重性精神障碍患者过早死亡的直接死因、作用机制与分层干预策略

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.12.023

Abstract

Abstract:

Premature mortality represents a significant public-health challenge among patients with severe mental disorders （SMD）， as their life expectancy is considerably shorter than that of the general population. However， the patterns of causes of death and the underlying mechanisms have not been systematically synthesized yet. This article reviews the latest research on premature mortality in SMD and classifies the causes into unnatural and natural deaths， while emphasizing the exacerbating effects of healthcare-and caregiving-related factors. It further examines the differences in direct causes of death and high-risk stages among different types of SMD， and explores the underlying mechanisms from biological， psychological-behavioral， and social viewpoints. Based on these findings， stratified intervention strategies guided by cause-mechanism pathways are put forward to reduce premature mortality. Future studies integrating cohort designs， multidisciplinary collaboration， and artificial intelligence may enhance the precision and effectiveness of interventions and contribute to reducing the related public-health burden.

Key words: severe mental disorders, premature mortality, cause of death, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder

CLC Number:

R179

Feihong CHEN,Shanling JI,Yanuo XUN,Hao YU,Xia LIU. Research progress on the causes and mechanisms of premature mortality in patients with severe mental disorders[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2026, 42(12): 2259-2266.

References 88

[1]	黄悦勤. 中国精神障碍流行病学研究概述［J］. 广西医科大学学报， 2024， 41（11）： 1496-1500. doi：10.16190/j.cnki.45-1211/r.2024.11.008 . doi: 10.16190/j.cnki.45-1211/r.2024.11.008
[2]	TIAN S， WANG Q， WU T， et al. Healthy lifestyle and risk of incidence， mortality and life expectancy of mental disorders［J］. J Affect Disord， 2025， 388： 119592. doi：10.1016/j.jad.2025. 119592 . doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2025. 119592
[3]	CHAN J K N， CORRELL C U， WONG C S M， et al. Life expectancy and years of potential life lost in people with mental disorders： A systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. eClinicalMedicine， 2023， 65： 102294. doi：10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102294 . doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102294
[4]	FANG X， YU H， WU C， et al. A retrospective and comprehensive analysis of excess life-years lost， mortality risk， and cause of death among severe mental illness in China［J］. BMC Med， 2025， 23（1）： 571. doi：10.1186/s12916-025-04380-9 . doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-04380-9
[5]	KIM H， JUNG J H， HAN K， et al. Risk of suicide and all-cause death in patients with mental disorders： A nationwide cohort study［J］. Mol Psychiatry， 2025， 30（7）： 2831-2839. doi：10.1038/s41380-025-02887-4 . doi: 10.1038/s41380-025-02887-4
[6]	O’CONNOR R C， WORTHMAN C M， ABANGA M， et al. Gone Too Soon： Priorities for action to prevent premature mortality associated with mental illness and mental distress［J］. Lancet Psychiatry， 2023， 10（6）： 452-464. doi：10.1016/S2215-0366（23）00058-5 . doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366（23）00058-5
[7]	BIAZUS T B， BERALDI G H， TOKESHI L， et al. All-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with bipolar disorder： A large-scale systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. Mol Psychiatry， 2023， 28（6）： 2508-2524. doi：10.1038/s41380-023-02109-9 . doi: 10.1038/s41380-023-02109-9
[8]	CHUNG D T， RYAN C J， HADZI-PAVLOVIC D， et al. Suicide rates after discharge from psychiatric facilities： A systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. JAMA Psychiatry， 2017， 74（7）： 694. doi：10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.1044 . doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.1044
[9]	罗传琳，李媛媛，刘肇瑞，等. 精神分裂症、抑郁症、双相障碍患者自杀风险比较及相关因素［J］. 中国心理卫生杂志， 2024， 38（1）： 1-8. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2024.01.001 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2024.01.001
