Tumor treating fields（TTFields）are non ⁃invasive local physical antitumor treatment of tumor sites by alternating electric fields of low intensity and medium frequency. In recent years，TTFields have been found to inhibit cell proliferation，induce apoptosis，enhance immune response，inhibit cell metastasis，increase cell membrane permeability，and destroy the blood⁃brain barrier. Glioma is characterized by invasive growth，high malignancy，and high recurrence rate. Studies have shown that TTFields，in combination with chemoradiotherapy and molecularly targeted agents，can improve the prognosis of patients with glioma.In this paper，the antitumor mechanism，clinical advantages，and side effects of TTFields in glioma treatment，and applicable population of TTFields are reviewed. Meanwhile，a new direction of TTFields in glioma research is proposed.

Objective To investigate the expression and effect of CDKN3 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its molecular mechanism. Methods The expression of CDKN33 was analyzed by bioinformatics and immuno⁃ histochemistry. CDKN3 interference plasmid，CDKN3 overexpression plasmid and negative control plasmid were transferred into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell line（HCCC⁃9810）and the transfection effect was detected by western blot. Proliferation and migration ability of HCCC⁃9810 cells were detected by colony formation experiment and healing experiment. The expression of related pathway proteins was detected by western blot. Cell cycle asssay was used to analyze the proportion of cells at various stages. Results CDKN3 was highly expressed in cholangio⁃ carcinoma when compared with that in normal tissues（P < 0.05）. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis showed that CDKN3 was closely related to G2/M checkpoint of cell cycle. Interfering CDKN3 induced G2/M phase arrest of HCCC⁃9810 cells，resulting in decreased proliferation and migration（P < 0.05）. Further studies showed that CDKN3 silence down⁃regulated the activity of CDC25C/CDK1 axis，leading to increased phosphorylation level（P < 0.05）. In addition，CDKN3 overexpression significantly reduced the sensitivity of HCCC⁃9810 cells to cisplatin（P < 0.05）. Conclusion CDKN3 is significantly up⁃regulated in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. CDKN3 may be involved in the development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by regulating the expression of proteins related to G2/M checkpoint.

Objective To study the effect of Cynomorium songaricum polysaccharide（CSP）on the osteo⁃ genic differentiation of MC3T3 ⁃ E1 mouse osteoblast cell line through PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β ⁃ catenin pathway. Methods MC3T3⁃E1 was cultured in osteogenic induction fluid with different concentrations of CSP. The cell viability was detected by MTT method on the 1st，3rd，5th，and 7th day. And then the cells were divided into Con group（0 μg/mL CSP），CSP group（100 μg/mL CSP）and CSP + BEZ group（100 μg/mL CSP and 50 μmol/L BEZ （PI3K specific inhibitor））. After 14 days of intervention，the cells in each group were stained with Alizarin Red to observe the osteogenic differentiation. Real⁃time quantitative PCR was utilized to analyze quantitatively the mRNA levels of osteogenic differentiation⁃related markers ，including Runt⁃related transcription factor 2 （Runx2）， β⁃catenin，osteocalcin，collagen I；and western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of osteogenic differentiation⁃related proteins ，including Runx2 ，collagen I ，osteocalcin ，and proteins of PI3K/Akt/GSK3 β / β ⁃catenin pathway. And the immunofluorescence was applied to detect the nuclear translocation of β ⁃catenin. Results Compared with that in the Con group，the proliferation of MC3T3⁃E1 was effectively promoted in the CSP group and CSP + BEZ group，and the effect of 100 μg/mL CSP was more significant. CSP（100 μg/mL）could effectively promote the positive rate of Alizarin Red staining in MC3T3⁃E1 cells，as well as the expression levels of osteogenic differentiation⁃related proteins and mRNA（P < 0.05），and PI3K，p⁃PI3K，Akt，P⁃Akt，GSK3β，p⁃ GSK3β，and β⁃catenin protein expression（P < 0.05）. CSP can also promote β⁃catenin into the nucleus；but this promotion effects can be reversed by BEZ. Conclusion CSP may induce osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3⁃E1cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β⁃catenin pathway.

