Abstract:

At present，ischemic preconditioning（IPC）is the classic method to reduce ischemia reperfu⁃ sion injury（IRI），by repeating short⁃term ischemic stimulation of the heart，the myocardium itself could improve the tolerance of the subsequent long ⁃term ischemia ⁃ reperfusion injury. IPC has been used in some clinical practices such as coronary balloon angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting，etc. Multiple short balloon undulations or coronary artery ligation are used to achieve ischemic preconditioning. However，these ischemic preconditioning are invasive and having high risks，so its clinical application is limited. In 1993，Przyklenk et al. proposed the concept of remote ischemic preconditioning（RIPC），that is，after a transient non⁃lethal ischemic preconditioning of an organ，it could produce a protective effect on the remote organs that subsequently undergo an ischemic event. Compared with IPC，RIPC has advantages of convenience and safety，simple and easy clinical applica⁃ tion，low economic cost and small damage to target organs ，etc. ，and has a wide application prospect in clin⁃ 

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