Glioma is the most common and destructive primary brain tumor. The clinical treatments of glioma include surgery，radiotherapy and chemotherapy，but none of them can prolong the life span of patients effectively. The inherent heterogeneity，invasion of glioma，intact blood⁃brain barrier and chemotherapy resistance lead to the poor prognosis of glioma patients. Glioma microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia，low pH and high concentration of glutathione，which are different from normal tissues. In this paper，the drug⁃carrying nanode⁃ livery systems in the treatment of glioma has been summarized，including single⁃drug nanodelivery system，multi⁃ drug nanodelivery system and multi⁃mode nanodelivery system，with a conclusion that the intelligent nanodelivery systems can be realized by responding to the signals of glioma site and the reduced⁃toxicity to normal tissue and the therapeutic effect on glioma can be improved. The advantages and disadvantages of the three nanodelivery systemsin the treatment of glioma have been further discussed and compared. The challenges of these nanodelivery systems in the treatment of glioma in the have been summarized as well.

Either endogenous or acquired resistance to chemotherapy has become the main obstacles in the treatment of neuroglioma. As is well ⁃ known，glioma chemoresistance is caused by interaction of multiple mecha⁃ nisms. Therefore，sufficient understanding of potential mechanism on chemoresistance and development of new treatment targets to eliminate chemoresistance are crucial to the prognosis improvement for glioma patients. It is inspiring that more and more evidence has indicated that long non⁃coding RNA（lncRNA）mediated occurrence， development and chemoresistance of glioma via targeting at various regulation mechanisms. This review has systemi⁃ cally clarified the molecular mechanism of lncRNA in the regulation of glioma chemoresistance and has discussed the potential function of lncRNA as a marker of glioma chemoresistance and a novel treatment target. It aims at developing novel research direction for glioma chemoresistance treatment by regulating these specific lncRNAs to reverse chemoresistance of tumor cells. 

Objective To explore the mechanism of TNFα ⁃ induced protein 3 ⁃ interacting protein1 （TNIP1）in the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B （NF ⁃ κB）signaling pathway in IDH wild ⁃type glioma. Methods The CGGA and TCGA databases were used to determine the expression and prognostic value of TNIP1 in IDH wild⁃type gliomas. The expression of TNIP1 in N33 cells was knocked down with specific siRNA，and the cell proliferation and migration ability were analyzed by CCK⁃8 test，Transwell migration test，and scratch test. The interaction between TNIP1 and TNF receptor ⁃ related factor 6（TRAF6）and its influence on the ubiquitination of TRAF6 were analyzed by immunoprecipitation. U87 cells expressing an empty vector，oe⁃TNIP1 or si⁃TNIP1 were injected into the brain of nude mice，and the tumor growth was monitored by BLI method. Results TNIP1 expres⁃ sion was positively associated with a higher malignant grade and poorer prognosis of IDH⁃wild type gliomas but not IDH ⁃ mutant gliomas. TNIP1 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation and migration of N33 cells（P < 0.05）. TNIP1 induced the deubiquitination of TRAF6，playing a pivotal role for NF⁃κB activation. Compared with empty vector xenografts，oe⁃TNIP1 xenografts accelerated tumor progression to a greater extent，whereas si⁃TNIP1 xenografts worked in an opposite way. Conclusion TNIP1 can induce the deubiquitination of TRAF6 protein to activate NF⁃κB，which in turn promotes the malignant progression of glioma.