[10]	张建标，吕钦谕，徐健，等. 精神分裂症患者自杀因素研究进展［J］. 上海交通大学学报（医学版）， 2020， 40（1）： 112-117. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2020.01.018 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2020.01.018
[11]	CHE S E， GWON Y G， KIM K H. Follow-up timing after discharge and suicide risk among patients hospitalized with psychiatric illness［J］. JAMA Netw Open， 2023， 6（10）： e2336767. doi：10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36767 . doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36767
[12]	GOLDSTEIN T R， KENNARD B D， PORTA G， et al. Bridging gaps in care following hospitalization for suicidal adolescents： As safe as possible （ASAP） and BRITE app［J］. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry， 2025， 64（5）： 612-624. doi：10.1016/j.jaac.2024.06.008 . doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.06.008
[13]	DIEFENBACH G J， LORD K A， STUBBING J， et al. Brief cognitive behavioral therapy for suicidal inpatients： A randomized clinical trial［J］. JAMA Psychiatry， 2024， 81（12）： 1177. doi：10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2349 . doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2349
[14]	DICKERSON F， KHAN S， ORIGONI A， et al. Risk factors for unnatural mortality in persons with serious mental illness［J］. Sci Rep， 2025， 15： 36656. doi：10.1038/s41598-025-20405-y . doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-20405-y
[15]	WANG L， HONG P J， JIANG W， et al. Predictors of fatal and nonfatal overdose after prescription of opioids for chronic pain： A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies［J］. Can Med Assoc J， 2023， 195（41）： E1399-E1411. doi：10.1503/cmaj.230459 . doi: 10.1503/cmaj.230459
[16]	罗俊梅，伍振红，赖丽平. 双相情感障碍患者冲动行为现状及其相关影响因素分析［J］. 中国当代医药， 2023， 30（34）： 55-58. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4721.2023.34.014 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4721.2023.34.014
[17]	严保平，李薇，张贤峰，等. 精神障碍患者共病酒精使用障碍的现况调查研究［J］. 中国全科医学， 2019， 22（2）： 142-146. doi：10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2018.00.069 . doi: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2018.00.069
[18]	霍康明，崔明湖，张中文. 基于孟德尔随机化的精神分裂症与药物滥用和酒精使用障碍的因果效应研究［J］. 中国医院统计， 2024， 31（6）： 401-407. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-5253.2024. 06.001 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5253.2024. 06.001
[19]	ATHEY A， SHAFF J， KAHN G， et al. Association of substance use with suicide mortality： An updated systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep， 2025， 14： 100310. doi：10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100310 . doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100310
[20]	YAKOVENKO I， MUKANEZA Y， GERMÉ K， et al. Management of opioid use disorder： 2024 update to the national clinical practice guideline［J］. Can Med Assoc J， 2024， 196（38）： E1280-E1290. doi：10.1503/cmaj.241173 . doi: 10.1503/cmaj.241173
[21]	MCGUIRE J， EVANS E， KANE E. Policing the night-time economy： A systematic review of evidence-based practice［M］//Evidence-Based Policing and Community Crime Prevention. Cham： Springer International Publishing， 2021： 27-60. doi：10.1007/978-3-030-76363-3_2 . doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-76363-3_2
[22]	RICHMOND-RAKERD L S， MILNE B J， HOUTS R M， et al. Mental health conditions are associated with increased risk of subsequent self-harm， assault and unintentional injuries in two nations［J］. Nat Ment Health， 2026， 4（1）： 102-111. doi：10.1038/s44220-025-00553-w . doi: 10.1038/s44220-025-00553-w
[23]	戴边，张明君. 慢性精神分裂症住院患者跌倒的影响因素研究［J］. 浙江医学， 2022， 44（18）： 1987-1990. doi：10.12056/j.issn.1006-2785.2022.44.18.2022-800 . doi: 10.12056/j.issn.1006-2785.2022.44.18.2022-800
[24]	张申帅，张静，姚珍珍，等. 抑郁症患者认知功能损害及干预研究进展［J］. 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志， 2023， 32（7）： 664-670. doi：10.3760/cma.j.cn371468-20221002-00583 . doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371468-20221002-00583
[25]	BRUNNER E， CHEN C A， KLEIN T， et al. Joint clinical practice guideline on benzodiazepine tapering： Considerations when risks outweigh benefits［J］. J Gen Intern Med， 2025， 40（12）： 2814-2859. doi：10.1007/s11606-025-09499-2 . doi: 10.1007/s11606-025-09499-2
