In recent years，there has been much more interest in a non⁃antimicrobial action and immuno⁃ modulatory effects of macrolides，which have become an important choice for the treatment of asthma，chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）and bronchiectasis. However，which patients are more likely to benefit from the treatment，how to use macrolide drugs more standardized in combination with the guidelines，and reduce the possible side effects，which poses a major challenge to clinical management. Therefore，combined with the British Thoracic Society（BTS）guidelines，this article focuses on the indications，selection basis and future issues of macrolides in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Standard of care including surgery， radiotherapy and chemotherapy has not resulted in a significant improvement in the survival outcome of patients. The invasive tumor growth，blood⁃brain barrier，and their intrinsic resistance to the induction of radio⁃chemothera⁃ py hinder the anti⁃cancer role of standard treatment. Currently，with increase in understanding of the genetic altera⁃ tion and immune microenvironment of glioma，many molecular markers have been identified and used in clinical practice for precise diagnosis，survival prediction and designing personalized therapy forpatients with glioma. The efficacies of novel targeted therapies are promising in several clinical trials. Immunotherapy and advanced physio⁃ therapies including tumor treating fields also achieved development. All these advances bring hope to improve the survival and quality of life for patients with glioma. In this review，we summarize the current status of treatment for gliomas and discuss the important advances in glioma oncology.

Glioma is the most prevalent and malignant primary intracranial tumor. At present，the main treatment method for glioma are surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However，similar to any other cancer，chemoresistance contributes majorly to cancer recurrence；TMZ resistance makes the therapeutic actuality worse for glioma patients. CircRNA，as a special kind of noncoding RNA，has a wide range of biological functions. It can affect the occurrence，development，invasion and metastasis of gliomas by interacting with some biomolecules such as oncogenes，miRNA or functional proteins or by coding proteins. The role of circRNA as molecular markers or potential targets will provide promising application perspectives，such as early tumor diagnosis， therapeutic evaluation，prognosis prediction，and even gene therapy for tumors.

Objective To explore the expression of IDH1，MGMT，and p53 in primary glioblastoma（pGBM） after postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy through a retrospective study and analyze its prognosis in order to provide the patients with individualized and precise treatment. Methods The clinical data，IDH1 gene，MGMT promoter methylation，and p53 protein expression of 107 pGBM patients admitted to our hospital and Zhengda First Affiliated Hospital for concurrent radiochemotherapy from January 2014 to June 2018 through the electronic medical record system. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0. Results The positive expression rates of IDH1 mutation，mMGMT and p53 protein in the pGBM patients with concurrent radiochemotherapy were 9.34%，31.78%， and 15.89%，respectively. The pGBM patients with age ≤ 55，non⁃functional area，IDH1 mutation and concurrent radiochemotherapy had longer progression ⁃free survival（PFS）and overall survival（OS）（P < 0.05）. Conclusion IDH1，tumor location，and age are independent factors affecting the prognosis of pGBM patients with concurrent radiochemotherapy. IDH1 mutation indicates longer PFS and OS in the patients with concurrent radiochemotherapy， and therefore it is an important molecular marker for predicting the prognosis of patients.

Objective To study the differential expression of the lipid metabolism⁃related gene PRKAA2 in several common tumor cells and white blood cells（WBC），in order to provide a theoretical basis for the identifi⁃ cation of circulating tumor cells（CTCs）using PRKAA2. Methods RNA⁃sequencing data from The Human Protein Atlas（THPA）were used to infer the expression abundance of PRKAA2 in WBCs. The expression of PRKAA2 in multiple cancer cells and WBCs were evaluated with real ⁃time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qRT⁃PCR）. In situ padlock probe hybridization technology was used to visually detect the PRKAA2 expression of HepG2，U87，Hela，PC⁃3 and healthy individuals WBCs. We finally spiked tumor cells in WBCs to mimic the clinical samples to verify the accuracy of PRKAA2 used to identify tumor cells. Results Compared with WBC of healthy individuals，the expression of PRAKK2 in HepG2，U87，Hela，and PC⁃3 cells was significantly up⁃regulated， and the difference was statistically significant（all P < 0.05）. In situ padlock probe hybridization experiments showed a clear distinction of the molecular expression between HepG2，U87，Hela，PC⁃3 cells（all PRKAA2+）and WBC（PRKAA2⁃）. The PRKAA2 signal and CFSE fluorescence co⁃localized supporting the accuracy of PRKAA2 for the detection of tumor cells from Peripheral blood，which was confirmed using confocal microscopy. Conclusions The expression level of PRKAA2 in tumor cell lines HepG2，U87，Hela，PC⁃3 was significantly higher than that of WBC，and the difference in the fluorescence signal of PRKAA2 mRNA can be used to accurately identify tumor cells from a large number of WBCs.