Objective To investigate the relationship between lateral ventricle involvement and prognosis in patients with supratsural glioma. Methods The clinical data of 60 glioma patients treated with surgery from January 2018 to August 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College were analyzed retrospectively. Among them，twenty ⁃five patients with lateral ventricle involvement were assigned as involvement group and 34 without lateral ventricle involvement as non⁃involvement group according to the MRI results. They were compared in terms of total resection rate，surgical duration，hospitalization，postoperative pathological type，postoperative recurrence and postoperative survival rate. Results The rate of total resection had no significant difference between the two groups（73.05% vs. 82.35%，P > 0.05）. The duration of surgery and postoperative hospital stay were signif⁃ icantly different（P < 0.05）. The postoperative pathological grade was insignificantly different between the two groups（P > 0.05）. Postoperative follow⁃up was 4 ~ 33 months. Twenty⁃one patients in the involvement group were followed up，with 6 cases of relapse，and 26 in the non⁃involvement were followed up，with 2 cases of relapse. Kaplan⁃Meier survival analysis showed significant difference in the survival rate between the two groups（P < 0.05）. Conclusion For those patients with supratentorialglioma involving lateral ventricle，the time for both operations and hospital stay is longer and the prognosis is poorer.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of 1，25⁃dihydroxyvitamin D3 on neutrophilic asthma inmice，as well asits influence on Nrf2 expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress state. Methods Twenty⁃ four female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups：normal control group（A），neutrophilic asthma model group（B）and 1，25（OH）2D3 treatment group（C），with eight mice in each group.A mouse model of neutrophilic asthma was established by the method of CFA+OVA（complete Freund′s adjuvant，chicken ovalbumin）. Group C was given 0.1% intraperitoneal injection of 1，25（OH）2D3（4 μg·kg⁃1）before each challenge by intranasal instillation of OVA.A non⁃invasive airway reactivity test was performed，as well as lung tissue samples and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF）. The inflammatory changes in lung tissue were observed using pathological HE staining. BALF inflammatory cells were counted and classified，and levels of IL⁃4，IL⁃17，IL⁃5，CXCL2 and CXCL8 were mea⁃ sured. Ly ⁃6G immunohistochemistry staining was performed to better understand neutrophil infiltration in lung tissue. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of CHOP，GRP78，and Nrf2 in lung tissue. GSH，MDA concentration in lung tissue，and NQO1 mRNA levels were all found to be elevated. Results The levels of various cytokines in BALF in the 1，25（OH）2D3 treatment groupwere significantly lower than in the model group （P < 0.05），as was the proportion of neutrophils in BALF. Lung histology revealed that the treatment group had less airway inflammation than the model group.When compared to the model group，the protein levels of CHOP and GRP78 in the treatment group were significantly lower，the protein level of Nrf2 was higher，and the expression level of NQO1 mRNA was higher（P < 0.05）. Conclusion 1，25⁃Dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduces airway inflammation in neutrophilic asthmatic mice by increasing the expression of the Nrf2 protein，inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress，and inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on heat shock protein 90（HSP90）/ extracellular signal regulated kinase（ERK）pathway and cisplatin sensitivity in cervical cancer cells. Methods Human cervical cancer HeLa cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group，cisplatin group，low concentration group and high concentration group. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of HSP90， ERK，p⁃ERK，DNA methyltransferases1（DNMT1），DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit gene 1（POLD1）， proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA），and Bcl⁃2 associated X protein（Bax）protein in HeLa cells；the prolif⁃ eration of HeLa cells was detected by CCK⁃8 method；and the apoptosis of HeLa cells was detected by flow cytome⁃ try. Results Compared with those in the control group，the protein expression levels of HSP90，p ⁃ERK/ERK， DNMT1，POLD1，PCNA and OD value of HeLa cells in cisplatin group were significantly lower（P < 0.05），while the apoptosis rate and Bax protein expression level were significantly higher（P < 0.05）；with the addition and increase of dexmedetomidine，the protein expression levels of HSP90，p ⁃ ERK/ERK，DNMT1，POLD1，PCNA and OD value of HeLa cells decreased in turn（P < 0.05）while the apoptosis rate and Bax protein expression level increased in turn（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can inhibit the HSP90/ERK pathway in cervical cancer HeLa cells and enhance the sensitivity of HeLa cells to cisplatin.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of targeting photodynamic therapy using calcium carbonate nanoparticles in pancreatic cancer. Methods Ce6@Ca⁃ CO3 were prepared by gas diffusion method to load Ce6，and then modified with polyethylene glycol. Linsitinib was used to target insulin⁃like growth factor 1 receptor（IGF⁃1R）to prepare CLCP nanoparticles with acid⁃responsive and active targeting abilities. The characterization of CLCP was investigated. The active targeting ability and the therapeutic effect of CLCP were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results The average hydrated size of CLCP was （121.5 ± 5.2）nm with spherical shape under the electron microscope. The loading efficiency of Ce6 was 63.2% and the loading content was 16.37%. CLCP degraded rapidly in a weak acidic（pH = 6.5）environment. Pancreatic cancer cells have increased uptake of CLCP（P < 0.001）. CLCP⁃mediated photodynamic therapy decreased cell viability（P < 0.01）by inducing wider cells death compared with untargeted group（P < 0.001）. CLCP⁃mediated photodynamic therapy effectively prolonged the survival period of mice and pathologically caused cancer cells apoptosis increased. Besides，CLCP ⁃mediated photodynamic therapy enhanced the recruitment of CD8 + T cells in tumors. Conclusion We successfully synthesized the targeting CLCP based on IGF⁃1R to efficiently deliver Ce6， and CLCP⁃mediated photodynamic therapy has satisfactory therapeutic effect due to the direct killing of cancer cells and the activation of anti⁃tumor immune，which provides a novel strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment. 

