sPD⁃L1 level was positively correlated with the lesion area（r = 0.336，P = 0.039）and age at disease onset（r = 0.347， P = 0.033）. Serum sPD⁃L1 levels in patients with rapidly progressive vitiligo were higher than in those with non⁃ rapidly progressive vitiligo［23.16（8.39，99.84）pg/mL vs. 12.89（2.38，72.91）pg/mL，P = 0.026］. Muti⁃variant linear regression analysis revealed that the disease activity and age of onset of vitiligo influenced the serum level of sPD⁃L1. Conclusions Elevated serum sPD⁃L1 was a risk factor for vitiligo. Serum sPD⁃L1 was positively correlated with age of onset of vitiligo and disease activity，and may be involved in the immune pathogenesis of vitiligo and the disease activity.

Objective To explore the predictors and prevalence of intimate partnerviolence（IPV）among women with infertility. Methods Questionnaires including sociodemographic characteristics，clinical data，social support，reproductive pressure，and IPV was delivered to infertile women treated at the Reproductive Center of Guangdong Women and Children′s Hospital. Results A total of 343 valid questionnaires were recovered，and 126 （35.0%）interviewees had experienced IPV. The incidence of psychological violence was the highest（111 cases， 32.4%）followed by physical violence（31 cases，9.0%），injury（22 cases，6.4%），and sexual violence（12 cases， 3.5%）. Regression analysis showed that spouse smoking（P = 0.004，OR = 2.005）and reproductive pressure（P = 0.013，OR = 1.043）were risk factors for IPV among infertile women，and spouse age（P = 0.022，OR = 0.948）and social support（P < 0.001，OR = 0.940）were protective factors. Conclusions The incidence of IPV among infertile women is 35.0% ，which is influenced by various factors. In clinical practice，infertile women who have experi⁃ enced IPV need to be effectively identified and given adequate support and care.

Mitochondrial quality control system is a key mechanism for maintaining mitochondrial homeo⁃ stasis and function in eukaryotic cells. Cardiomyocytes are the main components of myocardial tissue，and their nor⁃ mal relaxation，contraction，and electrophysiological maintenance are highly dependent on mitochondrial energy metabolism pathway. Recent studies have shown that cardiac senescence is closely related to extensive mitochondri⁃ al damage and dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Therefore，an imbalance of myocardial mitochondrial quality control system may be a key link leading to cardiac senescence. This article summarizes the potential relationship between mitochondrial quality control mechanism and cardiac aging，and reviews the latest research progress and interven⁃ tion strategies for cardiac aging based on mitochondrial quality control pathway.