Skeletal muscle plays a critical role in human locomotor system. Volumetric muscle loss（VML） often exceeds the ability of skeletal muscle to recover from its own regeneration，resulting in skeletal muscle dys⁃ function. Currently，the clinical therapies are unable to fully restore damaged skeletal muscle tissue and function； therefore，skeleton muscle tissue engineering（SMTE）offers a viable treatment option for severe myopathic injuries such as VML. This paper outlines the current status of research on skeletal muscle tissue engineering applying 3D bioprinting technology to treat skeletal muscle injuries，reviews commonly used 3D bioprinting technologies and biomaterials/inks ，and summarizes recent advances in the application of 3D bioprinted scaffolds in SMTE. In addition，vascularization and nerve regeneration are crucial for skeletal muscle repair. We further explore the strate⁃gies for vascularization and nerve connection and the research progress of skeletal muscle bioprinting，and finally discuss the future development and challenges in this field，in order to provide a reference for clinical treatments of skeletal muscle injury.

Objective To study the effect of specific myocardial interleukin⁃8（IL⁃8）knockout on cardiac function and inflammatory response in mice with chronic heart failure（CHF）via inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3）. Methods Wild type（WT）male mice were divided into WT control group and WT model group. Myocardial specific IL⁃8 knockout（KO）male mice were divided into KO control group and KO model group. The CHF model was established by abdominal aortic coarctation. Four weeks after modeling， echocardiography and the levels of N⁃terminal proBNP were used to evaluate heart function，the levels of interleukin⁃ 1β（IL⁃1 β），interferon⁃ γ（IFN⁃ γ），tumor necrosis factor⁃α（TNF⁃α）and the expression levels of IL⁃8 and p⁃STAT3 were detected. Results Pathological changes of CHF were found in the myocardium of WT model group， the cardiac function was weaker than that of WT model group，the levels of IL⁃1β，IFN⁃γ，TNF⁃α and the protein expression levels of IL⁃8，p⁃STAT3 in myocardium were higher than those in the control group（P < 0.05）. After specific IL ⁃ 8 knockout and CHF modeled，the pathological changes of CHF in myocardium of KO model group were significantly reduced，IL⁃8 was not expressed in myocardium，the cardiac function was better than that of WT model group，the levels IL⁃1β，IFN⁃γ，TNF⁃α and the protein expression levels of p⁃STAT3 were lower than those in WT model group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Myocardial specific IL ⁃8 knockout significantly improved cardiac function and myocardial inflammatory response in CHF mice，the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation activation was a possible molecular mechanism.

Objective To observe the effect of miR⁃let⁃7c inhibitor on spermatogonial stem cells（SSCs） by transfecting it on the differentiation of SSCs and sperm quality in mice. Methods SSCs were isolated from testes of neonate mice（3~6 days old），and their purities were performed by flow cytometry with ID4 and Thy1 markers. Cultured cells were transfected with miR⁃let⁃7c inhibitor. Evaluation of the proliferation（GFRa1，PLZF，and ID4） and differentiation（C⁃Kit）markers of SSCs were accomplished by immunocytochemistry and western blot 48h after transfection. In vivo experiments，60 mg/（kg·d）intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide was used to prepare a mouse model of oligoasthenospermia，and SSCs transfected with miR⁃let⁃7c inhibitor were injected into the epidid⁃ ymis to observe the changes of spermatogenic cells and interstitial cells and analyze sperm concentration，vitality and morphology. Results The expression of differentiation markers of SSCs after transfection in the miR⁃let⁃7c inhibitor group was significantly increased；the protein of GFRa1，PLZF，and ID4 was decreased，and the sperm concentration，sperm motility and regular morphological rate of oligoasthenospermia mice were significantly in⁃ creased. Conclusion miR⁃let⁃7c inhibitor promotes the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells and improves sperm quality in mice.