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics，laboratory examination indicators，glucocor⁃ ticoid therapy responsiveness of hospitalized patients with AECOPD with different blood eosinophil levels and to follow up for the prognosis. Methods A total of 124 COPD patients hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine，General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 1 to December 31，2020， were concluded. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the absolute value of blood eosinophil count within 24 hours of admission as the baseline level；the relevant data were analyzed and the curve was drawn. Results Blood eosinophil levels could assess the severity of disease progression in patients with AECOPD. Patients with EOS less than 100 cells/μL were more critically ill，but those with EOS greater than or equal to 100 cells/μL responded well to glucocorticoids，and long ⁃term ICS treatment can reduce the risk of recurrent severe exacerba⁃ tions in patients with EOS greater than 300 cells/μL. Conclusion The level of blood eosinophils helps to assess the degree of deterioration，benefit from ICS，and prognosis in AECOPD patients.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of catheter⁃directed thrombolysis （CDT）for acute mixed lower extremity deep venous thrombosis（DVT）via sub⁃knee vein access. Methods The clinical data of patients with acute mixed DVT treated in our unit from January 2020 to December 2021 were retro⁃ spectively analyzed，and the patients were divided into observation group and control group according to different accesses. CDT via anterior or posterior tibial vein access was performed in the observation group，and in the control group CDT via the popliteal vein access was applied. Perimeter difference of the healthy side and affected side， detumescence rate of the affected limb，venous patency rate，the total amount of urokinase used，the length of hospi⁃ tal stay，and postoperative complications of the two groups were recorded and compared. Results Clinical efficacy in terms of thrombus removal effect（1 case of grade 1，1 case of grade 2，and 27 cases of grade 3），postoperative venous patency rate（86.2 ± 12.4）% and postoperative porter score（1.2 ± 0.9），postoperative calf circumference difference（1.0 ± 0.8）cm，and lower leg swelling rate（70.3 ± 19.0）%，in the observation group was better when compared with those in the control group，showing statistical significance（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Compared with popliteal vein access，CDT via inferior knee vein in the treatment of mixed DVT has obvious advantages in postop⁃ erative clinical efficacy，and the application of the inferior knee vein approach does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications in patients.