Objective To study the effect of artesunate on inducing mitochondrial apoptosis of myofibro⁃ blasts，the key cells of fibrosis，and to explore the effect on the expression of BCL ⁃2 family. Methods Human pulmonary myofibroblasts model was constructed. CCK⁃8，flow cytometry and JC⁃1 were used to detect the changes of cell activity，apoptosis initiation and apoptosis status of the myofibroblasts treated with artesunate. RT⁃qPCR and western blot were used to detect α⁃SMA and BCL⁃2 family gene expression. Results Human pulmonary myofibro⁃ blasts expressing α⁃SMA were successfully constructed by adding 10 ng/mL TGF⁃β to fibroblasts for 48 h. In artesu⁃ nate treating group，the cell viability of myofibroblasts was significantly decreased（P < 0.001），but the percentage of apoptotic cells（Annexin V+）was significantly increased（P < 0.001）. The red fluorescence intensity decreased significantly in the artesunate group［from（17.58 ± 1.08）to（1.28 ± 0.35）］，especially at 24 ~ 36 h. The red and green fluorescence intensity（JC ⁃1 signal）did not change significantly in the control group. Compared with the control group，the mRNA expression of anti ⁃apoptotic BCL ⁃2 in the artesunate group was significantly decreased （P < 0.001），but the mRNA expression of pro⁃apoptotic BIM（P < 0.01）and PUMA，BMF and HRK（P < 0.05） were increased. The mRNA expression of BAX，BAK，BAD and NOXA did not change significantly. Conclusion Artesunate regulates the pro⁃apoptotic/anti⁃apoptotic balance of mitochondrial BCL⁃2 family by down⁃regulating the expression of gene BCL ⁃2，up ⁃ regulating the expressions of genes BIM，PUMA，BMF and HRK，and triggering the initiation of mitochondrial apoptosis，thereby inducing the apoptosis of human pulmonary myofibroblasts.

Objective To explore the influence of bone marrow⁃derived mesenchymal stem cells modified with heme oxygenase⁃1（MSC⁃HO⁃1）on oxidative stress in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells（PVECs） following lipopolysaccharide（LPS）stimulation. Methods PVECs were divided into group A（PVEC + LPS）， group B（PVEC/MSC+LPS），group C（PVEC/MSC⁃HO⁃1+LPS）and group D（PVEC）. In groups B and C，PVECs were co⁃cultured with MSC or MSC⁃HO⁃1 overnight. LPS（0.1 mg/mL），as a stimulus，was thenadded into transwell co⁃culture system for 6 hours. Intracellular accumulation of ROS was measured using a commercial kit and flow cytometry. Activities of lipid peroxide（LPO），malondialdehyde（MDA），superoxide dismutase（SOD）and gluta⁃ thione peroxidase（GSH⁃PX）in PVECs were determined by using colorimetric assay. HO⁃1 protein expression of PVEC was analyzed by Western blot. Results As compared with group D，LPS⁃stimulation caused the imbalance of oxidative stress in PVECs. Co⁃culture with MSC or MSC⁃HO⁃1 significantly inhibited oxidative stress induced by LPS in PVECs，and the extent of inhibition in group C was more evident. Western blot analysis showed that co⁃ culture with MSC⁃HO⁃1 could significantly upregulate protein expression of HO⁃1 in PVECs. Conclusions MSC⁃ HO⁃1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide⁃induced oxidative stress in PVECs. The detailed mechanism might be associated with upregulation of HO⁃1 expression in PVECs.