Objective To investigate the role of myotubulin ⁃ related protein 14（MTMR14）⁃mediated mitophagy in airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）. Methods Participants who underwent surgery for medical reasons in the department of thoracic surgery of our hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected and assigned to control and COPD group according to lung function and smoking history. Expression of MTMR14 in human lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. The human airway epithelial cell line NuLi⁃1 and mice were given cigarette smoke extract（CSE）to simulate COPD， respectively，and the effect of overexpressed MTMR14 on COPD models in vitro and in vivo was investigated. Results MTMR14 expression was reduced in the lungs of COPD patients compared with that of the control group. MTMR14 overexpression inhibited CSE ⁃induced decrease in cell viability ，mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation，and improved mitochondrial function and mitophagy in vitro. Further validation was performed in COPD model mice. MTMR14 overexpression inhibited lung inflammatory cell infiltration，interstitial edema and congestion，and decreased serum IL ⁃6 and IL ⁃8 levels in COPD mice. In addition，MTMR14 overexpression im⁃ proved mitochondrial function and mitophagy to a certain extent and inhibited the excessive activation of mitophagy. Conclusions MTMR14 overexpression alleviates inflammation and emphysema in COPD，which in part depends on the regulation of mitochondrial function and mitophagy.

Objective To analyze the induction effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum（Fn）on autophagy regulatory protein LC3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma（ESCC）cells and explore its clinical significance. Methods The KYSE150 cell line with LC3 knockdown was established. Western blot，plate cloning，scratch test and Transwell were used to detect the effects of Fn and LC3 on the malignant biological behavior of KYSE150 cells. Fn infection and LC3 expression in ESCC tissues were detected by RNAscope and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan⁃ Meier method was used to analyze the effects of Fn infection and LC3 expression on the survival phasein patients. Results As KYSE150 cells were infected with Fn，the expression of LC3 increased and the malignant biological behavior enhanced；following LC3 was knocked down，the malignant biological behavior reduced（P < 0.05）. Infection of Fn in ESCC tissues was consistent with high expression of LC3（P < 0.05）. The survival phase was shortened in the patients with both Fn infection and positive expression of LC3（P < 0.05）. Conclusions Fn can accelerate malignant progression of ESCC by inducing high LC3 expression in ESCC cells，enriching autophago⁃ somes，and providing conditions for self⁃colonization.

Objective To explore the staining interpretation standard of p16/Ki ⁃67 immunocytochemical staining of cervical exfoliated cell block（CB）in low⁃grade squamous intraepithelial lesions（LSIL）and to compare the significance of CB combined with p16/Ki⁃67 dual⁃staining and HR⁃HPV in ASC⁃US and LSIL patients. Methods A total of 210 patients with ASC⁃US and LSIL diagnosed by TCT and HR⁃HPV detection were collected. The diag⁃ nosis of cervical biopsy was taken as the final standard，and the significance of CB combined with p16/Ki⁃67 dual⁃ staining in ASC⁃US and LSIL patients was evaluated. Results （1）The CB diagnostic results of 210 TCT samples included NILM（16 cases），LSIL（171 cases）and HSIL（23 cases）；HR⁃HPV positive（191 cases），HPV nega⁃ tive（19 cases）；p16/Ki⁃67 NILM（57 cases），LSIL（140 cases）and HSIL（13 cases）.（2）In cases diagnosed with LSIL and ASC⁃US，the sensitivity of CB was 90.8% and 93.5%，and the specificity of p16/Ki⁃67 was 100% and 87.5%，respectively.（3）Taking age 30 as stratification，CB and p16/Ki⁃67 dual⁃staining had better sensitivity （95% ~ 100%）and specificity（80% ~ 100%）. Conclusions （1）The interpretation criteria of p16/Ki⁃67 dual⁃staining in LSIL is simple and reproducible，and it can effectively further shunt ASC⁃US cases when combined with cell morphology.（2）CB has higher sensitivity and it has higher sensitivity and specificity when combined with p16/ Ki⁃67 dual⁃staining and the combined effect of CB，p16/Ki⁃67 and HR⁃HPV is equivalent to that of biopsy.