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of serum pentamerin 3（PTX3） and C1q/TNF related protein 3（CTRP3）and the severity of osteoporosis（OP）in patients with knee osteoarthritis （KOA）complicated with OP. Methods 154 cases of KOA diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 1st，2018 to December 1st，2021 were selected as the research object，including patients with KOA and OP as the KOA + OP group（92 cases），patients with simple KOA as the KOA group（62 cases），and 40 healthy people in the same period as the control group. The levels of serum PTX3 and CTRP3 were determined using enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of serum PTX3 and CTRP3 in each group were compared. The levels of serum PTX3 and CTRP 3 and the severity of KOA disease，as well as the relationship between them and serum bone metabolism were statistically analyzed. Results The expression of serum PTX3 and bone metabolism indexes CT， BGP and OPG in KOA + OP group were significantly higher than the control group and KOA group，and CTRP3 was significantly lower than the control group and KOA group（P < 0.05）. Serum PTX3 and CTRP3 levels differed significantly between patients with different KOA severity grades and OP groups（P < 0.05）. The areas under the curve of serum PTX3，CTRP3 and combined detection for predicting KOA with OP were 0.673（95%CI：0.611 ~ 0.735），0.713（95%CI：0.633 ~ 0.762）and 0.824（95%CI：0.780 ~ 0.867），respectively. The area under the curve of PTX3 and CTRP3 combined detection for the diagnosis of KOA with OP had a significantly larger than that of PTX3 and CTRP3 alone（Z = 3.588，3.265，P = 0.000，0.003）. Conclusion In patients with KOA and OP， serum PTX3 expression is increased while CTRP3 expression is decreased. Both are related to the severity of KOA and the degree of osteoporosis. The combined detection aids in the diagnosis of KOA in conjunction with OP.

Objective To determine the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic double row suture combined with platelet⁃rich plasma in the treatment of full⁃thickness rotator cuff tear. Methods A total of 78 patients with full⁃thickness rotator cuff tear who were admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020，and underwent arthroscopic double⁃row suture were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were assigned to observation group（platelet⁃ rich plasma，n = 39）and control group（intra⁃articular lavage fluid=39）. VAS scores before operation and at 3， 6，12 and 18 months after operation，Constant and UCLA scores before operation and at 6，12 and 18 months after operation and rotator cuff re ⁃ tear at 12 months after operation were compared between the two groups. Results ANOVA for repeated measurement showed that there were temporal，grouping and interaction effects in the VAS， Constant and UCLA scores of the two groups，and the differences were statistically significant（P < 0.05）. VAS scores in observation group were lower than those in control group at 3 and 6 months after operation，but there was no significant difference at 12 and 18 months after operation（P > 0.05）. Constant and UCLA scores after operation were higher than those before operation. Constant and UCLA scores in observation group were better than those in control group at 6 and 12 months after operation，but there was no significant difference at 18 months after opera⁃ tion（P > 0.05）. At 12 months after operation，MRI results showed that there were 2 cases with re⁃tear in observa⁃ tion group（tear rate 5.1%）and 5 cases with re⁃tear in control group（tear rate 12.8%），and the differences were statistically significant（P > 0.05）. Conclusion Arthroscopic double row suture combined with platelet⁃rich plasma in the treatment of rotator cuff tears was safe，which could significantly reduce postoperative pain，and accelerate the recovery of shoulder joint function in a short time with satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Objective To construct a mediation model to clarify the mechanism of the effect of social support on resilience in patients after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection patients，and to explore the mediating effect of self⁃efficacy between social support and resilience. Methods We selected 125 type A aortic dissection patients in a tertiary grade⁃A hospital in Guangdong province and they were investigated by using the general information questionnaire，the Social Support Rating Scale，General Self Efficacy Scale，and Connor ⁃Davidson Resilience Scale. Results The score of resilience and social support of patients was（63.78 ± 12.29），and（43.77 ± 6.82）respectively. The total score of self⁃efficacy was（27.22 ± 5.16）. There was a significantly positively corre⁃ lation among social support，resilience，and self⁃efficacy（r = 0.571，0.717，P < 0.01）. Social support positively associated with the resilience（r = 0.611，P < 0.01）. Self ⁃ efficacy has some mediating effect between social support and resilience，which accounts for 37.43% of the total effect. Conclusion Social support exerts influence on the resilience of Type A aortic dissection patients through self⁃efficacy. Effective measures to improve patients′ self⁃efficacy should be considered，thus to enhance their level of resilience.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of the pulmonary tuberculosis（PTB）with type 2 diabetes（T2DM）during treatment with metformin（MET）so as to provide reference for clinical treatment strategies. Methods The clinical data of 955 T2DM accompanied by primary PTB from January 2013 to January 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Of them，206 patients who had received the therapy with MET for more than three months before primary diagnosis with PTB were assigned into the observation group（MET group）and the rest 749 who had not received the therapy with MET for more than three months before primary diagnosis with PTB at the same period into the control group（NON⁃MET group）. Results There were no statistical differences in the standard level of HbA1c < 7%（P = 0.703）between both the groups，and so it was with the secondary infection（P = 0.703）. However，the NLR level，lung lesion range and rate of cavity occurrence in the MET group were all significantly lower or smaller than those in the non⁃MET group（P = 0.021，P = 0.045 and P = 0.039，respectively）. The rate of cavity occurrence among the patients with HbA1c < 7% was lower（P < 0.001） and the lung lesion range in the MET group was smaller（P = 0.042）. Conclusion T2DM patients with PTB treated with MET have a lower level of NLR，smaller range of lung lesions and lower rate of cavity occurrence. For those patients with HbA1c < 7%，the range of lung lesions is smaller.

