实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1923-1932.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.11.005
• 心脑血管疾病专栏 • 上一篇
狄晓凡1,2,张克梵3,张芳菁1,2,张永1,2,李明泽2,王琼英1,2(
)
收稿日期:2026-01-28
出版日期:2026-06-10
发布日期:2026-06-15
通讯作者:
王琼英
E-mail:wqyconnie@163.com
基金资助:
Xiaofan DI1,2,Kefan ZHANG3,Fangjing ZHANG1,2,Yong ZHANG1,2,Mingze LI2,Qiongying WANG1,2(
)
Received:2026-01-28
Online:2026-06-10
Published:2026-06-15
Contact:
Qiongying WANG
E-mail:wqyconnie@163.com
摘要:
目的 探讨不同血压昼夜节律模式的临床特征,确定与正常杓型模式相比,特定的异常模式是否与发生CSFP的风险增加相关,并探究血压昼夜节律、夜间血压下降率与冠状动脉慢血流之间的相关性。 方法 共纳入2019—2024年间因“胸闷、胸痛”症状在兰州大学第二医院心内科接受冠状动脉造影(CAG)且无显著狭窄(狭窄程度≤ 40%)的275例患者,其中包括高血压患者、冠状动脉慢血流(CSFP)患者及高血压合并CSFP的患者。根据夜间血压下降率,将所有患者分为4组:杓型组、反杓型组、非杓型组和超杓型组。收集一般临床资料、冠状动脉造影结果和动态血压监测(ABPM)数据,并比较24 h、日间和夜间平均血压(BP)、晨峰血压及夜间血压下降率。采用线性相关分析和线性回归分析探讨CSFP与夜间血压下降率的相关性。 结果 相关分析结果显示,校正TIMI帧数(cTFC)与夜间SBP下降率(r = -0.186,P < 0.001)、DBP下降率(r = -0.206,P < 0.001)均呈显著负相关。多元线性回归分析证实,夜间血压下降率是CSFP的独立影响因素(P < 0.05),在调整了性别、年龄、体质量指数、吸烟、合并糖尿病、合并脑梗死等混杂因素后,相关性依然显著。 结论 收缩压和舒张压的夜间血压下降率均与冠状动脉慢血流现象独立相关,对高血压患者进行动态血压监测可能有助于监测CSFP。
中图分类号:
狄晓凡,张克梵,张芳菁,张永,李明泽,王琼英. 血压昼夜节律与冠状动脉慢血流现象的临床相关性分析[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2026, 42(11): 1923-1932.
Xiaofan DI,Kefan ZHANG,Fangjing ZHANG,Yong ZHANG,Mingze LI,Qiongying WANG. Clinical correlation analysis of blood pressure circadian rhythm and coronary slow flow phenomenon[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2026, 42(11): 1923-1932.
表1
研究对象的一般临床资料 (例(%))"
| 项目 | 杓形组(n = 72) | 反杓形组(n = 67) | 非杓形组(n = 118) | 深杓形组(n = 18) | F/χ2值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别/例 | 7.361 | 0.061 | ||||
| 男 | 44 | 28 | 79 | 10 | ||
| 女 | 28 | 39 | 39 | 8 | ||
| 年龄(x ± s)/岁 | 58.84 ± 8.035 | 61.61 ± 8.22 | 58.47 ± 10.16 | 61.73 ± 11.59 | 1.289 | 0.280 |
| 体质量指数(x ± s)/(kg/m2) | 25.55 ± 3.27 | 25.53 ± 3.50 | 25.34 ± 5.02 | 23.98 ± 1.64 | 0.469 | 0.704 |
| 高血压 | 46(63.89) | 56(83.58) | 70(59.32) | 11(61.11) | 7.032 | 0.071 |
| CSPF | 49(68.06) | 51(76.12) | 95(80.51) | 8(44.44) | 7.247 | 0.064 |
| T2DM | 13(19.40) | 13(19.40) | 23(19.49) | 0(0.00) | 2.595 | 0.046 |
| 脑梗 | 5(6.94) | 15(22.39) | 18(15.25) | 2(11.11) | 4.276 | 0.233 |
| 吸烟 | 26(36.36) | 3(4.48)*#△ | 26(22.03) | 7(38.89) | 13.316 | 0.004 |
表2
研究对象的实验室检验资料 (x ± s)"
| 项目 | 杓形组(n = 72) | 反杓形组(n = 67) | 非杓形组(n = 118) | 深杓形组(n = 18) | F值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC/(×109/L) | 5.92 ± 1.48 | 6.38 ± 1.31 | 6.42 ± 1.81 | 6.4 ± 2.88 | 0.830 | 0.479 |
| RBC/(×1012/L) | 4.90 ± 0.52 | 4.68 ± 0.52* | 4.94 ± 0.58 | 4.91 ± 0.57 | 1.818 | 0.146 |