Objective To investigate the effect of matrix metalloproteinase（MMP）11 on the proliferation and collagen synthesis of human aortic（HA）⁃ vascular smooth muscle cells（VSMC）induced by transforming growth factor β1（TGF⁃β1）. Methods The experimental groups were as follows：the control group，0.1，1，5， 10 ng/mL group（0.1，1，5，10 ng/mL TGF⁃β1），5 ng/mL+si⁃NC group（5 ng/mL TGF⁃β1+transfected si⁃NC）and 5 ng/mL+si⁃MMP11 group（5 ng/mL TGF⁃β1+transfected si⁃MMP11）. Western blotting，MTS and RT⁃qPCR assay were conducted to detect the expression of cyclin D1（CyclinD1），PCNA，Collagen Ⅰ，Collagen Ⅲ and MMP11， respectively. Results In 0.1，1，5，and 10 ng/mL TGF⁃β1⁃treated HA⁃VSMC，CyclinD1，PCNA，Collagen Ⅰ， Collagen Ⅲ and MMP11 expression，as well as proliferation activity were higher than those in the control group （P < 0.05，respectively）. The protein level of CyclinD1，PCNA，Collagen Ⅰ and Collagen Ⅲ，and proliferation activity in HA⁃VSMC in 5 ng/mL TGF⁃β1+si⁃MMP11 group were lower than those in 5 ng/mL+si⁃NC group（P < 0.05，respectively）. Conclusion MMP11 was highly expressed in HA⁃VSMC induced by TGF⁃ β1 at different concentrations. Knock⁃down of MMP11 could reverse the effect of TGF⁃β1 on proliferation and collagen synthesis in HA⁃VSMC.

Objective To detect the expression level of Src protein related to Src signal pathway in tongue squamous cell carcinoma（TSCC）and its role in the proliferation，migration and invasion of TSCC tissues. Methods From February 2012 to February 2019，20 cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and their corresponding adjacent tissues diagnosed by surgical resection and pathological examinations at our hospital were retrospectively collected. After paraffin sections were made，mmunohistochemistry was used to examine the Src expressions in the carcinoma and its adjacent tissues. The relationship between Src expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. shRNA was used to down⁃regulate the expression of SRC in the carcinoma cell line SCC127. Western Blot and RT⁃PCR were used to verify its inhibitory efficiency. CCK8 and Transwell invasion and migration experi⁃ ments were done to detect the effects of Src shRNA interference on cell proliferation ，invasion and migration. Results The expression of Src on the oral cancer tissues was significantly higher than on the adjacent tissues（P < 0.01）and it was significantly related to the patient′s tumor differentiation，T stage，clinical stage，and lymph metastasis（P < 0.05），insignificantly to gender and age（P > 0.05）. Down⁃regulated expression of Src in SCC127 by shRNA significantly inhibited the proliferation，invasion and migration of SCC127. Conclusion The protein of Src is highly expressed on TSCC tissues，which affects its poor prognosis in patients with tongue cancer. Down⁃regulating Src can reduce the proliferation，invasion and migration of TSCC，suggesting that it may be a potential target for diagnosis and treatment of tongue cancer.

Objective To assess the effects of genotype⁃guided warfarin anticoagulation in Chinese elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation（AF）. Methods All the nonvalvular AF patients were assigned into two group shaving their warfarin dose determined by an algorithm using genetic and clinical factors（genetic group）or the same algorithm using clinical factors only（control group）. For those in the genetic group，we also included genotypes for CYP2C9 and VKORC1.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samplefor patients from genetic group using standard protocols. In the control group，the physicians and pharmacists determining the initial doses used the warfarin dosing algorithm to determine patients′ initial warfarin doses. Further dose adjustments in both groups used INR measurements and standard protocols. Results The incidence of over ⁃anticoagulant and under ⁃ anticoagulant events in genetic group was lower than that in control group（P < 0.05）. The percentage of INR value in the the rapeutic range（TTR）in the first 1 month and 3 months of the genome was significantly higher than that in the control group. The cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke events occurred in the genetic group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion Genotype⁃guided dosing could improve the average TTR，improve the safety of treatment，increase the average TTR and the TTR can reach a higher level in the early stage of anticoagulation and resulted in a lower risk of ischemic stroke events significantly.