Objective To investigate the expression of HOPX in gastric cancer and the ability to regulate the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and its mechanism. Methods HOPX expression in gastric cancer cells and tissues were detected by Real⁃Time PCR and Western Blot. CCK⁃8，colony formation，EdU and flow cytometry assays were performed to investigate the tumor suppressor gene functions of HOPX in the growth and proliferation capability of gastric cancer cells. In addition，TOP flash and FOP flash plasmids were transfected into gastric cancer cells， and the effect of HOPX on the transcriptional activity of β ⁃catenin/TCF/LEF was detected by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore，the effect of HOPX on the expression of GSK⁃3β，p⁃GSK⁃3β and β⁃catenin in gastric cancer cells was detected by Western blot. In order to explore the mechanism of gastric cancer cell proliferation mediated by HOPX，we further detected the expression level of β⁃catenin protein in gastric cancer nucleus and the expres⁃ sion of downstream target gene CyclinD1. Results Real time ⁃PCR and Western blot showed that the expression levels of mRNA and protein of HOPX in gastric cancer were significantly decreased，and the overexpression of HOPX significantly inhibited the proliferation and G1⁃S phase cell⁃cycle transition of gastric cancer cells. Western blot results show that overexpression of HOPX can promote the degradation of β⁃catenin by inhibiting the phosphor⁃ ylation level of GSK3β，thus inhibit the entry of β⁃catenin into the nucleus，and then down⁃regulate the expression of downstream target gene CyclinD1，so as to inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Conclusion This study found that overexpression of HOPX inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting Wnt/β⁃catenin signaling pathway. 

Objective To analyze the relationship of microRNA⁃206 gene polymorphisms and Alzheimer′s disease（AD）. Methods The SNP rs16882131 in the microRNA⁃206 was genotyped in 100 AD patients and 100 healthy controls using the SNaPshot technique. Quantitative real⁃time PCR was employed to evaluate the levels of microRNA ⁃206 expression in the peripheral blood of the two groups，and the association of the SNP rs16882131 with microRNA ⁃206 expression was further analyzed. Results There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the SNP rs16882131 between the AD patients and controls（genotype CC vs. CT vs. TT： P = 0.027，TT + CT vs. CC：P = 0.034，OR = 1.831；allele T vs. C：P = 0.005，OR = 1.860）. The microRNA⁃ 206 expression in the peripheral blood of the AD patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls （P < 0.05）. Additionally，the microRNA ⁃206 expression in the healthy controls who were TT + CT genotypes of the SNP rs16882131 was significantly higher compared with the CC genotypes（P < 0.05）. Conclusion The SNP rs16882131 in the microRNA⁃206 is associated with the susceptibility to the AD，and the T allele may contribute to risk roles in the AD.

Objective To compare the impact of intravenous anesthesia versus inhalation anesthesia on T cell subsets and CD8+ T cell surface signaling molecules in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Sixty⁃four patients with colorectal cancer undergoing elective radical resection were randomly divided into Sev group（n = 32） and Pro group（n = 32）. The Sev group was treated with inhalation of sevoflurane，and the Pro group received intra⁃ venous infusion of propofol. Peripheral blood samples were collected before anesthesia（T1），2 hours after anesthesia （T2），3 days after operation（T3）and 7 days after operation（T4）. CD4+ T，CD8+ T，CD28+ CD8+ T，PD⁃1+ CD8+ T， CD45RO+ CD62LCD8+ T and CD45RO+ CD62L+ CD8+ T were detected and analyzed. Results CD4+ T/CD8+ T at T2 was lower than that at T1 in both groups. CD4+ T，CD4+ T/CD8+ T in the Sev group were lower than thatin the Pro Group at T2 and T3，PD⁃1+ CD8+ T was higher than that in the Pro Group at T2，and CD28+ CD8+ T was lower than that in the Pro Group at T2（P < 0.05）. CD45RO+ CD62LCD8+ T and CD45RO+ CD62L+ CD8+ T in the Sev group were lower than those in the Pro group at T3 and T4（P < 0.05）. Conclusion General anesthesia may cause immunosuppression in colorectal cancer patients and the intravenous anesthesia of propofol causes less immunosuppression. Moreover ， intravenous anesthesia of propofolhas less inhibitory effect on memory T cells，as compared to inhalation anesthesia of sevoflurane. 