Objective To compare the short⁃term efficacy of robotic versus laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients with varying Body Mass Index（BMI）. Methods From January 2021 to June 2022，the clinicopathological data of 443 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment in the Seventh General Ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were collected. Among them ，there were 68 cases in the lean group，238 cases in the normal group，and 137 cases in the overweight group. The three groups were compared in terms of baseline data，pathological data，intraoperative and postoperative short⁃term efficacy of robotic and laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. Results In the lean group，the robotic group had a shorter postoperative eating time［3（2，3）vs. 3（3，4）］days. In the normal group：patients in the robotic group significantly shortened the total operation time［172（144，205）vs. 215（175，259）］min including separation and reconstruction time，time for eating and indwelling［3（3，4）vs. 3（3，5）］days，drainage tube removal time［6（6，8）vs. 7（6，8）］days and postoperative hospital stay［8（7，10）vs. 7（7，9）］days. In the overweight group，the robotic group reduced total operative time［190（170，237）vs. 240（192，297）］min including dissection and reconstruction time，drain removal time［6（6，7）vs. 6（5，6）］days ，postoperative hospital stay［7（7，8）vs. 7（6，7）］days and removed more extragastric lymph nodes［14.3 ± 10.6 vs. 10.6 ± 6.9］. Conclusion Robotic operating systems can provide more immediate benefits to gastric cancer patients with high BMI values，and BMI should be considered as an indicator when selecting an operating system before undergoing a radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of bone cement enhancement combined with pedicle screw internal fixation in the treatment of elderly osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures. Methods From March 2015 to April 2020，90 patients who were diagnosed with senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures in Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into control group（n = 45，treated with pedicle screw internal fixation of injured vertebra）and combined group（n = 45，treated with bone cement reinforcement + internal fixation of injured vertebral pedicle screw）. The pain relief time，out ⁃of ⁃bed activity time，hospital stay and fracture healing time were compared between the two groups；postoperative pain（VAS score）changes；anterior vertebral height compression rate and Cobb angle changes of injured vertebrae，lumbar spine function （ODI score）changes and complication rates within 6 months after surgery in the two groups were compared. Results The postoperative pain relief time，average hospital stay，ambulation and fracture healing time in the combined group were shorter than those in the control group. The VAS scores of the patients in the combined group were lower than those in the control group 1 d，1 week，2 weeks and 1 month after operation. The high compression rate of the leading edge of the injured vertebral body in the combined group was lower than that in the control group 1 week， 3 and 6 months after operation. The ODI scores of the patients in the combined group were lower than those in the control group 3 and 6 months after operation. The complication rate 6 months after operation in the combined group was lower than that in the control group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Bone cement enhancement combined with pedicle screw internal fixation can significantly alleviate the postoperative pain of patients ，further shorten the recovery time，correct the spinal deformity of patients，and contribute to the recovery of lumbar function and lower inci⁃ dence of postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the effects of intraoperative fluid therapy guided by different stroke volume variation（SVV）on tourniquet⁃related hemodynamic fluctuations in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty（TKA）. Methods Eighty⁃one elderly patients were divided into 3 groups（n = 27）randomly according to the SVV threshold after tourniquet inflated：5%～7%（group L），8%～10%（group M）and 11%～13%（group H）. Hemodynamic indexes such as invasive arterial pressure，SVVwere continuously monitored by the Lidco instru⁃ ment. The area under the curve（AUT）of the part of MAP below 20% of the baseline 10 mins after tourniquet deflated，the minimum MAP（MAPmin）and the maximum percentage of MAP decreasing from the baseline（MAP% max） were calculated. Before the tourniquet was deflated（T0），5 minutes（T1）and 10 minutes（T2）radial artery blood was collected to detect blood lactic acid（Lac）. The requirement for fluid and vasoactive drug，blood loss and urine volume were recorded. Troponin T were recorded before operation，1 day and 3 days after operation. The early post⁃ operative complications were recorded. Results AUT of hypotension showed a decreasing trend after tourniquet release in all three groups. Compared with group L，MAPmin was significantly decreased and MAP% max was signifi⁃ cantly increased in group H（P < 0.05）. The lac was significantly increased in group M and group H at T1（P < 0.05）. Compared with group M，MAPmin was significantly decreased in group H（P < 0.05）. Conclusion In elderly patients undergoing TKA，controlling SVV at 5%～7% level before tourniquet was deflated can prevent tourniquet⁃ related hypotension，improve tissue perfusion，and decrease postoperative myocardial injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of bone cement impregnated gelatin sponge pre filling com⁃ bined with bone cement injection on bone cement leakage during percutaneous kyphoplasty（PKP）for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures. Methods 88 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures treated in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from April 2019 to August 2020 were selected as the subjects，and all of them were planned to undergo PKP treatment. They were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was treated with gelatin sponge packing and bone cement injection，while the study group was treated with bone cement impregnat⁃ ed gelatin sponge pre filling combined with bone cement injection. Results The amount of gelatin sponge and the amount of bone cement injected in the study group were less than those in the control group（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the proportion of Ⅰ and Ⅱ degree of bone cement dispersion，lumbar dysfunction index （ODI）scores at 3 months after operation between the study group and the control group（P > 0.05）. The incidence of bone cement leakage in the study group was lower than that in the control group（P < 0.05）. The kyphosis angle of the two groups was smaller than that before operation（P < 0.05），and the study group was smaller（P < 0.05）. The anterior height of injured vertebrae in both groups was higher than that before operation（P < 0.05），and the study group was higher（P < 0.05）. There were no adverse reactions in both groups. There was no significant differ⁃ ence in the incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures between the two groups（P > 0.05）. Conclusion The applica⁃ tion of bone cement impregnated gelatin sponge pre filling combined with bone cement injection in PKP for osteopo⁃rotic thoracolumbar fractures can reduce the amount of gelatin sponge and bone cement injection，reduce the inci⁃ dence of bone cement leakage and promote the recovery of anatomical structure of injured vertebrae.