Objective To analyze the association of cardiac valve calcification（CVC）and carotid athero⁃ sclerosis（CAS）on the prognosis in maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients，and to investigate the value of combin⁃ ing CVC and CAS on all⁃cause and cardiovascular mortality in PD patients. Methods Patients underwent regular PD duration of ≥ 3 months in PD center of Wuxi people′s hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from July 2015 to December 2015 were enrolled in this study. Their clinical and laboratory information was gathered，cardiac echocardiography and carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound examination were performed in the patients. CVC and CAS are considered as risk markers，The patients were assigned to three groups based on their risk markers（0， 1，and 2）. All patients were followed up until death，PD discontinuation，or study termination（June 30，2020）. The Kaplan⁃Meier method was used to analyze all⁃cause and cardiovascular mortality. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the prediction of all⁃cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality by risk markers 0，1， and 2. Results A total of 166 patients with PD were enrolled，46（27.7%）patients were with CVC and 88（53.0%） patients were with CAS，70（42.2%）patients had no risk markers，58（34.9%）patients had 1 risk marker（CVC or CAS），and 38（22.9%）patients had 2 risk markers（CVC and CAS）. By the end of the study，34 patients had died， and 21 patients were due to cardiovascular events. According to the Kaplan⁃Meier，differences in all⁃cause and cardiovascular mortality between the three groups（P < 0.001）. The Cox regression analysis revealed that the HR for all⁃cause mortality in PD patients with 2 and 1 risk markers were 8.011（95%CI： 2.493 ~ 25.741，P = 0.001）and 2.711（95%CI：0.820 ~ 8.961，P = 0.102），and the HR for cardiovascular mortality was 6.734（95%CI：1.643 ~ 27.610，P = 0.008）and 1.694（95%CI：0.385 ~ 7.460，P = 0.486），compared with those without risk markers. When combined with both risk markers，the area under the curve（AUC）of all⁃cause and cardiovascular mortality increased when compared to any single risk marker. Conclusion CVC and CAS are risk markers for PD patients，and the combination of these two markers can better predict PD patient prognosis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of hippocampus in cognitive dysfunction in patients with anti⁃N⁃methyl⁃D⁃aspartate receptor（NMDAR）encephalitis by voxel⁃based morphology（VBM）and functional connectivity（FC）. Methods A total of 21 patients with anti⁃NMDAR encephalitis and 21 healthy controls（HC group）who matched gender，age and education were recruited. All participants received neuropsychological test. T1 image and rs⁃fMRI were acquired by 3T MRI scanner. The hippocampus gray matter volume between two group were compared by SPM8. Four zones of bilateral hippocampus were defined as ROIs. ROIs⁃based functional connec⁃ tivity analysis in the global brain level were calculated. Correlation analyses were performed to investigate the associations between brain dysfunction，hippocampus gray matter volume and neuropsychological performance. Results Compared with HC group，gray matter volume of right anterior hippocampus in patients was decreased， the FC value between left posterior hippocampus，thalamus_L and supplementary motor area_R was decreased，the FC value of the right posterior hippocampus and postcentral_L was increased. The volume of gray matter of right anterior hippocampus was positively correlated with MoCA⁃B score. The FC value of the supplementary motor area was positively correlated with the course of the disease. Conclusions There were abnormalities in the volume of hippocampus gray matter and the functional connectivity between hippocampus and other brain regions in patients with anti⁃NMDAR encephalitis，and these were related to cognitive impairment and course of disease.

Objective To study the value of injury severity score in predicting the formation of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis during hospitalization in patients with multiple trauma. Methods A total of 148 patients with multiple trauma treated in the Trauma Center of the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 1，2020 to February 28，2021 were selected as subjects，and their clinical data were collected. According to the results of ultrasound examination，they were divided into DVT group and non⁃DVT group，and the incidence of DVT was calculated. Univariate analysis andmultivariate logistics regression analysis were used to explore the correlation among demographic characteristics，trauma severity and hematological indexes that may affect the incidence of DVT. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive value of ISS for the formation of DVT in patients with multiple trauma. Results In 148 patients with multiple trauma，28（19.92%） developed DVT. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in ultrasound severity score （injury severity score，ISS），prothrombin time（PT）and D⁃dimer（D⁃D）between the two groups. Multivariate logis⁃ tics regression analysis showed that elevated ISS scores were able to significantly increase the risk of developing DVT（OR = 3.60；95% CI：1.33 ~ 9.71，P = 0.012）. ROC showed that the AUC of DVT formation predicted by ISS was 0.723，thesensitivity was 0.714，and specificity was 0.725. Conclusion ISS is an independent risk factor for DVT formation in polytrauma patients. ISS has predictive value for the formation of DVT in patients with multi⁃ ple trauma.