Objective To observe the changes of curative effect indexes of antioxidant therapy in patients with severe craniocerebral injury complicated with bacterial pneumonia. Methods A total of 87 patients with severe craniocerebral injury complicated by pulmonary infection who were admitted to our hospital from February 2020 to February 2022 were prospectively selected. With the informed consent of the patient′s family members，they were randomly divided into control group（n = 45）and observation group（n = 42）according to the odd and even num⁃ bers of the visiting order. The control group was given routine treatment，and the observation group antioxidant therapy on the basis of conventional treatment for 7 consecutive days. WBC，CPR，neutrophil，cell（NEUT）and other inflammatory indicators；blood pH（pH），arterial oxygen saturation（SaO2），oxygenation index（P/F），arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure（PaCO2）and other pulmonary ventilation oxidative stress indicators；malondi⁃ aldehyde（MDA），superoxide dismutase（SOD），lipid peroxide（LPO），antioxidant capacity（TAOC），myeloper⁃ oxidase（MPO）and other oxidative stress indicators；and Glasgow coma index（GCS）score before and after the treatment in the two groups were recorded and compared. Results There was no significant difference in GCS score，blood gas index，oxidative stress level and acute infection biochemical index between the two groups before treatment（P > 0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the two groups before and after the treat⁃ ment（P < 0.01）. WBC，CPR，NEUT，PaCO2，MPO，and LPO in the observation group were lower than those inthe control group（P < 0.01），and the level of pH，SaO2，P/F，SOD，MDA and GCS was significantly higher（P < 0.01）. The level of TAOC was also significantly higher than that of the control group（P < 0.05）after 1 week of treatment. Conclusion The combination of antioxidant drugs in patients with craniocerebral injury and pulmonary infection can effectively improve inflammatory indexes and craniocerebral injury indexes of patients，which has sig⁃ nificant benefits for pulmonary infection and craniocerebral injury，and it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of D⁃dimer in pancreatic thrombosis after simul⁃ taneous pancreas⁃kidney transplantation. Methods From September 2020 to August 2021，a total of 54 patients underwent pancreas⁃kidney transplantation at the organ transplantation Center of our hospital were selected to compare the changes of D⁃dimer levels 1 day before surgery and 1，3，and 7 days after surgery with and without pancreatic thrombosis. The D⁃dimer level of transplanted pancreas with and without thrombosis was compared. ROC curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of D⁃dimer level in pancreatic graft thrombosis after combined pancreation⁃ kidney transplantation. Results There was no statistically significant difference in D ⁃dimer level 1 day before surgery between the group with and without pancreatic thrombosis（P > 0.05），and there were statistically significant differences in d⁃dimer levels 1d before surgery and 1d，3d and 7d after surgery（P < 0.05），there was no signifi⁃ cant difference in d⁃dimer level between groups 1 day before surgery，1 day after surgery，3 days after surgery and 7 days after surgery（P > 0.05）. There was statistically significant difference in the D⁃dimer level between the transplanted pancreas with thrombosis and without thrombosis（P < 0.05）. According to ROC curve，the optimal critical value of D⁃dimer for predicting pancreatic arteriovenous thrombosis was 3.305 mg/L，AUC was 0.828，sen⁃ sitivity was 88.9%，specificity was 77.8%，and Yoden index was 66.7%. Conclusion The level of D⁃dimer after pancreas⁃kidney transplantation is significantly higher than that before surgery，and the level of D⁃dimer in plasma is higher in the occurrence of pancreatic graft thrombosis. Therefore，3.305 mg/L D⁃dimer can be used as“risk value” for screening pancreatic graft thrombosis after simultaneous pancreas⁃kidney transplantation.