Objective Intracranial aneurysm is a complex disease induced by the interplay of genes and environmental factors，commonly leading to fatality and disability. The purpose of this study was to explore the corre⁃ lation between CDKN2A/B gene polymorphism and intracranial aneurysm formation. Methods Eighty⁃two patients with clipped aneurysm and one hundred and fourteen patients with non ⁃intracranial aneurysm were enrolled. SNP genotyping was used to analyze the single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNP）related to CDKN2A/B. RT ⁃ PCR and Western Blot were used to detect gene translation and expression in aneurysm walls and immunofluorescence was used to compare the volumes of protein expression of the genes. Results The p15INK4b/p16INK4a protein that CDKN2A/B gene expressed was detected in the aneurysm walls，and the frequency of allele T at rs10757272 was higher than that in the control group（P = 0.029，OR，1.658；95%CI，1.051 ~ 2.614）. The p16INK4a and p15INK4b mRNAs at rs10757272 locus were transcribed at a low level in the T/T genotype aneurysmal wall tissues（P < 0.001 and 0.014，respectively），and the p15INK4b was expressed in T/T genotype at a low level（P = 0.027）. However， there was no significant difference in the expression level of p16INK4a（P = 0.089）in spite of presenting a similar trend of low expression. The immunofluorescent staining of aneurysm wall tissues showed the identical results. Conclusion The mutation of SNP at rs10757272 participates in the formation of intracranial aneurysms by interven⁃ ing the expression of CDKN2A/B and thereby affecting the plasticity of the aneurysm wall tissue cells.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of concurrent intensive care unit acquired weakness （ICUAW）in elderly patients with sepsis undergoing mechanical ventilation（MV），and to explore the early predic⁃ tive value of modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically ill（mNUTRIC）score for ICUAW. Methods 320 elderly patients with sepsis undergoing MV admitted to the ICU of our Hospital were enrolled and assigned to the ICUAW group（n = 98）and the non⁃ICUAW group（n = 222）according to whether ICUAW occurred. The general datas， mNUTRIC score and laboratory index at ICU admission were collected and compared.The incidence of ICUAW in different mNUTRIC score evaluation groups was compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve were used to explore the relationship between mNUTRIC score and concurrent ICUAW in elderly patients with sepsis undergoing MV. Results The age，body mass index，charlson comorbidity Index score，sequential organ failure assessment score，acute physiology and chronic health evaluation system Ⅱ score，mNUTRIC score，the proportion of septic shock，the duration of MV and serum lactate level in ICUAW group were significantly higher or longer than those in the non ⁃ ICUAW group，while the serum albumin level in ICUAW group was significantly lower than that in the non⁃ICUAW group（P < 0.05）. The percent of patients with ICUAW in different mNUTRIC scores with 0 ~ 4 points and 5 ~ 9 points were 6.28%，66.67%，respectively，and the difference was statistically significant（χ2 = 132.141，P < 0.001）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showedthat concurrent septic shock（OR = 2.238，95%CI：1.099 ~ 4.555，P = 0.026），long duration of MV（OR = 1.131， 95%CI：1.019 ~ 1.254，P = 0.020）and elevated value of mNUTRIC score（OR = 2.508，95%CI：1.968 ~ 3.196， P < 0.001）were independent risk factors for concurrent ICUAW in elderly patients with sepsis undergoing MV. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve，sensitivity and specificity of mNUTRIC score in predicting concurrent ICUAW in elderly patients with sepsis undergoing MV were 0.870（95%CI：0.828 ~ 0.905）， 87.76% and 80.63%，respectively. Conclusion mNUTRIC score at ICU admission has a high clinical value in predicting concurrent ICUAW in elderly patients with sepsis undergoing MV.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of total laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with natural orifice specimen extraction（NOSE）using transvaginal specimen extraction in elderly female patients with right colon cancer in the mode of enhanced recovery after surgery（ERAS）. Methods A retrospective analysis was con⁃ ducted using the clinical data of 68 female patients aged more than 70 years with right colon cancer who were admit⁃ ted to our hospital from September 2017 to September 2020. There were 30 patients in the NOSES group who under⁃ went total laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with transvaginal specimen extraction and 38 patients in the TLC group who underwent traditional laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. The intraoperative condition，postoperative recovery， white blood cell count and serum albumin level were compared between the two groups. The enrolled patients were followed up till March 2022. Results The NOSES group had a longer operation time；lower white blood cell count on the first day after surgery；lower pain scores on the first and third days after surgery；higher serum albumin lev⁃ els on the first，third and fifth days after surgery；shorter first anal exhaust time after surgery and shorter average postoperative length of hospital stay than the TLC group，with the differences being statistically significant（all P < 0.05）. However，intraoperative bleeding，postoperative complication rate，postoperative 3⁃year distant metastasis rate and overall survival rate showed no significant differences between the two groups（all P > 0.05）. Conclusion Total laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with transvaginal specimen extraction is a safe therapeutic choice for elderly female patients and can reduce postoperative pain，postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time and length of hospital stay. It has immense significance in the clinical practice of enhanced recovery after surgery. 