[26]	MORIWAKI M， KAKEHASHI M， HAYASHIDA K， et al. Impact of nurse staffing levels on patient fall rates： A retrospective cross-sectional study in general wards in Japan［J］. Healthcare， 2025， 13（1）： 88. doi：10.3390/healthcare13010088 . doi: 10.3390/healthcare13010088
[27]	王若溪，宋素怡，周勇杰，等. 严重精神障碍患者家庭照护者社会支持现状及影响因素分析［J］. 中国全科医学， 2022， 25（4）： 480-488. doi：10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.347 . doi: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.347
[28]	World Health Organization. Guidance on policy and strategic actions to protect and promote mental health and well-being across government sectors［EB/OL］.（2025-11-24）［2026-03-10］. . doi:10.59350/shdb7-h2j87 doi: 10.59350/shdb7-h2j87
[29]	HSU C Y， CHANG S S， LARGE M， et al. Cause-specific mortality after discharge from inpatient psychiatric care in Taiwan： A national matched cohort study［J］. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci， 2023， 77（5）： 290-296. doi：10.1111/pcn.13528 . doi: 10.1111/pcn.13528
[30]	LAMBERT A M， PARRETTI H M， PEARCE E， et al. Temporal trends in associations between severe mental illness and risk of cardiovascular disease： A systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. PLoS Med， 2022， 19（4）： e1003960. doi：10.1371/journal.pmed.1003960 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003960
[31]	宋艳玲，方新宇，周超，等. 精神分裂症患者代谢综合征及心血管疾病风险因素研究［J］. 临床军医杂志， 2021， 49（12）： 1346-1349. doi：10.16680/j.1671-3826.2021.12.17 . doi: 10.16680/j.1671-3826.2021.12.17
[32]	伊思敏，翁飞鸿，王婷云，等. 非典型抗精神病药诱发代谢综合征和加重认知障碍相关机制的研究进展［J］. 神经疾病与精神卫生， 2022， 22（12）： 894-898. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-6574.2022.12.010 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6574.2022.12.010
[33]	LEE Y B， KIM H， LEE J， et al. Bipolar disorder and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases， heart failure， and all-cause mortality： A population-based matched cohort study in South Korea［J］. Sci Rep， 2024， 14： 1932. doi：10.1038/s41598-024-51757-6 . doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-51757-6
[34]	王明鑫，李素霞，宋涛. 抑郁症与心血管疾病共病机制的研究进展［J］. 中国全科医学， 2021， 24（11）： 1426-1430， 1440. doi：10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.430 . doi: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.430
[35]	GOLDFARB M， DE HERT M， DETRAUX J， et al. Severe mental illness and cardiovascular disease JACC state-of-the-art review［J］. J Am Coll Cardiol， 2022， 80（9）： 918-933. doi：10.1016/j.jacc.2022.06.017 . doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.06.017
[36]	HALSTEAD S， YAP C X， WARREN N， et al. Holistic prevention and management of physical health side-effects of psychotropic medication： Second report of the Lancet Psychiatry Physical Health Commission［J］. Lancet Psychiatry， 2025， 12（9）： 673-699. doi：10.1016/S2215-0366（25）00162-2 . doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366（25）00162-2
[37]	RONALDSON A， SANTANA I N， CARLISLE S， et al. Severe mental illness and infectious disease mortality： A systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. eClinicalMedicine， 2024， 77： 102867. doi：10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102867 . doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102867
[38]	吴月静，邓伟，罗伏钢. 精神分裂症合并肺炎相关机制的研究进展［J］. 精神医学杂志， 2023， 36（1）： 100-104. doi：10.3969/j.issn.2095-9346.2023.01.023 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-9346.2023.01.023
[39]	赵伟，王玉玲，刘志华，等. 双相情感障碍患者生活质量评估及干预的研究进展［J］. 中华护理杂志， 2022， 57（2）： 170-175. doi：10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.02.007 . doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.02.007
[40]	王咏诗，黄悦勤，刘肇瑞，等. 中国成人心境障碍功能残疾的现况调查［J］. 中国心理卫生杂志， 2023， 37（9）： 751-757. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2023.09.004 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2023.09.004
[41]	昝翔，刘璐，刘志芬，等. 炎症反应在重性抑郁障碍发生发展中的作用和机制［J］. 安徽医科大学学报， 2024， 59（3）： 554-558. doi：10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2024.03.029 . doi: 10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2024.03.029
[42]	吕燕宇，贾小芳，黄绯绯，等. 膳食营养和生活方式与抑郁症关系的研究进展［J］. 中华流行病学杂志， 2019， 40（4）： 481-487. doi：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.04.021 . doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.04.021
