The ongoing COVID⁃19 pandemic is a serious threat to human health，and older people with un⁃ derlying diseases are the most vulnerable，especially those with chronic respiratory diseases，showing significantly increased severe illness rates and case fatality rates. Existing epidemiological data show that the underlying diseases and comorbidities are often closely associated with the prognosis of COVID⁃19. Chronic respiratory diseases，such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，bronchiectasis，pulmonary tuberculosis，interstitial lung diseases and lung cancer，as well as the underlying status such as smoking，are not only high risk factors for severe and critical COVID⁃19，but also contribute to the significantly increased disease burden.This article aims to briefly review the current status and progress of research on the co⁃morbidity risk and disease burden of chronic respiratory diseases and COVID⁃19.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of children infected with coronavirus disease 2019（COVID⁃19）and to analyze the differences between children vaccinated against coronavirus vaccine and those not vaccinated. Methods Sixty⁃six COVID⁃19 cases（< 14⁃year⁃old）who were admitted to Hangzhou Sixth People′s Hospitalfrom January 21，2020 to April 28，2022 were selected and assigned to vaccinated group （n = 40）and unvaccinated group（n = 26）according to whether they had received vaccine or not. The clinical characteristics，laboratory data and average hospitalstays were compared between the two groups. Results There was no statistical significance in the incidence of clinical symptoms between the two groups（P > 0.05）；the count of white blood cells，lymphocytes，neutrophils and eosinophils were decreased and the count of platelet was increased in both groups，and there was no statistical significance in the decrease rates of the above indicators and the increase rates of platelet counts（P > 0.05）；AST，LDH and CK⁃MB were increasedin all the children between two groups，and the increase rate of LDH in the unvaccinated group was higher than that of the vaccinated group，with statistical significance（P < 0.05），and there was no statistical significance in the increased rates of AST and CK⁃ MB between two groups（P > 0.05）；Statistical significance was found in average hospital stay（10.1 ± 5.5 vs. 16.4 ± 13.0 days，P < 0.01 and IgG antibody titer（147.7 ± 140.9 vs. 79.5 ± 114.1 AU/mL，P < 0.05）between the vacci⁃ nated and unvaccinated group. Conclusions This study showed that the clinical symptoms of children infected with COVID⁃19 were mostly mild，and severe and critical illnesses are less frequent. Most of the children had liver function damage and myocardium inflammation. The inflammatory damage of the children in the vaccinated groupwas milder. The covid⁃19 vaccine may be the key to reduce the inflammatory damage，shorten the hospitalization and fasten physical recovery in children.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia（ALL）is the most common hematologic malignancy in children. The prognosis of ALL in pediatric patients has significantly improved in recent years. However，for pediatric popu⁃ lation with relapsed/refractory ALL，conventional chemotherapy has a low remission rate and provides no promising prognosis. With the emergence of immunotherapy，immunotherapies targeting ALL antigen ⁃associated monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cells have shown to be effective against ALL，significantly improving the prognosis in patients with relapsed/refractory ALL. In this article，we review the immunotherapy for ALL in children.

Objective To explore the effect of long non⁃coding RNA LINP1 on ionizing radiation⁃induced DNA damage in non⁃small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）and provide theoretical basis for novel combination treatment option. Methods H1299 NSCLC cells were transfected with siRNAs.CCK ⁃ 8 assays and colony formation assays were used to check for H1299 cell growth after 8.0 Gy of ionizing radiation.To find the DNA damage in H1299 cells，Western blot and comet assay were used. Results After receiving ionizing radiation（IR），LINP1 was sig⁃ nificantly（P < 0.001）upregulated in H1299 cells. Compared with the control，the proliferation capacity and clon⁃ al formation ability decreased（P < 0.001），while the DNA damage（P < 0.001）was increased significantly（P < 0.001）. Under 8.0 Gy IR treatment，LINP1 knockdown significantly reduced H1299 cell proliferation and clonal formation ability（P < 0.01），as well as DNA damage repair ability（P < 0.001）. Conclusions LINP1 inhibits proliferation and increases IR⁃induced DNA damage in NSCLC cells，while also promoting radioresistance.