Objective To assess the clinical outcomes，postoperative immune response，and surgical stress of endoscope ⁃ assisted dissection for benign parotid tumors using hairline incision. Methods 47 patients with benign parotid tumors were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. The patients in the endoscopy group（n = 25）underwent endoscopic⁃assisted dissection using hairline incision，while those in the control group （n = 22）underwent conventional open surgery. The postoperative complications，drainage，pain scores and satis⁃ faction of aesthetic outcomes were compared，and serum concentrations of IL⁃6，IL⁃8，IL⁃10，IL⁃1β，TNF⁃α， CRP，cortisol，ACTH and growth hormone were detected 12 hours（T1），24 hours（T2）and 72 hours（T3）after the procedure. The impacts of the procedure modes on postoperative immune response and surgical stress were assessed. Results The incision length in the endoscopy group was significantly shorter than that in the conventional group（P < 0.001），and the intraoperative blood loss in the endoscopy group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group（P = 0.004）. Patients in the endoscopy group were more satisfied with the postoperative cosmetic outcomes than those in the conventional group（P = 0.027）. However，the postoperative drainage volume was significantly higher in the endoscopy group than in the conventional group（P = 0.024），and the postoperative pain score was significantly greater in the endoscopy group than in the conventional group（P = 0.039）. Levels of IL ⁃6 and CRP in the endoscopy group at T1，T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those in the conventional group（P < 0.05），while levels of IL⁃10 and cortisol at T1 and T2 were significantly higher the endoscopy group than in the conventional group（P < 0.05）. Conclusions Endoscopy⁃assisted dissection for benign parotid tumors could improve cosmetic outcomes. Endoscopic procedures，compared with conventional surgery，resulted in a stron⁃ ger inflammatory response and higher surgical stress，as well as more postoperative pain and drainage.