[43]	MA X， ZHU P P， YANG Q， et al. The mediating roles of lung function traits and inflammatory factors on the associations between measures of obesity and risk of lower respiratory tract infections： A Mendelian randomization study［J］. Healthcare， 2024， 12（18）： 1882. doi：10.3390/healthcare12181882 . doi: 10.3390/healthcare12181882
[44]	WINTER S， LEE K R， FUNG E， et al. The association between respiratory failure and psychotropic medications： A systematic review［J］. J Psychiatr Res， 2024， 180： 121-130. doi：10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.10.003 . doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.10.003
[45]	LUYKX J J， CORRELL C U， MANU P， et al. Pneumonia risk， antipsychotic dosing， and anticholinergic burden in schizophrenia［J］. JAMA Psychiatry， 2024， 81（10）： 967. doi：10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1441 . doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1441
[46]	WU C S， TSAI Y T， TSAI H J. Antipsychotic drugs and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and/or sudden cardiac death： A nation-wide case-crossover study［J］. J Am Heart Assoc， 2015， 4（2）： e001568. doi：10.1161/jaha.114.001568 . doi: 10.1161/jaha.114.001568
[47]	AZFR ALI R， JALAL Z， CHANDAN J S， et al. Cardiometabolic screening and monitoring in patients prescribed antipsychotic drugs in primary care： A population-based cohort study［J］. Compr Psychiatry， 2023， 127： 152419. doi：10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152419 . doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152419
[48]	CHAN J K N， CHU R S T， HUNG C， et al. Mortality， revascularization， and cardioprotective pharmacotherapy after acute coronary syndrome in patients with severe mental illness： A systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. Schizophr Bull， 2022， 48（5）： 981-998. doi：10.1093/schbul/sbac070 . doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbac070
[49]	ALMULLA A F， MAES M. Peripheral immune-inflammatory pathways in major depressive disorder， bipolar disorder， and schizophrenia： Exploring their potential as treatment targets［J］. CNS Drugs， 2025， 39（8）： 739-762. doi：10.1007/s40263-025-01195-3 . doi: 10.1007/s40263-025-01195-3
[50]	ZENG Y， CHOURPILIADIS C， HAMMAR N， et al. Inflammatory biomarkers and risk of psychiatric disorders［J］. JAMA Psychiatry， 2024， 81（11）： 1118. doi：10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024. 2185 . doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024. 2185
[51]	管旭初，张锐钢，方晓敏，等. 抑郁症的免疫失衡表现与免疫调节治疗的研究进展［J］. 广东医科大学学报， 2025， 43（6）： 640-647. doi：10.20227/j.cnki.2096-3610.2025.06.011 . doi: 10.20227/j.cnki.2096-3610.2025.06.011
[52]	DROZD M， PUJADES-RODRIGUEZ M， MORGAN A W， et al. Systemic inflammation is associated with future risk of fatal infection： An observational cohort study［J］. J Infect Dis， 2022， 226（3）： 554-562. doi：10.1093/infdis/jiac186 . doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac186
[53]	COSTANZA A， AMERIO A， AGUGLIA A， et al. Inflammatory pathology in depression and suicide： A mechanistic distillation of clinical correlates［J］. Front Immunol， 2024， 15： 1479471. doi：10.3389/fimmu.2024.1479471 . doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1479471
[54]	BEKHBAT M， LI Z， MEHTA N D， et al. Functional connectivity in reward circuitry and symptoms of anhedonia as therapeutic targets in depression with high inflammation： Evidence from a dopamine challenge study［J］. Mol Psychiatry， 2022， 27（10）： 4113-4121. doi：10.1038/s41380-022-01715-3 . doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01715-3
[55]	GEORGE M Y， ABDEL MAGEED S S， MANSOUR D E， et al. The Cortisol axis and psychiatric disorders： An updated review［J］. Pharmacol Rep， 2025， 77（6）： 1573-1599. doi：10.1007/s43440-025-00782-x . doi: 10.1007/s43440-025-00782-x
[56]	LI J X， CUMMINS C L. Fresh insights into glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus and new therapeutic directions［J］. Nat Rev Endocrinol， 2022， 18（9）： 540-557. doi：10.1038/s41574-022-00683-6 . doi: 10.1038/s41574-022-00683-6
[57]	MAZGELYTĖ E， KARČIAUSKAITĖ D. Cortisol in metabolic syndrome［M］//Advances in Clinical Chemistry. Amsterdam： Elsevier， 2024： 129-156. doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.008 . doi: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.008