Objective To study the regulating effect of young Sca⁃1 bone marrow stem cell on epicardial cell senescence and its mechanism. Methods Young（Y）and old（O）Sca⁃1 bone marrow cell was co⁃cultured with old epicardial cell under hypoxia condition，respectively. The effect of Sca⁃1 bone marrow cell on epicardial cell senescence was detected by immunofluorescent staining，qRT ⁃PCR，and western blot，respectively. Results Compared to O Sca⁃1 bone marrow cell，Y Sca⁃1 cell decreased epicardial cell senescence，with decreased senes⁃ cent cell rate，decreased P27 gene and protein expression，and increased Sirt 1 gene and protein expression（P < 0.05）. More GDNF（Glial cell line⁃Derived Neurotrophic Factor）was found in Y Sca⁃1 cell group when compared to that in O Sca⁃1 cell group（P < 0.05）. The effect of Y Sca⁃1 cell on old epicardial cell senescence was lost when GDNF expression was blocked. Conclusion Young Sca⁃1 bone marrow stem cell decreases old epicardial cell senescence by GDNF.

Objective To explore the expression of KIF26B gene in epithelial ovarian cancer（EOC）and to analyze the association of KIF26B withclinic⁃pathological features，immune cell infiltration in the tumor micro⁃ environment and prognosis. Methods Clinical information and transcriptome data of EOC patients from TCGA （The Cancer Genome Atlas）database were collected. Theassociation of KIF26B with EOC clinicopathological features，related signaling pathways，microenvironmental immune cell infiltration，and survival prognosis was analyzed by proportional risk model（Cox），gene set enrichment（GSEA），CIBERSORT，and KM curves. KIF26B expression in EOC by immunohistochemistry was verified. Results KIF26B mRNA expression in EOC was sig⁃ nificantly higher than that of the normal ovarian tissue（P < 0.05）. KIF26B expression was significantly correlated with FIGO stage，tumor residual foci（RD），poor prognosis，and the proportion of immune infiltrating cells in the microenvironment（P < 0.05），independent of age，pathological grade，and whether postoperative（P > 0.05）. Pathway enrichment showed that KIF26B was involved in mesenchymal cell differentiation，vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF），focal adhesion and other signaling pathways that promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. Multifactorial Cox analysis showed that high KIF26B expression was an independent risk factor for patient prognosis （P < 0.05），and immunohistochemistry further validated that high KIF26B expression in EOC. Conclusion High expression of KIF26B in EOC was an independent risk factor for prognosis and was associated with tumor immune infiltration and EOC recurrence and metastasis. It is assumed that KIF26B could be a prognostic marker and poten⁃ tial therapeutic target for EOC.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of core decompression plus collagen⁃based bone repair materialsand vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）in the treatment of femoral head necrosis（ONFH）in rab⁃ bits. Methods A model ofrabbit ONFH was established by injecting absolute ethanol into the femoral head of 30 rabbits. Then the rabbits were randomly divided intoahealthy control group（group A），model group（group B）， core decompression plusautologous cancellous bone group（group C），core decompression plus collagen ⁃ based bone repair material group（group D），and core decompression plus collagen⁃based bone repair materialandVEGF group（group E），6 in each group. After 8⁃week treatment，the morphology of tissues was observed by hematoxylin and eosin（HE）staining. Rabbit whole blood viscosity（high shear 150 s ⁃1 and low shear 10 s ⁃1 ），plasma viscosity， hematocrit，serum total cholesterol（TC）and triglyceride（TG）were measured. mRNA levels of von Hippel⁃Lindau （VHL），hypoxia⁃inducible factor alpha（HIF⁃1α），VEGF，and basic fibroblast growth factor（bFGF）in femoral head tissue were detected by qRT⁃PCR. Results As compared with groups C and D，whole blood viscosity（high shear 150 s⁃1 and low shear 10 s⁃1 ），plasma viscosity and hematocrit were significantly decreased in group E（P < 0.05）；so were serum TC and TG（P < 0.05）. In comparison with groups C and D，level of VHL mRNA in the femoral head tissue was significantly decreasedin group E，while HIF⁃1α，VEGF and bFGF were significantly increased（P < 0.05）. Conclusions Core decompression combined with collagen⁃based bone repair material and VEGF can effectively accelerate osteogenesis and vascular repair in the injured area of ONFH rabbits and reduce microcirculation disturbance. Its mechanism is related to improvement of lipid metabolism and regulation of VHL/HIF⁃1α/VEGF signal and bFGF expression. 

