实用医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (22): 3480-3489.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.22.003

• 专题报道:生殖健康 • 上一篇    

血清FGF-21、AMH及NRP-1联合预测体外受精-胚胎移植术后孕6周胎停育的模型构建与验证

张宏威,王楠,石国西,翟俊英(),钮红丽,王颖   

  1. 南阳市第一人民医院生殖科 (河南 南阳 473000 )
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-12 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 翟俊英 E-mail:zzhaijunying@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(LHGJ20200904)

Construction and validation of a model for jointly predicting early pregnancy loss at 6 weeks of gestation after IVF⁃ET based on serum FGF⁃21, AMH, and NRP⁃1

Hongwei ZHANG,Nan WANG,Guoxi SHI,Junying ZHAI(),Hongli NIU,Ying WANG   

  1. Department of Reproductive,Nanyang First People's Hospital,Nanyang 473000,Henan,China
  • Received:2025-08-12 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-26
  • Contact: Junying ZHAI E-mail:zzhaijunying@163.com

摘要:

目的 探讨移植前血清成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF-21)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)及神经纤毛蛋白-1(NRP-1)在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)术后孕6周胎停育中的预测价值,并基于血清生化指标构建早期预测模型。 方法 本研究采用前瞻性设计,连续纳入2022年9月至2024年9月期间在医院接受IVF-ET助孕并确诊为临床妊娠的322例患者,按7∶3比例将患者分为建模集(n = 225)和验证集(n = 97)。根据孕6周超声结果将建模集患者分为胎停组(n = 59)与持续妊娠组(n = 166)。采集患者基础临床资料及移植前血清FGF-21、AMH、NRP-1水平,采用多因素logistic回归分析筛选胎停育的独立影响因素,并构建预测模型。通过ROC曲线、Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验及Bootstrap重抽样方法对建模集和验证集模型的判别力、拟合度及稳定性进行评估。 结果 单因素分析显示,FSH/LH比值、窦卵泡数及获卵数与孕6周胎停育显著相关(P < 0.001)。胎停组患者移植前血清FGF-21水平明显升高,而AMH和NRP-1水平显著降低(P < 0.001)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,在控制年龄、BMI等与生殖结局相关的已知混杂因素后,FSH/LH < 1.8(OR = 1.629,P = 0.002)及移植前FGF-21水平升高(OR = 1.338,P = 0.002)仍是胎停育的独立危险因素,而移植前AMH(OR = 0.741,P = 0.010)及NRP-1水平(OR = 0.874,P = 0.007)较高则为保护因素。分层分析显示,在FSH/LH ≥ 1.8的患者中,FGF-21水平显著升高,而AMH及NRP-1水平均显著降低(P < 0.001)。交互作用分析提示,FSH/LH比值对3项指标与胎停育风险的关联均具有显著调节作用(P交互 < 0.05)。在FSH/LH较高的亚组中,FGF-21的风险效应增强,AMH及NRP-1的保护效应亦更显著。本研究构建的建模集和验证集联合预测模型C-index 值分别为0.869(95%CI:0.826 ~ 0.926)和0.835(95%CI:0.811 ~ 0.907),其预测IVT-ET术后孕6周胎停育的AUC为0.934(建模集)和0.909(验证集)均显著优于单一指标(FGF-21、AMH、NRP-1的AUC分别为0.867、0.881、0.853)(Z = 2.024、1.831,P < 0.001),且DCA曲线提示该模型在0.1~0.4的阈值范围内均提供正向临床净收益,应用价值较高。 结论 移植前血清FGF-21升高、AMH及NRP-1降低与IVF-ET术后孕6周胎停育密切相关。本研究构建的联合预测模型表现出良好的准确性与稳定性,具备较高的临床应用价值。

关键词: 成纤维细胞生长因子21, 抗苗勒管激素, 神经纤毛蛋白?1, 体外受精-胚胎移植, 胎停育, 预测模型

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the predictive value of pre-transfer serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) for early pregnancy loss at 6 weeks following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and to establish an early predictive model based on serum biochemical markers. Methods This prospective study consecutively enrolled 322 women who achieved clinical pregnancy after IVF-ET at our center between September 2022 and September 2024. Participants were randomly divided into a modeling cohort (n = 225) and a validation cohort (n = 97) at a 7:3 ratio. According to ultrasound findings at 6 weeks of gestation, patients in the modeling cohort were classified into an early pregnancy loss group (n = 59) and an ongoing pregnancy group (n = 166). Baseline clinical characteristics and pre-transfer serum levels of FGF-21, AMH, and NRP-1 were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify independent risk factors for early pregnancy loss and to construct a predictive model. Model discrimination, calibration, and stability were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and bootstrap resampling in both cohorts. Results Univariate analysis revealed that the FSH/LH ratio, antral follicle count, and number of retrieved oocytes were significantly associated with early pregnancy loss (P < 0.001). Compared with the ongoing pregnancy group, women with early loss showed significantly elevated pre-transfer serum FGF-21 levels, whereas AMH and NRP-1 levels were markedly reduced (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that an FSH/LH ratio < 1.8 (OR = 1.629, P = 0.002) and higher FGF-21 levels (OR = 1.338, P = 0.002) were independent risk factors, while higher AMH (OR = 0.741, P = 0.010) and NRP-1 levels (OR = 0.874, P = 0.007) were protective. Stratified analysis indicated that among patients with FSH/LH ≥ 1.8, FGF-21 levels were significantly higher and AMH and NRP-1 levels significantly lower (all P < 0.001). Interaction analysis further suggested that the FSH/LH ratio significantly modified the associations between these biomarkers and pregnancy loss risk (P for interaction < 0.05). Specifically, in the higher FSH/LH subgroup, the risk effect of FGF-21 was amplified, while the protective effects of AMH and NRP-1 were more pronounced. The combined predictive model achieved C-indices of 0.869 (95%CI: 0.826 ~ 0.926) in the modeling cohort and 0.835 (95%CI: 0.811 ~ 0.907) in the validation cohort. Its AUC for predicting early pregnancy loss was 0.934 in the modeling cohort and 0.909 in the validation cohort, both significantly outperforming individual markers (AUCs: FGF-21 = 0.867, AMH = 0.881, NRP-1 = 0.853; Z = 2.024, 1.831; P < 0.001). Decision curve analysis showed that the model provided consistent net clinical benefit across threshold probabilities of 0.1 ~ 0.4, underscoring its clinical utility. Conclusions Elevated pre-transfer serum FGF-21 and reduced AMH and NRP-1 levels are strongly associated with early pregnancy loss at 6 weeks after IVF-ET. The predictive model developed in this study demonstrates robust accuracy and stability, offering substantial clinical application value for early risk stratification.

Key words: FGF-21, AMH, NRP-1, in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, early pregnancy loss, predictive value

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