[58]	NUNEZ S G， RABELO S P， SUBOTIC N， et al. Chronic stress and autoimmunity： The role of HPA axis and Cortisol dysregulation［J］. Int J Mol Sci， 2025， 26（20）： 9994. doi：10.3390/ijms26209994 . doi: 10.3390/ijms26209994
[59]	李佳荣，张纪岩. 糖皮质激素对免疫细胞调控的研究进展［J］. 中国免疫学杂志， 2024， 40（1）： 31-36. doi：10.3969/j.issn. 1000-484X.2024.01.004 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 1000-484X.2024.01.004
[60]	ARIÑO-BRAÑA P， ZAREBA M R， IBÁÑEZ MONTOLIO M， et al. Influence of the HPA axis on anxiety-related processes： An RDoC overview considering their neural correlates［J］. Curr Psychiatry Rep， 2025， 27（10）： 593-611. doi：10.1007/s11920-025-01633-5 . doi: 10.1007/s11920-025-01633-5
[61]	YANG J， JIA Y， GUO T， et al. Comparative analysis of HPA-axis dysregulation and dynamic molecular mechanisms in acute versus chronic social defeat stress［J］. Int J Mol Sci， 2025， 26（13）： 6063. doi：10.3390/ijms26136063 . doi: 10.3390/ijms26136063
[62]	褚昊冉，崔翠翠，苏现彪，等. 线粒体质量控制在精神分裂症中的研究进展［J］. 中南大学学报（医学版）， 2024， 49（1）： 128-134. doi：10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230398 . doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230398
[63]	ZHAO Y， ZHOU Y， WANG D， et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease （MAFLD）［J］. Int J Mol Sci， 2023， 24（24）： 17514. doi：10.3390/ijms242417514 . doi: 10.3390/ijms242417514
[64]	YANG H M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases［J］. Int J Mol Sci， 2025， 26（5）： 1917. doi：10.3390/ijms 26051917 . doi: 10.3390/ijms 26051917
[65]	MEDDEB M， GOLDENBERG J R， JENKIN S C， et al. Metabolic reprogramming in heart failure： From energy starvation to therapeutic targets［J］. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med， 2025， 27（1）： 65. doi：10.1007/s11936-025-01121-2 . doi: 10.1007/s11936-025-01121-2
[66]	LAI B， GU M， SUN J， et al. Targeting mitochondria： Unveiling novel therapeutic frontiers in sepsis［J］. Int Immunopharmacol， 2025， 161： 115078. doi：10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115078 . doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115078
[67]	XIA X， LI K， JIANG B， et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in depression： Mechanisms and targeted therapy strategies［J］. Asian J Psychiatry， 2025， 112： 104694. doi：10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104694 . doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104694
[68]	SANZ-GÓMEZ S， VERA-VARELA C， ALACREU-CRESPO A， et al. Impulsivity in fatal suicide behaviour： A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological autopsy studies［J］. Psychiatry Res， 2024， 337： 115952. doi：10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115952 . doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115952
[69]	RIERA-SERRA P， GILI M， NAVARRA-VENTURA G， et al. Longitudinal associations between executive function impairments and suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder： A 1-year follow-up study［J］. Psychiatry Res， 2023， 325： 115235. doi：10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115235 . doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115235
[70]	DANIELS A， WELLAN S A， BECK A， et al. Anhedonia relates to reduced striatal reward anticipation in depression but not in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder： A transdiagnostic study［J］. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci， 2025， 25（2）： 501-514. doi：10.3758/s13415-024-01261-1 . doi: 10.3758/s13415-024-01261-1
[71]	WONG S， LE G H， PHAN L， et al. Effects of anhedonia on health-related quality of life and functional outcomes in major depressive disorder： A systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. J Affect Disord， 2024， 356： 684-698. doi：10.1016/j.jad.2024. 04.086 . doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024. 04.086
[72]	SHEN T， ZHAO M， QIAO S， et al. Management of cardiometabolic risk factors in cardiovascular high-risk populations with varying cognitive levels［J］. Aging Clin Exp Res， 2025， 38（1）： 8. doi：10.1007/s40520-025-03241-y . doi: 10.1007/s40520-025-03241-y
[73]	HAMOOYA B M， SIAME L， MUCHAILI L， et al. Metabolic syndrome： Epidemiology， mechanisms， and current therapeutic approaches［J］. Front Nutr， 2025， 12： 1661603. doi：10.3389/fnut.2025.1661603 . doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1661603