Objective Drugs with anti⁃hyperuricemia were screened from old drugs by the strategy of new use of old drugs based on disease gene expression profile and drug transcriptome. Methods Hyperuricemia （HUA）transcriptome database was used to screen hyperuricemia differentially expressed genes，and the DAVID database and STRING platform were used to screen and analyze the differentially expressed genes. The predicted anti⁃HUA drugs were screened from the old drugs by the Connectivity Map database，the drugs with high enrich⁃ ment fractions were selected and differentially expressed core targets，and the SwissDock platform was used for molecular docking. The CCK⁃8 assay was used to detect the effect of candidate anti⁃HUA drugs on HK⁃2 cell viability， and to verify the effect of candidate drugs on xanthine oxidase activity and uric acid concentration in the HUA cell model. Results In the HUA transcriptome database，1 492 differential genes were obtained，including 810 down⁃ regulated genes and 682 up ⁃ regulated genes. The differential genes involved HDASC deacetylate histones，IL ⁃7， UB⁃specific processing proteases，and other pathways. The 15 drugs were predicted to have anti⁃HUA potential by the Connectivity Map database. Molecular docking showed that the binding energies of avermectin to the core targets IL⁃1β，TNF，CXCL2，and IL⁃6 were -7.68，-7.97，-6.25，and -6.73 kcal/mol，respectively. The results of cell experiments showed that avermectin had good cell safety，inhibited xanthine oxidase activity，and reduced uric acid in the concentration range of 12.5~100 μg/mL. Conclusions This present study found that the old drug abamectin has anti⁃hyperuric acid potential through a combination of disease gene expression profile and drug tran⁃ scriptome data.

Objective To explore the value of residual liver volume in evaluation of liver reserve function on liver mass CT virtual imaging. Methods A retrospective analysis on 63 patients with liver mass was performed. Preoperative CT virtual imaging of liver mass，indocyanine green excretion test，and Child⁃Pugh score were conducted. As ICGR15 less than 10% was considered to be normal，the patients were divided into < 10% group（group A） and ≥ 10% group（group B）. The general condition，laboratory indexes，LV，TV，VSV and RLV were statistically analyzed in both groups，and the correlation between RLV and other indexes was analyzed. ROC curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of RLV for predicting liver dysfunction. Results Ascompared with those in group A，the patients in group B had greater age and higher TBIL level，higher Child⁃Pugh score，lower ALB level and smaller RLV（P < 0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that RLV was negatively correlated with ICGR15，and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. The ROC curve showed that the AUC of RLV value for predicting liver dys⁃ function was 0.659（P < 0.05），and the sensitivity was 0.767. Conclusions Residual liver volume can be calculat⁃ ed by CT virtual imaging of liver space occupying lesion，which can further assess liver reserve function. 

