实用医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (13): 1997-2003.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.13.008

• 基础研究 • 上一篇    

1型糖尿病大鼠皮质神经元与突触数量变化对认知功能的影响

赵圆宇1,谭敏2,赵慧3,杨静1,赵丰4,杜江5   

  1. 1.成都市中西医结合医院病理科 (四川 成都 610095 )
    2.兰州大学第二医院风湿免疫科 (甘肃 兰州 730000 )
    3.扬州大学附属兴化人民医院病理科 (江苏兴化 225700 )
    4.浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院检验科 (浙江 杭州 610095 )
    5.四川省科学城医院普外科 (四川 绵阳 621000 )
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82474299);教育部人文社科项目(23YJA840013);四川省老年学学会项目(24SCLN004)

Effects of cortical neuronal and synaptic number changes on cognitive function in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus⁃unbiased stereoscopic study

Yuanyu ZHAO1,Min TAN2,Hui ZHAO3,Jing YANG1,Feng ZHAO4,Jiang DU5   

  1. Department of Pathology,Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital,Chengdu 610095,Sichuang,China
  • Received:2025-04-17 Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-18

摘要:

目的 探讨1型糖尿病大鼠大脑皮质神经元和突触数量变化及其与认知功能障碍的关联。 方法 采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射法构建1型糖尿病大鼠模型,将4月龄SPF级SD大鼠随机分为对照组和糖尿病组,每组各5只,持续饲养3个月后,应用无偏体视学定量分析大脑皮质体积、神经元数量及突触数量。 结果 与对照组相比,糖尿病组大鼠大脑皮质体积下降6.00%,神经元数量减少14.09%,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05),而突触数量显著减少70.14%(P < 0.05),且皮质中每神经元的Spinophilin/Neurabin阳性突触小体数量差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 1型糖尿病早期虽未引起皮质神经元显著丢失,但突触数量急剧减少可能是认知功能障碍的关键病理基础。

关键词: 1型糖尿病, 认知功能障碍, 大脑皮质, 体视学定量, 神经元, 突触

Abstract:

Objective To explore the alterations in the numbers of cortical neurons and synapses in type 1 diabetic rats and their correlation with cognitive dysfunction. Methods A type 1 diabetes model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Four-month-old specific pathogen-free (SPF)-grade Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into a control group and a diabetic group, with five rats in each group. After three months of continuous feeding, optical fractionator stereology was employed to quantitatively analyze the volume of the cerebral cortex, the number of neurons, and the number of synapses. Results In comparison with the control group, the volume of the cerebral cortex in the diabetic group decreased by 6.00%, and the number of neurons decreased by 14.09%. However, these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Never theless, the density of synapses significantly decreased by 70.14% (P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference in the number of Spinophilin/Neurabin-positive synaptic boutons per neuron in the cortex (P < 0.05). Conclusion Although early-stage type 1 diabetes does not lead to a significant loss of cortical neurons, the substantial reduction in synaptic numbers might be a crucial pathological basis for cognitive dysfunction.

Key words: type 1 diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, cerebral cortex, stereology, neurons, synapses

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