Objective To investigate the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2（FGF2）and transient receptor potential channel 1（TRPC1）in patients with schizophrenia and their correlation with psychiatric symptoms. Methods A total of 200 schizophrenic patients admitted to the hospital from July 2019 to June 2022 and 200 normal people who underwent physical examination were selected as the observation group and control group，respectively. General data were collected and serum FGF2 expression levels were detected by enzyme ⁃linked immunosorbent assay. The TRPC1 level was detected by WD ⁃3000 automatic hematology analyzer and immunocolorimetry. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale（PANSS）was used to evaluate psychiatric symptoms. The correlation between FGF2，TRPC1 and psychiatric symptoms was analyzed by Pearson method. The diagnostic value of serum FGF2 and TRPC1 levels in schizophrenia was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. Results The expression level of TRPC1 in serum of observation group was lower than that of control group ，and the expression level of FGF2 was higher than that of control group（P < 0.05）；The total PANSS score，positive score，negative score and general symptom score in observation group were higher than those in control group（P < 0.05）；serum FGF2 expression in patients with schizophrenia was positively correlated with total PANSS score，positive score， negative score and general symptom score，while TRPC1 expression was negatively correlated with total PANSS score，positive score，negative score and general symptom score（P < 0.05）. The area under the ROC curve（AUC） of serum FGF2 and TRPC1 levels in predicting schizophrenia patients was 0.928 and 0.911，respectively，the corresponding sensitivity was 84.00% and 89.50%，and the specificity was 89.00% and 86.50%，respectively；the AUC of the two combined detection of schizophrenia patients was 0.969，and the sensitivity and specificity were 94.50% and 90.00%，respectively. Conclusion The serum level of FGF2 and TRPC1 in patients with schizophrenia is significantly increased，and the serum levels of FGF2 and TRPC1 are closely related to the psychiatric symptoms of patients.