Abstract:

Skeletal muscle plays a critical role in human locomotor system. Volumetric muscle loss（VML） often exceeds the ability of skeletal muscle to recover from its own regeneration，resulting in skeletal muscle dys⁃ function. Currently，the clinical therapies are unable to fully restore damaged skeletal muscle tissue and function； therefore，skeleton muscle tissue engineering（SMTE）offers a viable treatment option for severe myopathic injuries such as VML. This paper outlines the current status of research on skeletal muscle tissue engineering applying 3D bioprinting technology to treat skeletal muscle injuries，reviews commonly used 3D bioprinting technologies and biomaterials/inks ，and summarizes recent advances in the application of 3D bioprinted scaffolds in SMTE. In addition，vascularization and nerve regeneration are crucial for skeletal muscle repair. We further explore the strate⁃gies for vascularization and nerve connection and the research progress of skeletal muscle bioprinting，and finally discuss the future development and challenges in this field，in order to provide a reference for clinical treatments of skeletal muscle injury.

Key words:

volumetric muscle loss, 3D bioprinting, skeleton muscle tissue engineering, functional recovery