Objective The study aimed to observe the expression characteristics of Let ⁃7b in the mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease（IBD），and analyze the regulation mechanism of Let⁃7b on heme oxygenase 1/ TB and CNC homology 1（Bach1/HO⁃1）axis in dendritic cells（DCs），so as to explore the mechanism of let⁃7b on MCEC wound repairing. Methods IBD mouse model was established and divided into normal group and model group. DCs cells and mouse colonic epithelial cells were cultured. DCs cells were divided into 7 groups，including Ⅰ：blank control group. Ⅱ：Negative control group of LET⁃7B simulants；Ⅲ：Let⁃7b simulant transfection group； Ⅳ：Negative control group with LET⁃7B inhibitor；Ⅴ：Let⁃7B inhibitor transfection group；Ⅵ：Let⁃7b inhibitor combined with Bach1 inhibitor epberberine hydrochloride（EC）intervention group；Ⅶ：Let⁃7b inhibitor，EC and HO⁃1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin（ZnPP）were co⁃treated in the intervention group. qRT⁃PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of Let ⁃ 7b，Bach1 and HO ⁃1 in colon tissues andculture supernatant of DCs. After cell culture，the supernatant of each group was co⁃cultured with MCEC and then the proliferation rate of colon epithelial cells was detected by 5⁃acetyney ⁃2′ ⁃deoxyuridine（Edu）kit method. Wound healing assay was used to detect the ability of cells to repair injury. The direct binding of Let⁃7b to the 3′UTR region of Bach1 wasanalyzed by luciferase gene reporter assay. Results Let⁃7b expression was decreased in model mice（P < 0.05）， and negatively correlated with Bach1 expression（P < 0.05），while positively correlated with HO ⁃ 1 expression （P < 0.05）. Let⁃7b was overexpressed or inhibited in DCs，and Bach1in culture supernatant was directly negatively regulated by Let⁃7b（P < 0.05），while in culture supernatant，HO⁃1 was positively regulated（P < 0.05）. Mecha⁃ nistic studies showed that Bach1 was the target gene of Let⁃7b in DCs，while HO⁃1 was the downstream target gene. In addition，after the supernatant of cell cultures in each group was co⁃cultured with colon epithelial cells，we observed that Let⁃7b mimic could significantly inhibit the extracellular expression of Bach1 and promote the expres⁃ sion of HO ⁃1 in cell culture supernatant，thereby promoting the proliferation of colonic mucosal epithelial cells and wound healing （all P < 0.05）. Conclusion Let⁃7b inhibits Bach1 of DCs and activates HO⁃1 to promote the proliferation and repair of intestinal mucosal damaged cells. These results suggest that regulation of Let⁃7b /Bach1/ HO⁃1 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for IBD.

Objective To compare the anesthetic effect of modified local infiltration anesthesia with inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia in the extraction of a high impacted third molar in the mandible. Methods Sixty⁃ seven patients undergoing bilateral extraction of medium to high mandibular obstructive teeth were anesthetized with modified local infiltration on one side and inferior alveolar nerve block on the other side. The pain sensation of injection（VAS self⁃assessment），lip and tongue numbness，operation time，anesthesia success rate，and intraop⁃ erative and postoperative pain were recorded and compared between them. Results The success rates of anesthe⁃ sia in the test and control groups were 93.8% and 93.7%，respectively（P = 0.964）. In the control group，3 and 2 patients did not experience intraoperative numbness of the tongue and lower lip，respectively，compared with 37 and 59 in the test group（P < 0.01）. The mean value of pain self⁃rating during anesthetic injection in the test group was significantly lower than in the control group（15.74 vs. 30.19，P < 0.01）. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in pain self⁃assessment values intraoperatively and at 2 hours，6 hours，1 day，2 days，3 days and 7 days postoperatively. Conclusion Modified local infiltration anesthesia for medium to high level man⁃ dibular blocked third molars can achieve similar anesthetic effect as block anesthesia does. It is superior to the block anesthesia，for it is easier to achieve minimal or no pain.