| PLT/(×109/l) | 194.41 ± 51.25 | 199.33 ± 54.72 | 188.52 ± 51.5 | 179.64 ± 45.64 | 0.578 | 0.630 |
| 空腹血糖/(mmol/L) | 5.15 ± 1.03 | 5.15 ± 1.22 | 5.58 ± 1.84 | 4.68 ± 0.67 | 1.189 | 0.317 |
| 餐后2 h血糖/(mmol/L) | 7.80 ± 3.32 | 7.80 ± 2.85 | 8.36 ± 3.36 | 7.37 ± 1.97 | 0.383 | 0.765 |
| BUN/(mmol/L) | 5.18 ± 1.50*△ | 6.49 ± 1.79# | 5.96 ± 1.79 | 6.78 ± 1.28 | 5.302 | 0.002 |
| SCr/(μmol/L) | 70.46 ± 11.69 | 67.84 ± 12.59△ | 68.54 ± 16.63 | 84.66 ± 16.96*# | 4.279 | 0.006 |
| UA/(μmol/L) | 357.53 ± 79.81* | 320.98 ± 94.95 | 315.07 ± 87.47 | 345.29 ± 75.27 | 2.439 | 0.066 |
| K/(mmol/L) | 3.80 ± 0.29 | 3.81 ± 0.31 | 3.73 ± 0.44 | 3.77 ± 0.43 | 0.471 | 0.703 |
| NA/(mmol/L) | 139.58 ± 2.32 | 139.64 ± 2.74 | 139.16 ± 2.45 | 139.95 ± 2.42 | 0.589 | 0.623 |
| CA/(mmol/L) | 4.59 ± 15.34 | 2.31 ± 0.11 | 6.46 ± 19.97 | 2.33 ± 0.09 | 0.739 | 0.530 |
| TC/(mmol/L) | 3.9 ± 0.85 | 3.86 ± 1.08 | 3.89 ± 0.91 | 3.96 ± 0.59 | 0.033 | 0.992 |
| TG/(mmol/L) | 1.6 ± 1.13 | 1.77 ± 0.77 | 2.06 ± 1.6 | 2.15 ± 1.4 | 1.38 | 0.251 |
| HDL/(mmol/L) | 1.14 ± 0.28 | 1.15 ± 0.26 | 1.13 ± 0.33 | 1.18 ± 0.36 | 0.111 | 0.953 |
| LDL/(mmol/L) | 2.53 ± 0.79 | 2.49 ± 1.05 | 2.41 ± 0.81 | 2.47 ± 0.35 | 0.194 | 0.900 |
| CK/(U/L) | 101.39 ± 76.75 | 95.93 ± 74.10 | 128.28 ± 185.92 | 84.18 ± 28.46 | 0.795 | 0.498 |
| CKMB/(U/L) | 12.3 ± 3.67 | 10.8 ± 6.03* | 15.14 ± 10.45 | 13.55 ± 3.14 | 3.002 | 0.032 |
| DDIM/(μg/mL) | 0.43 ± 0.66 | 0.46 ± 0.33 | 0.30 ± 0.25 | 0.48 ± 0.41 | 1.759 | 0.157 |
| TT3/(nmol/L) | 1.55 ± 0.35 | 1.53 ± 0.28 | 1.50 ± 0.48 | 1.57 ± 0.14 | 0.158 | 0.924 |
| TT4/(nmol/L) | 103.76 ± 24.75* | 104.52 ± 27.67* | 92.53 ± 27.31 | 105.65 ± 14.42 | 2.768 | 0.044 |
| FT3/(pmol/L) | 5.06 ± 0.58 | 4.90 ± 0.58 | 5.03 ± 1.16 | 5.43 ± 0.42 | 1.066 | 0.365 |
| FT4/(pmol/L) | 15.85 ± 3.07* | 15.06 ± 1.86 | 14.14 ± 2.97 | 15.91 ± 2.69* | 4.048 | 0.008 |
| TSH/(mIU/L) | 2.97 ± 1.98 | 78.89 ± 483.94 | 3.37 ± 3.18 | 2.27 ± 1.22 | 1.005 | 0.392 |
表3
研究对象的超声心动图相关资料 (x ± s)"
| 项目 | 杓形组(n = 72) | 反杓形组(n = 67) | 非杓形组(n = 118) | 深杓形组(n = 18) | F值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LA/mm | 32.11 ± 3.83 | 32.76 ± 3.54 | 32.05 ± 5.56 | 30.84 ± 3.13 | 0.523 | 0.667 |
| LV/cm | 4.68 ± 0.37△ | 4.51 ± 0.82 | 4.41 ± 0.89 | 4.09 ± 1.44 | 1.841 | 0.142 |
| IVST/cm | 0.87 ± 0.12 | 0.84 ± 0.21△ | 0.83 ± 0.20 | 0.69 ± 0.26*# | 2.679 | 0.049 |
| LVPWT/cm | 0.87 ± 0.10△ | 0.83 ± 0.18△ | 0.82 ± 0.18 | 0.72 ± 0.26 | 2.419 | 0.068 |
| SV/mL | 69.98 ± 14.16* | 67.83 ± 15.61 | 63.86 ± 15.16 | 60.22 ± 16.2 | 2.113 | 0.101 |
| LVEF/% | 68.70 ± 6.32△ | 69.72 ± 5.59*△ | 67.01 ± 6.65 | 63.8 ± 4.44 | 3.327 | 0.021 |