Objective To determine the TN staging of rectal cancer by transrectal ultrasonography（TRUS） and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI），and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative TRUS with that of MRI in detection of locally advanced rectal cancer（LARC）. Methods A total of 159 patients with rectal cancer diagnosed in our hospital from May 2019 to December 2021 who had preoperatively undergone both TRUS and MRI were collected. With postoperative pathological staging as the gold standard，the accuracy of TRUS and MRI in TN staging of rectal cancer was retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic value of TRUS and MRI for LARC was compared. Results The accuracy rate of TRUS and MRI for T staging of rectal cancer was 83.02% and 82.40%，respectively，consistent with postoperative pathological staging；the Kappa value was 0.73 and 0.72，respectively， with statistical significance（P < 0.05）. For the accuracy of T staging，the sensitivity of MRI for T4 stage lesions was significantly better than that of TRUS，with statistical significance（P < 0.05）. The accuracy，sensitivity and specificity of TRUS for N staging were 81.13%，79.73% and 82.35%；while those of MRI were 75.47%，90.54% and 63.35%，respectively. The sensitivity of MRI was better than that of TRUS，and the specificity of TRUS was higher than that of MRI，with statistical significance（P < 0.05）. The accuracy and specificity of TRUS in the diag⁃ nosis of LARC were higher than those of MRI，with statistical significance（P < 0.05）. Conclusions TRUS and MRI have better consistency in T and N staging and pathological staging of rectal cancer. MRI is superior to TRUS in detection of T4 lesions，whereas TRUS is better than MRI in differentiation of LARC，which has certain guidingsignificance for clinically formulating personalized treatment plans.

Purpose Using pelvic floor ultrasound to quantitatively evaluate the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）on pelvic floor structure and function during 28 ~ 34 weeks，and to establish the SUI ultrasonic diagnostic index and boundary value of patientswith GDM. Methods 106 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy（28 ~ 34 weeks）with GDM were selected as GDM group（50 cases in SUI subgroup and 56 cases in on SUI subgroup）. 94 healthy late pregnant women（28 ~ 34 weeks）were also selected as non GDM group. Pelvic floor ultrasonography was performed and recorded to the accordinggroups. These data were：bladder neck movement （BND），urethral inclination angle（UIA），urethral rotation angle（URA），posterior bladder urethral angle（PVUA1， PVUA2），levator anihole area（LHA1，LHA2）. The differences of ultrasonic parameters and SUI detection rate between the GDM group and non GDM group were compared.Analyse the difference of balancing BMI1 and BMI2 factors between the two groups.The differences of ultrasonic parameters between SUI subgroup and non SUI sub⁃ group were also compared. Analyse the differences between the two groups of balancing pregnancy，delivery and gestational weeks. Using clinical diagnosis SUI value as the“gold standard”，establish the ROC curve of pelvicfloor ultrasound parameters according to the diagnosis of GDM.Then，analyse its diagnosticefficacy. Results These value of BND，UIA，LHA1，LHA2 and detection rates of SUI in GDM group were significantly higher than that in non GDM group，the difference have statistically significance（P < 0.05）. After balancing BMI1 and BMI2 factors， the BND，UIA，LHA1，LHA2 and detection rates of SUI in GDM group were still higher than that in non GDMgroup，the difference have statistically significance（P < 0.05）. The value of BND，URA，LHA1 and LHA2 in SUI subgroup were significantly higher than those in non SUI subgroup，the difference have statistically significance （P < 0.05）. After balancingthe pregnancy，parity and gestational weeks factors，the value of URA，LHA1 and LHA2 in SUI subgroup was still higher than that in non SUI subgroup，the difference have statistically significance （P < 0.05）. The ROC curves of SUI in patients with GDM were further constructed，and the areas under the curves were all > 0.7. Among them，the area under LHA1 curve was the largest，and when thediagnostic value was 12.93 cm2 ， the sensitivity and specificity were 80.0% and65.7% respectively. Conclusion The support of pelvic floor struc⁃ ture in patients with GDM during 28 ~ 34 weeks is significantly weakened，especially in patients with SUI，pelvic floor ultrasound can quantitatively evaluate the changes of pelvic floor structure and function in patients with GDM. LHA1 can be used as the preliminary diagnostic index of SUI in patients with GDM during late pregnancy，and the diagnostic boundary value is 12.93 _cm2 . 