Objective To investigate whether delirium associated with in ⁃ hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods This study used a retrospective cohort. The US Medical Information in Intensive Care database（MIMIC⁃IV）of patients with acute myocardial infarction was used to evaluate the indepen⁃ dent relationship between delirium and in⁃hospital mortality. To evaluate the independent relationship between delir⁃ ium and in ⁃ hospital mortality，inverse probability weighting was applied. Results Acute myocardial infarction patients with delirium had an in⁃hospital mortality rate that was 67% greater than those without delirium（inverse probability weighted result：HR = 1.67，95% CI：1.30 ~ 2.15，P < 0.001）. Sensitivity analyses utilizing Cox regression，adjusted propensity scores，propensity score matching，inverse probability weighting，and double robust analysis models revealed that the HR varied from 1.45 to 1.65. E value of 2.73 indicated that the results remain stable when considered uncontrolled confounding factors.）Conclusion Delirium was independently associ⁃ ated with increased in⁃hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the intensive care unit.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography（ERCP）in the treatment of super elderly（≥ 85 years old）patients with acute obstruc⁃ tive suppurative cholangitis（AOSC）. Methods The clinical data of super elderly AOSC patients（36 cases in the observation group）and AOSC patients（< 85）（79 cases in the control group）treated by ERCP in No. 924 Hospital， Joint Logistics Support Force of the People′ s Liberation Army of China from January 1，2019 to December 31， 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The difficulty and results of ERCP，the incidence and severity of postoperative complications and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results In the observation group，the percentage of operations with level⁃4 difficulty was 41.46%，significantly higher than 28.43% in the control group， showing significant difference（P < 0.05）. The success rate of ERCP in the observation group was 85.37% and that in the control group 90.20%，and there was no statistical difference between the two groups（P > 0.05）. The total incidence of complications after ERCP in the two groups was 9.86%. The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 12.20%，higher than 8.82% in the control group，but there was no significant differencebetween the two groups（P > 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative acute pan⁃ creatitis，bile duct infection and perforation between the two groups（P > 0.05）. The incidence of delayed bleeding in the observation group was 4.88%，which was higher than 0.98% in the control group（P < 0.05）；There was no significant difference in the severity of complications between the two groups（P > 0.05）. The total effective rate of ERCP was 86.11% in the observation group and 89.87% in the control group，indicating no significant difference （P > 0.05）. Conclusion With multidisciplinary collaboration，ERCP is effective，safe and reliable in the treat⁃ ment of super elderly AOSC patients，which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of femoral neck system（FNS）and cannulated compression screw（CCS）in the treatment of Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture. Methods The clinical data on 52 patients with Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture admitted to the Department of Orthopedics and Trauma of the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different internal fixation modes，they were divided into two groups：FNS group（26 patients）， CCS group（26 patients）. The surgical duration，intraoperative blood loss，incision size，figure of X⁃ray fluorosco⁃ py，and time to fracture healing were compared between the two groups. The quality of fracture reduction was assessed by Garden alignment index. The degrees of femoral neck shortening and neck angle loss and rates of femoral head necrosis and fracture nonunion were followed up one year after the procedures. Harris score was used to evaluate the degree of hip function recovery one year after operation. Results There was no significant difference in preoperative general data between the two groups（P > 0.05），which was comparable. The intraoperative figure of fluoroscopy，time to fracture healing，degree of femoral neck shortening，degree of neck angle loss，and Harris score on hip joint one year after surgery were significantly better in FNS group than in CCS group，and intraopera⁃ tive blood loss in CCS group was less than that in FNS group（P < 0.05）. There were no significant differences in postoperative Garden alignment index and rates of femoral head necrosis and fracture nonunion between the two groups（P > 0.05）. Conclusions FNS has a positive short ⁃term clinical efficacy in the treatment of Pauwels Ⅲ type femoral neck fracture. The figure of intraoperative fluoroscopy，degrees of postoperative femoral neck shortening and neck shaft angle loss，and Harris score on hip joint are better than those in the CCS group，which can be used as a preferred scheme for Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture.