Objective To explore the effect of arthroscopic lateral retinaculum release（LRR）combined with medial patellofemoral ligament⁃reconstruction（MPFL⁃R）in the treatment of juvenile recurrent dislocation of patellar（RDP）. Methods The clinical data of 56 adolescent RDP patients treated with open medial retinaculum constriction（group A）and 78 adolescent RDP patients treated with arthroscopic LRR combined with MPFL ⁃ R （group B）were analyzed retrospectively. The operative indexes and complications were compared. Results There were fewer intraoperative blood loss and shorter operation time and length of stay in group B（P < 0.05）（P < 0.05）. The suitable angles and lateral patellofemoral angles，Lysholm scores and Kujala scores in the two groups were higher than those before treatment（P < 0.05），particularly in group B（P < 0.05）. The total incidence of complica⁃ tions in group B was lower than that in group A（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Arthroscopic LRR combined with MPFL⁃R for the treatment of RDP in adolescents has good effect and less complications.

Objective To explore the diagnosis efficacy of neutrophils ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid combined with gram stainingforand pneumonia. Methods A total of 188 patients who received alveolar lavage fluid examination in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital from September 2018 to May 2021 were retrospectively enrolled，including pneumonia patients as the case group and non⁃pneumonia patients as the control group. Demographic data，clinical diagnosis，neutrophils ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF），gram stain results and other clinical information of patients were collected，the differences between the two groups were compared，and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves （Receiver Operating Characteristic， ROC）to evaluate the neutrophils ratio in BALF and the diagnostic value of Gram stain in patients with pneumonia. Results There were 108 cases in pneumonia group and 80 controls in non⁃pneumonia group. In cases group， patients with Community ⁃ acquired pneumonia were 74，patients withHospital ⁃ acquired pneumonia were 34. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophil ratios of patients with pneumonia were significantly higher than those of patients without pneumonia（P < 0.01）. On the diagnosis of pneumonia，the value of cut⁃off，sensitivity，specificity and the area under ROC curve of neutrophil ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF）for diagnosis of pneumonia were respectively 41.45，0.750，0.675 and 0.728. The Cut ⁃off of neutrophil ratio in BALF combined microscopic gram staining for the diagnosis of pneumonia was 22.09%，with a sensitivity of 0.724，specificity of 0.703，and an area under ROC curve was 0.731. The diagnosis effect of neutrophil ratio in BALF combined gram stain was higherthan only neutrophil ratio in BALF. The more higher neutrophils ratio in BALF，the higher sensitivity in patientswith pneumonia. Conclusion BALF neutrophils ratio combined with gram stain is significantly on the diagnosis ofpneumonia.