Objective To study the bacterial distribution and drug resistance of postoperative infection in children after liver transplantation. Methods The data of pathogenic bacteria infection after liver transplantation in children aged 0⁃14 years from 2019 to 2021 in Tianjin First Central Hospital were retrospectively analyzed，and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity test results were statistically analyzed，and the changes of pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in three years were compared. Results During the study period from 2019 to 2021，a total of 917 specimens were submitted for examination，of which 553 were positive and 364 were negative ，with a positive rate of 60.3%. Among 4476 samples，1220 were positive，with a positive rate of 27.3%，mainly isolated from blood（45.1%），ascites（30.4%）and bile secretions（9.6%）. Among them， 633 gram⁃positive bacterial accounted for 51.9%，mainly Enterococcus and Staphylococcus epidermis，Enterococcus had a higher resistance rate to clindamycin and Staphylococcus had a higher resistance rate to penicillin . The drug resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin increased year by year，and the differences were statistically significant（P < 0.05）. Linezolid resistant Enterococcus faecium emerged in 2021. 527 strains of gram ⁃ negative bacteria accounted for 43.2%，mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli，the cefuroxime，ceftriaxone with high resistance. The drug resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cotrimoxazole，Escherichia coli to levofloxa⁃ cin，and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone/sulbactam and aztreonam increased year by year，and the differ⁃ ences were statistically significant（P < 0.05）. 60 strains of fungi and other pathogenic bacteria accounted for 4.9%. Conclusion The risk of infection after liver transplantation in children is high，bacteria are mainly Gram⁃positivebacteria. The detection rate of Enterococcus faecalis，Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii com⁃ plex bacteria showed an increasing trend year by year.It is very important to monitor bacterial resistance to provide basis for rational selection of antibacterial drugs in clinical departments.

The new biomimetic spinal cord scaffold manufactured by 3D printing has good biocompatibility and mechanical properties，which can effectively improve the microenvironment disorder and glial scar problems after spinal cord injury（SCI）. By combining specific nerve cells，the repair of SCI can also be more targeted and specific. In recent years，many new spinal scaffolds and their corresponding treatment methods have been devel⁃ oped，including new scaffolds based on collagen and improved by mixing other materials，new synthetic materials spinal scaffolds and new treatment ideas of nerve cells modified by specific factors on scaffolds. The feasibility of the treatment methods has been verified through animal experiments，which provides a new direction for the repair and treatment of SCI. This article reviews the experimental research progress of 3D printed biomimetic scaffolds in the repair of spinal cord injury.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a kind of clinical common opportunistic pathogen. In recent years，more and moreclinical strains integrating hypervirulence and carbapenem resistance，i.e.，carbapenem ⁃ resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae（CR⁃hvKP）have been isolated and leads to untreatable invasive infections and even fa⁃tal transmission. In this paper，the epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance mechanism were summa⁃rized. At present ST11⁃CR⁃HvKP has the highest prevalence in China. CR⁃hvkp mainly transfers virulence and resistance genes in Gram ⁃negative pathogensby mobile genetic elements such as plasmids，integrative conjugative elements（ICEs），integrons，insertion sequences（is）and transposons. At the same time，the environmental coloni⁃zation of CR⁃hvkp and the resulting risk of infection and transmission undoubtedly pose great challenges to the prevention and control of infection.The in⁃depth study on the clinical characteristics and drug resistance mechanis⁃mof carbapenem⁃resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae（CR⁃hvkp）will help us to find feasible methods to eradicate or prevent the further evolution and spread of the strain. 

Compared with normal cells，tumor cells are more inclined to switch from the Krebs cycle to aerobic glycolysis. PDK4 acts as a bridge in this metabolic transition，and its expression is up ⁃ regulated in most cancer cells. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity can be regulated by this kinase，which in turn affects various biologi⁃ cal characteristics of tumor cells. In addition，studies on PDK4 and lung cancer development，and drug resistance continue to emerge. This article hopes to provide some ideas for the reversal of tumor resistance，especially NSCLC，by reviewing the research on PDK4 and malignant tumors.