Objective To evaluate the anti-hypertensive amplitude，the compliance rate of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring（ABPM），and feasible path of amlodipine -benazepril tablets（Ⅱ）［AMBE tablets （Ⅱ）］in the treatment of grade 2 essential hypertension（EH）patients uncontrolled by free combination of two antihypertensive drugs. Methods A total of 93 patients who failed to meet the standard confirmed by ABPM were treated with AMBE tablet（Ⅱ）for 4 weeks，and the antihypertensive amplitude and the compliance rate of ABPM were evaluated. Results After treatment with AMBE tablets（Ⅱ），the compliance rate of ABPM was 35.5%，with a total effective rate of 72% and ineffective rate of 28%. The results of 24 h MBP［（140.76 ± 15.62）/（89.50 ± 9.86） vs.（126.00 ± 12.05）/（79.90 ± 7.58）］，dMBP［（142.56 ± 15.98）/（90.94 ± 10.68）vs.（127.50 ± 11.95）/（81.12 ± 7.46）］，and nMBP［（134.90 ± 17.26）/（84.24 ± 9.42）vs.（121.04 ± 14.29）/（76.00 ± 10.14）］were obtained. The 24 h blood pressure load value was significantly lower than that before treatment（P < 0.01），and it was safe and had mild side effects. Conclusion AMBE tablets（Ⅱ）can safely and effectively reduce the ambulatory blood pressure range of patients（an average of 14.76/9.60 mmHg），and enhance the compliance rate of ABPM in more than 1/3 patients，indicating that it could be served effectively as a treatment path for grade 2 EH patients who failed to meet the standard of free dual antihypertensive therapy.

Objective To investigate the accuracy and safety of the individualized 3D print ⁃guided tem⁃ plate in the placement of atlantoaxial fracture pedicle screws. The navigation template suitable for the placement of atlantoaxial pedicle screw was designed and made by using 3D printing technology，the accuracy of the template was verified，and the deviation of screw trajectory was quantitatively analyzed. Methods Eleven patients with atlantoaxial fracture were treated in the second affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from September 2017 to June 2019. The three⁃dimensional CT data of cervical vertebrae were collected，and the three⁃dimensional bone model of cervical vertebra was reconstructed by computer Mimics software. The anatomical characteristics of atlanto⁃ axial pedicle，spinous process，lamina and lateral mass were obtained，the best trajectory of pedicle screw was sim⁃ ulated，and the reverse template was designed according to the ideal pedicle channel. The 3D printing mechanism was used to make the patient′s cervical solid model and the corresponding atlantoaxial navigation template. A total of 44 atlantoaxial pedicle screws were implanted by the same spinal surgeon using the cervical model guide plate to assist in the simulated operation. After screw placement，thin slice CT scan and Mimics reconstruction were per⁃ formed again. The accuracy of screw placement was evaluated according to the measurement of whether the screw had penetrated the pedicle cortex and the screw，and compared the head inclination angle and internal inclination angle of the actual screw track with that of the ideal screw track. Results A total of 44 atlantoaxial pedicle screws were placed in 11 cervical models. Postoperative CT scan showed that no atlantoaxial screw penetrated the pedicle cortex，and there was no significant difference in head inclination and introversion angle between ideal screw track and actual screw track（P > 0.05）. Conclusion The individualized 3D printing individualized navigation template had high accuracy and safety in auxiliary atlantoaxial fracture nail placement，which was worthy of further clinical research and application.

Objective To explore the expression of Toll⁃like receptor（TLR），D⁃dimer（D⁃D）and secreted immunoglobulin A（sIgA）/albumin（ALB）in patients with viral repeated respiratory infections（RRTIs），and ana⁃ lyze the relationship with severity of disease and prognosis. Methods A total of 75 patients with viral RRTIs were selected as the test group，and they were divided into 3 groups（mild group，n = 25；moderate group，n = 30 and severe group，n = 20）according to the severity of the disease. Another 30 healthy people were selected as the control group. The peripheral blood TLR2，TLR9 expression levels，plasma D ⁃D levels，sIgA/ALB expression in saliva were compared between the two groups. The patients were further divided into the good prognosis group and poor prognosis group ，the expression of the above indicators in the two groups were compared. Results The expression of TLR2，TLR9 in the peripheral blood and plasma D⁃D levels of the test group were significantly higher than those of the control group，and the sIgA/ALB expression level in saliva was significantly lower than that of the control group（P < 0.001）. The expression of TLR2，TLR9 in the peripheral blood and plasma D⁃D levels showed a gradual increase trend，the sIgA/ALB expression level in saliva showed a gradual decrease trend in the mild group，moderate group and severe group（P < 0.001）. The expression of TLR2，TLR9 in the peripheral blood and plasma D⁃D levels of the good prognosis group were significantly lower than those in the poor prognosis group，and the sIgA/ALB expression level in saliva was significantly higher than that in the poor prognosis group（P < 0.01）. Conclusions Patients with viral RRTIs have elevated plasma D⁃D levels and decreased mucosal immune function， the clinical severity and prognosis of patients could be predicted based on the expression of the above indicators.