Objective To analyze the effectiveness and feasibility of selective multifetal pregnancy reduc⁃ tion（MFPR）in triplet pregnancy with different chorionic properties. Methods A total of 33 patients obtaining triplet pregnancy with different chorionic properties by assisted reproductive technology and undergoing selective MFPR in the Department of Reproductive Medicine，Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital were retrospectively analyzed，including 14 dichorionic⁃triamniotic（DCTA）triplet pregnancies and 19 trichorionic⁃triamniotic（TCTA） triplet pregnancies. Sixty dichorionic⁃diamniotic（DCDA）twin pregnancies without MFPR were collected as con⁃ trols. The pregnancy outcomes，pregnancy complications，and neonatal status were compared among the three groups. Results All thepatients undergoing selective MFPR were successful to have DCDA twin pregnancy after the procedure. Spontaneous pregnancy reduction occurred in 10 DCTA triplet pregnancies（10/14，71.4%）but not in TCTA anytriplet pregnancy（0/19，0.0%）one day aftertheprocedure. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. There were no significant differences in the rates of spontaneous pregnancy reduction and spontaneous abortion among three groups（P > 0.05）. The singleton live birth rate and gestational weekat delivery were significantly higher in the DCTA triplet pregnancy group［75%，（38.3 ± 2.2）weeks］than in the TCTA triplet pregnancy and DCDA twin pregnancy groups［5.3%，（36.6 ± 1.7）weeks；17.5%，（37.1 ± 1.7）weeks）］（P < 0.05）. Conclusions Selective MFPR for patients with DCTA or TCTA triplet pregnancy is safeand feasible. Reduction of one MCDA fetal in patients with DCTA triplet pregnancy might significantly increase spontaneous pregnancy reduction rateinthe other MCDA fetal. The patients with triplet pregnancy should be fully informed the relevantrisk of MFPR，especially those with DCTA triplet pregnancy undergoing reduction of one MCDA fetal.

Objective The study aimed to investigate the carrying situation of pathogenic genes and common variations in the population in Anhui，China，and to explore the application value of expanded carrier screening（ECS）in clinical practice. Methods A total of 517 childbearing ⁃age people with normal phenotypes and no family history of genetic diseases in our hospital from 2021 to 2022 were enrolled for ECS. The first genera⁃ tion sequencing analysis technology based on the capillary electrophoresis platform was used to detect 410 pathogenic variants in 21 genes related to 15 diseases，and the spouses of positive carriers would be recalled for related genetic testing. Results Among 517 childbearing⁃age people receiving ECS and 17 spouses receiving target gene sequenc⁃ ing，94 were identified as carriers of at least one disease，with a total carrier rate of 18.2%（94/517）. The three diseases with the highest carrying rate were hereditary deafness（6.4%，33/517），hepatolenticular degeneration （3.1%，16/517）and congenital adrenal hyperplasia（2.5%，13/517）. A total of 5 high⁃risk couples（3.57%，5/140） were detected. After genetic counseling，2 of them（40%，2/5）chose prenatal diagnosis. The amniotic fluid vali⁃ dation results showed that no pathogenic variation within the designated gene range was detected. Conclusions It is feasible and necessary to implement ECS in clinical practice. Screening of carriers of genetic diseases before preg⁃ nancy or in early pregnancy，combined with prenatal diagnosis and assisted reproduction，can effectively avoid the occurrence of serious genetic diseases.

Objective To analyze the curative efficacy of additional injured vertebral augmentation versus that of additional injured vertebral nail in posterior short segment internal fixation fortraumatic type A thoracolumbar fracture，so as to provide reference for clinical selection. Methods A total of 74 patients with traumatic type A thoracolumbar fracture whohad been admitted to the Department of Orthopedics，the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2019 to June 2021 were selected. 33 of who munder went posterior short seg⁃ mental internal fixation plus injured vertebra augmentation（injured vertebra augmentation group）and 41 underwent posterior short segmental internal fixation plus injured vertebra fixation（injured vertebra nail group）. The surgical duration，intraoperative blood loss，weight⁃bearing time，visual analogue scale（VAS）score，Chinese Oswestry Dis⁃ ability Index（ODI），vertebral compression rate，Cobb Angle of injured vertebrae，and the increased angle in Cobb Angle of injured vertebrae one year after the procedures were assessed. Results The average follow ⁃ up was 17.7 months. There was a significant difference in weight ⁃bearing time between the two groups（P < 0.05）. The weight ⁃ bearing time in the injured vertebra nail group was earlier than that in the injured vertebra augmentation group. The postoperative low back pain（VAS score），functional performance（ODI score），Cobb angle and vertebral compres⁃ sion ratio were significantly improved inboth groups，but there was no significant difference between the two groups （P > 0.05）. In addition，although the Cobb angle and vertebral compression ratio of the fractured vertebrae were significantly corrected one year after the procedures，they were lost at varying degrees ascompared with one week after the procedures，there were no significant differences between the two groups（P > 0.05）. The surgical duration and intraoperative blood loss did not differ significantly between the two groups（P > 0.05）. Conclusions In the treatment of traumatic type A thoracolumbar fractures，the clinical efficacy of the two procedures are similar，but the weight⁃bearing time of additional injured vertebra nail is better than that of additional injured vertebra augmentation. Because the former is simpler and more matured，it is more suitable for clinical promotion. 