Objective To explore the diagnosis efficacy of neutrophils ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid combined with gram stainingforand pneumonia. Methods A total of 188 patients who received alveolar lavage fluid examination in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital from September 2018 to May 2021 were retrospectively enrolled，including pneumonia patients as the case group and non⁃pneumonia patients as the control group. Demographic data，clinical diagnosis，neutrophils ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF），gram stain results and other clinical information of patients were collected，the differences between the two groups were compared，and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves （Receiver Operating Characteristic， ROC）to evaluate the neutrophils ratio in BALF and the diagnostic value of Gram stain in patients with pneumonia. Results There were 108 cases in pneumonia group and 80 controls in non⁃pneumonia group. In cases group， patients with Community ⁃ acquired pneumonia were 74，patients withHospital ⁃ acquired pneumonia were 34. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophil ratios of patients with pneumonia were significantly higher than those of patients without pneumonia（P < 0.01）. On the diagnosis of pneumonia，the value of cut⁃off，sensitivity，specificity and the area under ROC curve of neutrophil ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF）for diagnosis of pneumonia were respectively 41.45，0.750，0.675 and 0.728. The Cut ⁃off of neutrophil ratio in BALF combined microscopic gram staining for the diagnosis of pneumonia was 22.09%，with a sensitivity of 0.724，specificity of 0.703，and an area under ROC curve was 0.731. The diagnosis effect of neutrophil ratio in BALF combined gram stain was higherthan only neutrophil ratio in BALF. The more higher neutrophils ratio in BALF，the higher sensitivity in patientswith pneumonia. Conclusion BALF neutrophils ratio combined with gram stain is significantly on the diagnosis ofpneumonia.

Objective To investigate whether Luo′s Endometriosis Formula and combined oral contracep⁃ tives are equally effective in postoperative maintenance treatment for patients with ovarian endometriomas. Methods A total of 106 cases with stage Ⅲ ovarian endometriomas were enrolled in this study，including 56 patients in the combined oral contraceptive group and 50 patients in the Luo′s Endometriosis Formula group. Carbohydrate antigen 125（CA⁃125），visual analog scale（VAS）scores and antimullerin hormone（AMH）were monitored before surgery，2 months after surgery，4 months after surgery and 6 months after surgery，respectively. The recurrence rate at 6 months after surgery was calculated，and statistical analysis was performed for each observation index between the two groups. Results Six months after surgery，there was no statistical difference in the overall trend of postoperative CA⁃125，VAS score，and AMH between the Luo′s Endometriosis Formula group and the combined oral contraceptive group（P > 0.10）. Six months after surgery，there was no significant difference in recurrence rate between the two groups（P = 0.908）. The combined oral contraceptive group′s CA⁃125 decline rate was faster than the Luo′s Endometriosis Formula group′s in the first two months after surgery，but there was no statistical difference six months later. Other indexes′ postoperative decline rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. There were no serious adverse reactions in either group. Conclusions Luo′s Endometriosis Formula has the same curative effect and clinical application value as combined oral contraceptives in the maintenance treatment of ovarian endometriomas 6 months after cystectomy.

Objective The prevalence of renal diseases in the elderly population is increasing yearly. Kid⁃ ney maintains the stability of the internal environment and normal endocrine function，and impaired kidney func⁃ tion can cause symptoms in various systems. Clinical research continues to explore suitable kidney markers and methods to detect kidney lesions earlier. With the development of Raman spectroscopy，it can be used to assess the molecular composition of biological tissues or fluids to obtain qualitative or quantitative information with diagnostic value. It also has shown great potential for early clinical diagnosis due to its non⁃invasive nature and other advantag⁃ es. In this paper，we describe the application and potential of Raman spectroscopy in diagnosing renal diseases. 

Higher⁃risk myelodysplastic syndromes（HR⁃MDS）has a high risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia，andthe prognosis of patients is poor. The current standard treatment for HR⁃MDS includes hypomethylating agents and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In recent years，the application of BCL⁃2 inhibitors has led to the rapid improvement of the treatment of HR ⁃MDS. BCL ⁃2 inhibitorscombined with multipledrugs has shown high remission rates and acceptable adverse effect rates. This articlereviews the recent therapeutic advances of Venetoclax in HR⁃MDS.