Objective To investigate the association of ApoE and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia and cognitive function. Methods A total of 84 schizophrenic patients who were admitted to Hainan Provincial People′s Hospital and Anning Hospital from January 1，2018 to January 1，2020 and 84 healthy subjects who were admitted to Hainan Provincial People′s Hospital during the same period were collected. The geno⁃ types and cognitive function of ApoE and MTHFR C677T were detected and the correlation analysis was performed. Results APOE genotype was not associated with schizophrenia（P > 0.05）. The MTHFR C677T genotype was associated with schizophrenia（P < 0.05）. The genotype was mainly CT（50%）in the control group，whereas was mainly TT（36.47）and CT（45.23%）in the study group（P < 0.05）. The index score of cognitive function was related to schizophrenia（P < 0.05）. APOE genotype was not associated with cognitive function，while MTHFR C677T genotype was associated with cognitive function（P < 0.05）. Conclusions APOE gene polymorphism is not associated with schizophrenia and cognitive function，while MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism is related with schizophrenia and cognitive function.

Objective To investigate the association of ApoE and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia and cognitive function. Methods A total of 84 schizophrenic patients who were admitted to Hainan Provincial People′s Hospital and Anning Hospital from January 1，2018 to January 1，2020 and 84 healthy subjects who were admitted to Hainan Provincial People′s Hospital during the same period were collected. The geno⁃ types and cognitive function of ApoE and MTHFR C677T were detected and the correlation analysis was performed. Results APOE genotype was not associated with schizophrenia（P > 0.05）. The MTHFR C677T genotype was associated with schizophrenia（P < 0.05）. The genotype was mainly CT（50%）in the control group，whereas was mainly TT（36.47）and CT（45.23%）in the study group（P < 0.05）. The index score of cognitive function was related to schizophrenia（P < 0.05）. APOE genotype was not associated with cognitive function，while MTHFR C677T genotype was associated with cognitive function（P < 0.05）. Conclusions APOE gene polymorphism is not associated with schizophrenia and cognitive function，while MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism is related with schizophrenia and cognitive function.

Objective To explore the effect of feeding at different times on postoperative curative effect， gastrointestinal function recovery and humoral immune indexes in patients with acute pancreatitis（AP）. Methods A retrospective analysis on the clinical data of 100 AP patients who were treated in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2020 was done. The patients were divided into three groups according to the postoperative feeding times： group A feeding within 24 hours，group B within 24 to 48 h，group C within 48 ~ 72 h. The three groups were compared in terms of the surgical indicators，curative effect，nutritional status，gastrointestinal function recovery， immune function and complication rate. Results The total effective rate of group A was insignificantly higher than group B（91.2% vs. 85.1%，P > 0.05）and higher than group C（91.2% vs. 82.1%，P > 0.05）. There was no significant difference in operation time，intraoperative blood loss and postoperative incision recovery among the three groups of patients（P > 0.05）. The time of conscious bowel movement，the time of first exhaust，and the time of defecation of group A was significantly than group B and group C（P < 0.05），and appetite in group A was significantly better than group B and group C（P < 0.05）. The levels of albumin and prealbumin in the three groups all increased significantly after surgery（P < 0.05），and among the groups，the level in group A was higher than in both group B and group C（P < 0.05）. The immune indexes of all the three groups decreased first and then increased（P < 0.05）， and immune indexes in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and group C（P < 0.05）. Suture removal time，total length of hospital stay，and total hospitalization costs in group A were significantly lower than group B and group C，and the complication rate of group A was significantly lower than group B（2.9% vs. 3.7%， P < 0.01）and group C（2.9% vs. 20.5%，P < 0.01）. Conclusion Different feeding times after surgery significantly affect the recovery of gastrointestinal function of AP patients Eating within 24 hours after surgery is safe and effective，which can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function and improve nutritional status and immune function，thereby reducing the occurrence of complications，shortening the length of hospitalization，and reducing the cost of treatment，it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To construct and evaluate the hyperuricemia prediction model for overweight and obese people. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect 5 098 overweight and obese people as research subjects. Among of them，3 582（70%）were randomly selected to form the modeling group，and the rest 1 516（30%）as the internal validationgroup. The subjects in the modeling group and internal validation group were divided into case group and control group according to the presence or absence of hyperuricemia（serum uric acid ≥ 420 μmol/L）. The case group and control group were compared in terms of clinical metabolic features and classifi⁃ cation tree and nomogram models were constructed. Finally，ROC curve，DCA curve and CIC curve were used to compare the two prediction models and analyze their clinical practicability. Results The classification tree and nomogram models of training set and validation set showed that male，Cr，TG，age，HDL⁃c，LDL⁃c were the influ⁃ encing factors of hyperuricemia among the overweight and obese people. The ROC curve of the two models in the two groups indicated moderate predictive value. The risk probability of DCA curve was in the range of 0.1 ~ 0.7，and the net benefit rate of the two models was higher than 0. The CIC curve indicated that the two models had certain clinical impact value. Conclusion The influencing factors predicted from the classification tree and nomogram models are male，Cr，TG，age，HDL⁃c and LDL⁃c，and both models are ofsome value for prediction and clinical practicability.