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression level of HBV pgRNA and the responsiveness to nucleoside analogs（NAs）in patients with chronic hepatitis B（CHB）. Methods A total of 237 CHB patients diagnosed in the outpatient department of our hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the research subjects. All patients met the NAs treatment standard. Before treatment，all patients were tested for HBV pgRNA，and the general data，laboratory data and imaging data were collected. NAs ⁃ related drugs were administered for a 24⁃week treatment plan. The treatment response of the patients during the treatment was counted and grouped at the end of the treatment. logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between treatment response and HBV pgRNA，and ROC curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of HBV pgRNA for treat⁃ ment response. Results As of December 2021，the treatment period of all patients had expired，and a total of 207 patients had completed the treatment and follow⁃up plan prescribed in this study，with a completion rate of 87.34%. Patients were divided into complete response group（n = 87），partial response group（n = 79），and poor response group（n = 41）. There was no statistically significant difference in general data among the three groups（P > 0.05）. There were significant differences in HBV ⁃ DNA，HBV pgRNA，HBsAg，HBeAg and HBeAb among the three groups（P < 0.05）. The HBV⁃DNA，HBV pgRNA，HBsAg，and HBeAg in the poor response group were higher than those in the other two groups，but HBeAb was lower，and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. The HBV pgRNA in the partial response group was higher than that in the complete response group，and the differ⁃ ence was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in HBV ⁃DNA，HBsAg，HBeAg and HBeAb between the partial response group and the complete response group（P > 0.05）. HBV ⁃DNA，HBVpgRNA，HBsAg and HBeAg were independent risk factors for treatment response，while HBeAb was an indepen⁃ dent protective factor for treatment response（P < 0.05）. The AUC of HBV pgRNA in response to NAs treatment was significantly bigger than that of HBV ⁃DNA，HBsAg，HBeAg，and HBeAb（P < 0.05）. Conclusion HBV pgRNA is significantly correlated with the response to NAs treatment in CHB patients. 

Objective To explore the short⁃term clinical effect of the two approaches：right mini⁃thoracot⁃ omy（RMT）and partial upper sternotomy（PUS）in aortic valve replacement（AVR）comparatively. Methods A total of 240 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with RMT（n = 120）and PUS（n = 120）from August 2017 to June 2021 in Union Hospital were enrolled in the retrospective analysis. The preoperative history，general situation of operation，postoperative complications and follow ⁃ up results were compared between the two groups. Results The preoperative baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable，and all valvular surgeries were completed successfully and effectively. The cardiopulmonary bypass time（P = 0.02）and aortic cross⁃clamping time（P = 0.03）in the RMT group were longer than those in the PUS group，but the total value of blood transfusion was significantly smaller（P = 0.02），the ICU stay and postoperative hospitalization were both significantly shorter （P = 0.02，P = 0.04），and the rate of postoperative complications was significantly smaller than those in PUS group. The short⁃term follow⁃up showed no significant difference in the survival rate and the rate of major complications between the two groups（P > 0.05）. Conclusion Aortic valve replacement through RMT is safe and feasible，which can be combined with video⁃assisted thoracoscopy. Compared with PUS，RMT has the advantages of less trauma，rapider recovery，shorter postoperative hospital stay and better cosmetic results. The short⁃term effect of RMT is exactly the same as that of PUS，thus it is expected to become a routine choice for some patients undergoing aortic valve replacement in case of no contraindications.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar inter⁃ body fusion（TLIF）by multifidus ⁃splitting approach in the treatment of lumbosacral degenerative diseases. Methods A total of 127 patients with lumbosacral single ⁃ level degeneration who met the inclusion criteria from February 2017 to February 2021 were selected as the study subjects. According to different surgical approaches，the patients were divided into treatment group（n = 62）and control group（n = 65）. Patients in the treatment group received TLIF surgery after median incision and splitting of multifidus muscle，while patients in the control group received TLIF surgery after traditional paravertebral muscle dissection. Lumbar Oswestry Disability Index（ODI）and JOA scores，visual analogue scale（VAS）scores，intraoperative blood loss，operation time，postoperative drainage， length of hospital stay，and multifidus fat infiltration grade were compared between the two groups before and after treatment and at 1⁃year follow⁃up. Results The amount of intraoperative blood loss，operation time，postoperative drainage volume and length of hospital stay in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group，with statistical significance（P < 0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative ODI and JOA scores between 2 groups（P > 0.05），but ODI score in treatment group was lower than control group and JOA score was higher than control group at 3 days and 1 year follow⁃up after surgery，with statistically significant differences （P < 0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative VAS scores between 2 groups（P > 0.05）， and VAS scores of 3 days and 1 year after surgery in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group. The difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. One year after surgery，the proportion of higher fat infiltra⁃tion grade of multifidus muscle in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Compared with traditional approach，TLIF by splitting the multifidus approach for the treatment of lumbosacral single ⁃segment degenerative disease can signifi⁃ cantly improve the lumbar function of patients，and has the advantages of less bleeding，less postoperative pain， short operation time，and short hospital stay. It can reduce the adipose formation of multifidus muscle ，retain its function，and has the advantages of minimally invasive surgery，and promote the rapid perioperative recovery of patients. 