[74]	LARSSON L G， OLSSON A K， SVENSSON A， et al. Schizophrenia and physical illness： A coordinated care failure［J］. Front Psychiatry， 2025， 16： 1701118. doi：10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1701118 . doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1701118
[75]	SEMAHEGN A， TORPEY K， MANU A， et al. Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders： A systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. Syst Rev， 2020， 9（1）： 17. doi：10.1186/s13643-020-1274-3 . doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-1274-3
[76]	ZASOWSKI E J， BASSETTI M， BLASI F， et al. A systematic review of the effect of delayed appropriate antibiotic treatment on the outcomes of patients with severe bacterial infections［J］. Chest， 2020， 158（3）： 929-938. doi：10.1016/j.chest.2020. 03.087 . doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020. 03.087
[77]	SAMUEL L J， ABSHIRE SAYLOR M， CHOE M Y， et al. Financial strain measures and associations with adult health： A systematic literature review［J］. Soc Sci Med， 2025， 364： 117531. doi：10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117531 . doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117531
[78]	KÅGSTRÖM A， GUERRERO Z， ALIEV A A， et al. Mental health stigma and its consequences： A systematic scoping review of pathways to discrimination and adverse outcomes［J］. eClinicalMedicine， 2025， 89： 103588. doi：10.1016/j.eclinm.2025. 103588 . doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025. 103588
[79]	WYLLIE J M， ROBB K A， SANDFORD D， et al. Suicide-related stigma and its relationship with help-seeking， mental health， suicidality and grief： Scoping review［J］. Bjpsych Open， 2025， 11（2）： e60. doi：10.1192/bjo.2024.857 . doi: 10.1192/bjo.2024.857
[80]	OGBEIWI O， ILYAS A， HARPER M， et al. Ethnic disparities in access to mental health services for black and Asian migrants in major resettlement countries［J］. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities， 2025， 12（6）： 3676-3688. doi：10.1007/s40615-024-02168-w . doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-02168-w
[81]	KU B S， DIECI M， YUAN Q， et al. Medicaid expansion and county-level suicide： Disparities based on rurality and mental health provider shortages［J］. Psychiatr Serv， 2025， 76（7）： 620-627. doi：10.1176/appi.ps.20240444 . doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.20240444
[82]	中华医学会精神医学分会抑郁障碍研究协作组. 成人抑郁症患者自杀行为临床管理专家共识［J］. 中华精神科杂志， 2025， 58（5）： 331-346. doi：10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20240918-00309 . doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20240918-00309
[83]	中华医学会行为医学分会，中华医学会行为医学分会认知应对治疗学组. 抑郁症治疗与管理的专家推荐意见（2022年）［J］. 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志， 2023， 32（3）： 193-202. doi：10.3760/cma.j.cn371468-20220921-00563 . doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371468-20220921-00563
[84]	陆翘楚，王康，张露文. 中国中老年人的多重慢病与跌倒风险：基于CHARLS的证据［J］. 实用医学杂志， 2024， 40（13）： 1851-1858. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.13.015 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.13.015
[85]	袁俊亮，谭云龙，王强，等. 迟发性运动障碍的诊疗研究进展［J］. 中华精神科杂志， 2024， 57（2）： 121-128. doi：10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20230915-00065 . doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20230915-00065
[86]	杨永涛，崔利军，张云淑，等. 高血压共病抑郁障碍患者睡眠质量及影响因素分析［J］. 实用医学杂志， 2021， 37（16）： 2053-2057， 2064. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2021.16.004 . doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2021.16.004
[87]	季建林，叶尘宇. 行为生活方式干预在情绪障碍防治中的应用［J］. 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志， 2024， 33（10）： 865-869. doi：10.3760/cma.j.cn371468-20240909-00412 . doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn371468-20240909-00412
[88]	CAN S Y， BUDAK F K. The effect of cognitive behavioural therapy-based psychoeducation on medication adherence and aggression in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia： An experimental study［J］. Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs， 2025， 32（2）： 445-456. doi：10.1111/jpm.13127 . doi: 10.1111/jpm.13127