Objective To investigate the effects of different lamina door opening angles on postoperative axial symptoms of cervical single⁃door micro titanium plate laminoplasty. Methods We selected 107 patients with multi⁃segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated with posterior cervical single⁃door micro titanium plate lami⁃ noplasty in our hospital from July 2016 to July 2019，including 68 males and 39 females. Based on the lamina door opening angles measured on the CT images one week after the operation，the patients were divided into 3 groups： group A（< 30°，n = 33）；group B（30°～45°，n = 43）；group C（> 45°，n = 31）. The VASand JOAwereused to evaluate the degree of postoperative axial pain and the nerve recovery，respectively. Results During the postopera⁃ tive follow⁃up，the VAS scores of the patients in group C were significantly higher than the other two groups at dif⁃ ferent periods（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the JOA improvement rate among the three groups （P > 0.05），but the neurological functions of the three groups were significantlyimproved as compared with their preoperative functions（P < 0.05）. C5 nerve root palsy occurred in 4 cases（3.7%）after operation，and its incidence was not significantlydifferent across the three groups statistically（P > 0.05）. There were no significant differences in age，course of disease，and operation time，intraoperative blood loss，C2⁃ C7 Cobb angle and cervical spine range of motion among the three groups（P > 0.05）. Conclusion Posterior cervical single⁃door spinal canalplasty can achieve good spinal cord decompression and improvement of nerve function，but it may cause significant loss of cervical spine mobility and curvature. Noticeably，the larger the opening angle is，the severe the postoperative axial pain

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of berberine in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis （AGA）and its effect on the serum levels of inflammation factors. Methods A total of 64 AGA patients were randomly divided into control group（n = 32）treated with etoricoxib and observation group（n = 32）treated with etoricoxib plus berberine. The clinical efficacy ，adverse reactions and recurrent rate of the two groups were observed. Arthritis scores，the serum levels of CRP，ESR，UA，and inflammation factors（IL⁃1β，COX⁃2，NALP3 and TGF⁃β）were compared before and after treatment. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 93.75%，which was significantly higher than that of the control group（81.25%）（P < 0.05）. There was no statisti⁃ cal difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups（6.25% vs. 9.38%，P > 0.05）. The recurrent rate in the observation group was lower than that of the control group（10.00% vs. 23.08%，P < 0.05）. After treatment，the arthritis scores in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment（P < 0.05），and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（P < 0.05）. Compared with that before treatment，the level of CRP，ESR and UA of the two groups were significantly decreased after treatment（P < 0.05）， and the level of these indexes in the observation group was lower than that in the control group（P < 0.05）. Compared with that before treatment，the level of IL⁃1β，COX⁃2，NALP3 and TGF⁃ βof the two groups were significantly decreased after treatment（P < 0.05），and the level of these indexes in the observation group was lower than that in the control group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion There is good efficiacy in AGA patients treated with with berberine and it is safe. It can reduce not only the level of CRP，ESR and UA ，but also the inflammatory response effectively.