Objective To explore the effects of home visit nursing based on interaction model of client health behavior on limb balance function，post ⁃ stroke depression and patient satisfaction in community stroke patients. Methods Respectively，thirty⁃one patients from two community health service centers in Yinchuan City were selected by convenient sampling and assigned into control group and intervention group by lottery. The 31 patients in the control group received routine home visit nursing，and those in the intervention group received home visit nursing based on the interaction model of client health behavior.The simplified Fugl ⁃Meyer scale，Hamilton Depression Scale and Customer Satisfaction Scale were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention at three time points of before the intervention，3 and 6 months after the intervention. Results The simplified Fugl⁃Meyer score of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group at each time point after the interven⁃ tion（P < 0.05）. The ANOVA of repeated measuring showed that the simplified Fugl⁃Meyer score of the two groups was statistically significant across the different time points，between the different groups and on time⁃group interac⁃ tion effects（P < 0.05）. After 6⁃month intervention，the HAMD score of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group，and the patient satisfaction score was significantly higher than that of the con⁃ trol group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Home visit nursing based on the interaction model of client health behavior can effectively reduce the degree of post ⁃stroke depression in community stroke patients，improve their limb bal⁃ ance function，and enhance patient satisfaction.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，asthma and cystic fibrosis are distinct respiratory diseases that share features such as the obstruction of small airways and acute exacerbations.Secretory immunoglobulin A （sIgA）acts as a first⁃line mucosal protective barrier against inhaled particles and pathogens. sIgA mediates immune rejection and promotes clearance of pathogens from the airway surface by inhibiting adhesion of pathogens to the epithelium. sIgA is the main component of local mucosal immunity. The specific immune mechanism of sIgA in chronic airway diseases is still unclear. This article reviews the role of sIgA in chronic airway diseases.

Chronic cerebral ischemia，also known as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion，is a major cause of various central nervous system diseases with main manifestations of white matter injury and cognitive decline. Per⁃ sistent cerebral hypoperfusion has been shown to induce abnormal activation of microglia，resulting in impairment of myelin regeneration and excessive loss of synapses. During brain development，microglia can associate with multiple molecular mechanisms，such ascomplement 3/complement 1q/complement receptor 3（C3/C1q/CR3）or the C⁃X3⁃C motif chemokine ligand 1/C⁃X3⁃C motif chemokine receptor 1（CX3CL1/ CX3CR1）signaling pathway to engulf the redundantsynapses and mediate synaptic elimination. However，among a variety of central nervous system diseases including chronic cerebral ischemia，the abnormalities of the above molecular mechanisms often lead to the altered microglial phagocytosis，which ultimately results inaccumulation or loss of synapses and cogni⁃ tive dysfunction. This paper reviews the researches intothe roles and mechanisms of microglia ⁃ mediated synaptic elimination after chronic cerebral ischemia so as to look for a potential target for treating cognitive declines induced by chronic cerebral ischemia. 

Burn is a post⁃traumatic inflammatory disease. Multiple organ failure is the main cause of death after burn. Excessive systemic and local inflammation directly leads to terminal organ injury. Liver is the largest metabolic and detoxification organ of the human body，and it is easy to be attacked by endotoxin. The deterioration of liver function will lead to increased morbidity and mortality of burn patients. Therefore，the repair of hepatic injury after severe burn is of great significance. Although progress has been made in the clinical management of burns， there are still limitations in the treatment of severe burns. In recent years，Mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs）have shown great promise in tissue repair. In this review，we will focus on the role of MSCs in severe burn⁃induced hepatic injury.