实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 2722-2729.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.15.007
• 肿瘤诊治与预后专栏 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2026-05-28
修回日期:2026-06-24
接受日期:2026-06-26
出版日期:2026-08-10
发布日期:2026-08-13
通讯作者:
朱伟
E-mail:zhuwei@ujs.edu.cn
基金资助:
Jiacheng JIANG1,2,Jie MA3,Wei ZHU1(
)
Received:2026-05-28
Revised:2026-06-24
Accepted:2026-06-26
Online:2026-08-10
Published:2026-08-13
Contact:
Wei ZHU
E-mail:zhuwei@ujs.edu.cn
摘要:
血小板是血液中仅次于红细胞的细胞成分,传统上被认为主要是参与止血与血栓形成。血小板表面表达的程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1),可直接抑制T细胞功能;此外,血小板还能通过包裹循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)形成物理屏障,协同放大免疫抑制信号,构成肿瘤血行转移中的移动免疫屏障。本综述系统总结了血小板PD-L1(pPD-L1)的来源与调控机制,提出pPD-L1介导免疫逃逸的三重抑制模型;继而揭示了pPD-L1作为液体活检标志物,在逆转免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)耐药、抑制肿瘤血行转移方面的重要地位,为靶向pPD-L1的精准治疗提供理论依据。
中图分类号:
姜佳宬,马洁,朱伟. 血小板来源PD-L1在肿瘤血行转移中的免疫抑制效应及其靶向治疗策略[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2026, 42(15): 2722-2729.
Jiacheng JIANG,Jie MA,Wei ZHU. Immunosuppressive effects and targeted therapeutic strategies of platelet-derived PD-L1 in hematogenous tumor metastasis[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2026, 42(15): 2722-2729.
图1
血小板与肿瘤细胞之间的PD-L1双向调控与转移机制注:Megakaryocyte,巨核细胞;α-granules,α-颗粒;Activated platelet,活化的血小板;activate platelets,激活血小板;Tumor cell,肿瘤细胞;direct contact,直接接触;EGF,表皮生长因子;EGFR,表皮生长因子受体;Transcription,转录;fibronectin-1,纤维连接蛋白-1;integrin α5β1,整合素α5β1;GPIbα,血小板膜糖蛋白Ibα;tPD-L1,肿瘤细胞来源的PD-L1;IL-1β,白细胞介素-β1;GM-CSF,粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子;NF-κB,核转录因子-κB;STAT3,信号转导及转录激活因子3"
表1
小鼠与人PD-1/PD-L1通路的物种差异及对临床前研究的启示"
| 特征 | 小鼠 | 人 | 对临床前研究的启示 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD-1氨基酸同源性 | 与人类PD-1的氨基酸序列一致性为59.6% | - | 抗体交叉反应性有限 | [ |
| 对治疗性抗体的反应 | 部分抗体(如atezolizumab)可结合;其他(如durvalumab)不结合 | 全部可结合 | 需验证抗体在鼠源的交叉反应性 | [ |
| 小分子/肽类抑制剂 | 多数不结合mPD-L1 | 可结合 | 避免在小鼠模型中筛出假阴性 | [ |
| PD-1与PD-L1亲和力 | 较低(相对亲和力设为1) | 高(约为小鼠的3.2倍) | 人源化小鼠模型更准确评估药物 | [ |
| PD-1对Shp2招募效率 | 较低 | 更高(通过PEQ基序) | 小鼠模型可能低估PD-1通路抑制强度 | [ |
表2
靶向血小板PD-L1轴的主要治疗策略比较"
| 治疗策略 | 核心机制 | 优势 | 局限性/挑战 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 减少pPD-L1的生成与膜转位 | 抑制血小板活化/聚集,减少pPD-L1上调及tPD-L1诱导 | 老药新用,安全性相对明确;临床转化快 | 出血风险;最佳联合方案未定;需前瞻性临床试验验证 | [12-13,33] |
| 直接削弱pPD-L1的免疫抑制功能 | 化学偶联anti-PD-L1并吸附光热剂;术后局部释放 | 肿瘤归巢;可联合光热治疗 | 制备复杂;储存期短;个体差异 | [ |
| 清除pPD-L1的细胞载体 | cRGD纳米颗粒靶向肿瘤相关血小板,诱导凋亡 | 精准干预,避免全身血小板耗竭 | 需验证TAPs特异性标志物;长期安全性 | [ |
| 仿生替代pPD-L1介导的靶向功能 | 血小板膜包裹纳米内核,继承靶向和免疫逃逸功能 | 无活细胞储存问题;易于规模化 | 膜提取及涂层工艺需标准化;体内稳定性待优化 | [ |
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