Objective The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and complications of neuronavigation frameless stereotactic puncture and drainage in the treatment of a small amount of deep intracerebral hematoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 54 patients（15 ~ 30 mL）with deep cerebral hemorrhage treated in the Department of Neurosurgery of the second affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to December 2021. 28 patients treated with neuronavigation frameless stereotactic puncture and drainage were taken as the study group and 26 patients with conservative treatment were taken as the control group. GCS score 1 week after treatment，mRS score 1 month later and ADL score 3 months later were applied to evaluate the efficacy and prognosis，and the complications of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The hematoma clearance rate after 1 week，GCS score after 1 week，mRS score after 1 month and ADL grade after 3 months in the study group were superior to the conservative group（P < 0.05）. The incidence of pulmonary infection and venous thrombosis of lower extremities in the control group was higher than study group（P < 0.05）. The inci⁃ dence of rebleeding and hydrocephalus in the study group was similar to control group（P > 0.05）. Conclusion For patients with a small amount of deep cerebral hemorrhage with neurological dysfunction，neuronavigation frame⁃ less stereotactic drainage can promote the early recovery of neurological function and reduce complications.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of robotic⁃assisted stereotaxic aspiration and endos⁃ copy⁃assisted debridement of hypertensive small and medium⁃sized hematomas in the basal ganglia. Methods The clinical data of 118 patients with hypertensive small and medium⁃sized hematoma（25 ~ 55 mL）in the basal ganglia who were admitted to South Taihu Hospital，Huzhou University from April 2019 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment methods，they were divided into surgical robot⁃assisted stereo⁃ taxic puncture and aspiration group（study group）and endoscopic hematoma removal group（control group）. The two groups were compared in terms of the general clinical data on admission，the incidence of complications during hospitalization，the length of hospital stay，and the recovery of lower limb muscle strength on the hemiplegic side at the time of discharge. Results There was no significant difference in the average score and hematoma volume between the two groups（P > 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of rebleeding，stress ulcer pulmonary infection，intracranial infection and deep vein thrombosis between the two groups during hospitalization （P > 0.05）. The length of hospital stay in the study group was significantly shorter than that in the control group ［（17.32 ± 4.59）d vs.（26.350 ± 4.93）d，P < 0.05）］. After 6⁃month follow⁃up，the proportion of muscle strength of the lower limbs of the hemiplegic side Ⅳ~Ⅴ in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Surgical robot⁃assisted stereotaxic puncture and aspiration for removing intracerebral hematoma is less traumatic. It can shorten the hospitalization duration，improve the prognosis，and improve the quality of life，thereby worthy of clinical promotion. 

Objective To explore the auxiliary therapeutic effect of the acupuncture therapy of“Tongdu Tiaoshen”in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis（TBM）. Methods Fifty cases with TBM treated with anti⁃ tuberculous chemotherapy plus Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture were assigned into the observation group and another fifty cases with TBM treated only with anti⁃tuberculous chemotherapy into control group. The two groups were com⁃ pared in terms of the scores of Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）syndromes，limb function by FMA，neural function by NIHSS，coma degree by GCS，and the levels of nerve growth factor（NGF），white blood cell count （WBC），protein，glucose and chloride of their cerebrospinal fluid. The therapeutic effect was classified as cure， obvious effect，effectiveness and ineffectiveness. Results The rates of cure，obvious effect，effectiveness and ineffectiveness in the observation group were 22%，36%，32% and 10%，respectively，while the rates in the con⁃ trol group were 10%，20%，56% and 14% respectively. There was significant difference between the group（90% vs. 86%，χ2 = 8.142，P = 0.043）.Before the treatment，there were no significant differences in the scores of TCM， FMA，NIHSS and GCS between the two groups（P > 0.05）. but the differences in the scores were significant in each group between pre⁃treatment and post⁃treatment as well as between the two group after the treatment（P < 0.05）. The CSF cell count in the control group was significantly higher than that in the observation group before the treat⁃ ment（P = 0.004），but the counts of the two group showed no significant difference after the treatment（P = 0.593）. There were no significant differences in CSF pressure，NGF，protein，glucose and chloride between the two groups before the treatment（P > 0.05），while the levels of NGF and chloride in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P < 0.05）after the treatment. There were significant differences in the levels of cerebrospinal fluids between the two groups both before the treatment and after the treatment（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture has an auxiliary therapeutic effect on tuberculous meningitis，possiblydue to its promoting the recovery of nervous system function by improving the biochemical composition of cerebro⁃ spinal fluid. 