Research progress on the causes and mechanisms of premature mortality in patients with severe mental disorders

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References 88

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Rui GUO,Tao LIU,Xi. SU. Establishment of a nomogram model for comorbid cardiovascular disease in schizophrenia based on electrocardiogram parameters and kynurenine metabolites [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025, 41(8): 1205-1211.
[2]	Caiai SONG,Hailin JIA,Xin LIU,Lili ZHANG,Yunshu ZHANG,Keqing. LI. Distinct sleep spindle activity patterns in cognitive subtypes of first-episode schizophrenia [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025, 41(16): 2541-2548.
[3]	Yonggang MU,Longyun CHEN,Tongkuai CONG,Xuxiu JING,Suzhen. ZHANG. Clinical application of near⁃infrared spectroscopy in assisting the diagnosis of schizophrenia [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025, 41(14): 2264-2268.
[4]	Cong LIU,Fei ZHAI,Min LI,Xiaoli ZHANG,Han SHI,Ningning GUO,Changhong WANG. Association between smoking status， cognitive function， and personality traits in first⁃episode male patients with schizophrenia [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025, 41(12): 1922-1928.
[5]	Xilin WANG,Chanjuan YANG,Daomeng. CHENG. Construction of a nomogram prediction model for aggressive behavior in patients with bipolar disorder [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2024, 40(5): 677-681.
[6]	Xia NAN,Wenling LI,Lin. WANG. Advances in MRI studies of brain structure and cerebral blood perfusion in patients with bipolar disorder [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2024, 40(4): 580-584.
[7]	Tianyue YU,Qian GUO,Hao HU,Yujing SU,Jianhua CHEN. Advances in oxidative stress⁃related pathways with diagnostic and predictive value in schizophrenia [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2024, 40(20): 2935-2940.
[8]	Yanlin LIU,Hui LI,Xiaoliang. ZHOU. Effects of different doses of sodium valproate on serum TSH， PRL and DA levels in patients with bipolar disorder [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2024, 40(1): 97-101.
[9]	Zhengyuan HUANG,Lirong ZHAO,Kexuan ZHANG,Gaohua WANG,Benhong. ZHOU. The neuroregulatory effects and potential applications of urolithins in mental disorders [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2023, 39(18): 2405-2410.
[10]	Na LIU,Tiandao WANG,Chunliu YU,Yi. CHEN. Relationships of prognosis of schizophrenic patients with their serum prolactin and glial fibrillary acid protein [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2023, 39(16): 2090-2094.
[11]	ZHANG Xiaoming, GUO Bin, LIU Yanru, ZHANG Fangfang, LIU Huaqing, WANG Zhiren. . Correlation between serum FGF2，TRPC1 levels and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2023, 39(11): 1422-1426.
[12]	LU Cailian, HUANG Zhengyuan, CHEN Hon⁃ gxu, LI Shan, KANG Lin, XIONG Peng.. Research progress of long non⁃coding RNA in schizophrenia [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2021, 37(19): 2559-2562.
[13]	LI Jia, LIN Yin, JI Xunqi, KANG Yanhai, DONG Jie.. Association of APOE and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia and cognitive function in patients [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2021, 37(18): 2391-2394.
[14]	LI Jia, LIN Yin, JI Xunqi, KANG Yanhai, DONG Jie.. Association of APOE and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia and cognitive function in patients [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2021, 37(18): 2391-2394.
[15]	ZENG Gang, XIAO Aixiang, OUYANG Yanfang, LIANG Rongyu, WU Fengchun, LI Lili, LI Liyan. . Establishment and effect evaluation of In⁃ward comprehensive rehabilitation model on stable schizophrenia inpatients under closed management [J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2021, 37(12): 1626-1630.