Objective All ⁃ oral direct ⁃ acting antiviral therapies are becoming the choice for hepatitis C （HCV）treatment. In this study，we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ritonavir ⁃ boosted danoprevir （DNVr）plus sofosbuvir±ribavirin（RBV）in the treatment of patients with HCV genotype 1，2，3 or 6，non⁃cirrhotic and compensated cirrhosis. Methods From July 2018 to December 2019，we registered 58 patients with HCV from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat⁃Sen University，Kunming Third People′s Hospital，Liuzhou People′s Hospital and Guangzhou Eighth People′s Hospital. All patients were treated with DNVr plus sofosbuvir±ribavirin for 12 weeks and then followed up for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the rate of sustained virologic response at week 12 after the end of treatment（SVR12）. The secondary endpoint was virologic response rate at end⁃of⁃treatment （EOT）and adverse event outcome. Results Of the 58 patients who were enrolled，5.2%（n = 3）had genotype 1a； 43.1%（n = 25）had genotype 1b；17.2%（n = 10）had genotype 2a；5.2%（n = 3）had genotype 3a；8.6%（n = 5）had genotype 3b；and 20.7%（n = 12）had genotype 6a. There were 4 patients with compensated cirrhosis. All patients completed 12 weeks of treatment and ended with HCV RNA below the detection threshold（LLOQ < 15 IU/ML）. Five patients did not complete the 12⁃week follow⁃up，and all 53 patients who completed the follow⁃up achieved a sustained virologic response（SVR12：100%）. For patients with compensated cirrhosis，12 weeks of treatment with Danorelbine plus Sulfofovir plus Ribavirin，SVR12 was 100%（4/4）treatment and follow ⁃up. Only 5 patients had mild adverse events. Conclusions DNVr plus sofosbuvir± ribavirin provided 100%（53/53）SVR12 in patients with HCV genotype 1，2，3 or 6 were safe and were well tolerated.

Objective To observe the effect of modified Qianghuo Shengshi decoction on spinal function and acute phase reactants in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Methods A total of 84 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were divided into two groups：42 cases in the treatment group and 42 cases in the control group，respec⁃ tively. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine，while the treatment group was given con⁃ ventional western medicine combined with modified Qianghuo Shengshi decoction. Evaluate the clinical efficacy， and the TCM syndrome scores，the score of BASFI，the score of BASDAI，the score of BASMI，the main clinical indicators and acute phase reactants，Quality of life scale（SF⁃36）of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. Adverse reactions were compared. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group after treatment was 95.24%，compared to 71.43 % in the control group，was statistically significant differences（P < 0.05）； The TCM syndrome score，and the ESR and CRP levels，and the BASDAI，BASFI and basmi scores，the finger ground distance，the occipital wall distance and morning stiffness time of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group，while the thoracic mobility，Schober test and SF⁃36 score were higher than those of the control group（P < 0.05）；The adverse reactions of the treatment group was 4.76%，which was 19.05% in the control group，with statistically significant（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Qianghuo Shengshi decoction combined with western medicine is effective in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis，which is related to the reduction of ESR and CRP levels.

A large number of microbes reside in the human gut，and they comprise intestinal floras. These intestinal floras play an important role in human nutrition metabolism，and immune regulation. Recent studies have found that the changes in intestinal floras and their metabolites caused by stroke can worsen the outcome of stroke and the reconstruction of intestinal floras can improve the prognosis of stroke. This paper is to review the immune response after stroke，the possible mechanisms of post⁃stroke changes in intestinal floras and their metabolites，and the possible immune mechanisms to improve the prognosis of stroke by regulating intestinal floras and their metabo⁃ lites in order to provide a new direction for stroke treatment.

Glial cells in the central nervous system（CNS）are not only nutritive and supportive cells，but also the important cells triggering neuroinflammatory response. Acute inflammatory response is generally conducive to repair of tissue damage and to clearance of cell debris and pathogens. However，chronic neuroinflammation is a risk factor for various diseases，such as neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocyte and microglia are two types of the most important glial cell in CNS neuroinflammation. They not only undergo dynamic phenotypic changes and secrete cytokines，but also have a close interaction with each other. In this review，we first provide an overview of the recent progress of research on astrocytes and microglia，then highlight the dual role of astrocyte ⁃microglia crosstalk in CNS neuroinflammation，and finally discuss their effects on neurodegenerative diseases in details. The analysis of this dynamic regulatory relationship is helpful for further understanding of the dual role of neuroinflamma⁃ tion and providing a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other neu⁃ rological disorders.