目的 探讨围术期内行经皮穴位电刺激（TEAS）对无抽搐电休克治疗的中老年患者中枢神 经损伤和记忆能力的影响。方法 选择电休克治疗的中老年患者随机分为对照组和 TEAS 组，每次电休 克前均在患者双侧内关穴、双侧合谷穴及大椎穴贴上电极片，连接穴位神经刺激仪。TEAS组采用疏密波， 频率 2/15 Hz，强度为 10 ~ 30 mA 调节至以患者疼痛不能耐受的最大水平，电刺激持续 30 min。对照组不 接通电源。于首次电休克前（T1）、和第 6 次电休克次日（T2）行简明精神状态量表（MMSE）和韦氏记忆量 表（WMS）测评；静脉血检测中枢神经特异性蛋白（S100β 蛋白）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）浓度；记录 围术期内不良反应（头痛、头晕、恶心呕吐、肌肉酸痛、发热）总例数。结果 TEAS 组与对照组 T1 时 MMSE 评分（26.92 ± 1.98）分与（27.25 ± 1.60）分，WMS 评分为（87.33 ± 17.86）分与（84.25 ± 16.61）分，差异无统计 学意义（P > 0.05）；T1 时 S100β 蛋白浓度为（0.07 ± 0.03）μg/L 与（0.08 ± 0.02）μg/L，NSE 浓度（15.41 ± 3.61）μg/L 与（15.17 ± 2.07）μg/L，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；在 T2 时 TEAS 组 MMSE 评分为（23.58 ± 4.23）分，高于对照组（19.58 ± 4.80）分，WMS 评分为（82.25 ± 18.68）分，高于对照组（58.67 ± 11.03）分，差异 有统计学意义（P > 0.05）；T2 时 TEAS 组 S100β 蛋白（0.04 ± 0.01）μg/L 低于对照组（0.09 ± 0.03）μg/L、NSE （13.20 ± 2.08）μg/L 低于对照组（16.15 ± 2.24）μg/L，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；TEAS 组围术期内头痛 发生率（0%）与对照组（23.8%），头晕发生率（0%）与对照组（4.35%），比较均差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论 围术期应用经皮穴位电刺激技术可减轻中老年患者电休克术后中枢神经损伤，改善记忆能力。

Immune checkpoint inhibitors（ICIs）have rapidly developed in recent years，but the benefit of monotherapy is limited. On account of the synergistic mechanism between radiotherapy and ICIs，as well as the suc⁃ cessful clinical trial results of PACIFIC，a series of clinical studies on radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy （IRT）have been conducted in non⁃small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）and have yielded satisfactory results. However， the best combination strategy is still up for debate because the research combinations vary. Here we summarize our understanding of the synergistic mechanisms of IRT and review the most recent advances in development and hot⁃button issues in relevant clinical research in order to provide a reference for the clinical application of the IRT model in NSCLC. 

The prevalence of coronary heart disease（CHD）has been rising annually in recent years. One of the most successful treatment options for CHD is percutaneous coronary intervention. In the era of precision medicine，only coronary angiography⁃guided PCI cannot meet the needs of patients for high postoperative survival rate and good living ability. IVUS can provide more accurate and comprehensive information about blood vessels and stents，compensating for many of the shortcomings of coronary angiography（CAG）. In addition，IVUS⁃guided PCI can reduce the amount of contrast agent used，reducing renal injury in patients. The main functions of IVUS include assessing the coronary stenosis or myocardial ischemia，judging the coronary plaque，guiding and optimizing stenting，and so on. Compared with CAG⁃guided PCI，IVUS⁃guided PCI can significantly reduce the mortality of CHD patients and improve their prognosis. However，with the exception of Japan，the IVUS⁃guided PCI application rate is still low. This paper examines the utility and progress of IVUS⁃guided PCI in order to promote its global adoption.