| CO/(L/min) | 4.94 ± 1.09*△ | 4.86 ± 1.06*△ | 4.34 ± 1.14 | 3.68 ± 0.93 | 5.633 | 0.001 |
| CI/[L/(min·m2)] | 3.20 ± 2.79* | 2.83 ± 0.57 | 2.51 ± 0.61 | 2.15 ± 0.34 | 2.343 | 0.075 |
| E/(m/s) | 0.61 ± 0.16△ | 0.68 ± 0.18 | 0.64 ± 0.16△ | 0.78 ± 0.11 | 3.284 | 0.022 |
| A/(m/s) | 0.74 ± 0.15 | 0.73 ± 0.13 | 0.73 ± 0.18 | 0.79 ± 0.17 | 0.519 | 0.670 |
| E/A | 0.85 ± 0.24 | 0.96 ± 0.35 | 0.93 ± 0.33 | 1.01 ± 0.23 | 1.321 | 0.269 |
| E/e′ | 11.19 ± 3.59△ | 12.52 ± 4.75 | 11.93 ± 3.42 | 14.71 ± 8.50 | 1.995 | 0.117 |
表4
研究对象的动态血压数据 (x ± s)"
| 项目 | 杓形组(n = 72) | 反杓形组(n = 67) | 非杓形组(n = 118) | 深杓形组(n = 18) | F值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 白天SBP/mmHg | 124.98 ± 14.82 | 126.95 ± 12.69* | 121.04 ± 13.91△ | 130.18 ± 15.54 | 2.487 | 0.062 |
| 白天DBP/mmHg | 73.41 ± 7.33 | 74.93 ± 8.35 | 73.11 ± 9.82 | 77.55 ± 12.09 | 1.000 | 0.394 |
| 白天P/(次/min) | 69.73 ± 7.62 | 67.10 ± 9.70 | 68.36 ± 8.24 | 71.27 ± 9.02 | 1.064 | 0.366 |
| 夜间SBP/mmHg | 109.34 ± 13.23* | 133.41 ± 13.43*#△ | 116.03 ± 13.98#△ | 100.27 ± 13.67* | 30.015 | < 0.001 |
| 夜间DBP/mmHg | 64.70 ± 7.32* | 77.63 ± 9.18*#△ | 69.45 ± 9.77#△ | 61.45 ± 10.60* | 17.827 | < 0.001 |
| 夜间P/(次/min) | 60.43 ± 8.72 | 61.39 ± 9.50 | 62.53 ± 8.83 | 59.09 ± 7.38 | 0.812 | 0.489 |
| 清晨SBP/mmHg | 129.07 ± 18.80 | 131.34 ± 14.89 | 124.37 ± 20.89 | 119.82 ± 20.04 | 1.880 | 0.135 |
| 清晨DBP/mmHg | 71.95 ± 7.84 | 78.46 ± 9.47# | 76.73 ± 16.37 | 76.45 ± 18.00 | 1.927 | 0.127 |
| 清晨P/(次/min) | 68.09 ± 8.69 | 66.54 ± 11.32 | 67.82 ± 10.52 | 70.00 ± 14.50 | 0.362 | 0.78 |
| 24 h SBP/mmHg | 120.68 ± 14.27 | 128.66 ± 12.79*#△ | 119.70 ± 13.81 | 112.27 ± 36.47 | 4.288 | 0.006 |
| 24 h DBP/mmHg | 70.93 ± 7.13 | 75.88 ± 8.78*# | 72.21 ± 9.60 | 72.64 ± 11.78 | 2.351 | 0.074 |
| 24 h P/(次/min) | 67.30 ± 7.72 | 65.59 ± 9.46 | 66.75 ± 7.96 | 67.82 ± 9.04 | 0.384 | 0.765 |
| SBP夜间下降率/% | 12.50 ± 2.59*△ | -5.07 ± 2.78*#△ | 4.22 ± 3.07#△ | 23.18 ± 2.68*# | 419.445 | < 0.001 |
| DBP夜间下降率/% | 11.84 ± 5.01*△ | -3.32 ± 5.69*#△ | 4.92 ± 5.33#△ | 20.91 ± 2.39*# | 93.258 | < 0.001 |
| SBP血压晨峰/mmHg | 28.82 ± 14.53* | 6.59 ± 12.57*#△ | 16.96 ± 17.01# | 25.00 ± 13.91 | 16.012 | < 0.001 |
| DBP血压晨峰/mmHg | 14.59 ± 7.34 | 7.44 ± 8.24*#△ | 13.82 ± 13.29 | 20.09 ± 14.00 | 5.526 | 0.001 |
| 动脉硬化指数 | 0.59 ± 0.14 | 0.64 ± 0.11*△ | 0.58 ± 0.15 | 0.54 ± 0.07 | 2.746 | 0.045 |
表5
冠状动脉TIMI帧数与不同时段血压指标的相关性系数"
| 项目 | LAD CTFC | LCX TFC | RCA TFC | 平均TFC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | |
| 白天SBP | -0.069 | 0.329 | -0.065 | 0.357 | -0.087 | 0.220 | -0.084 | 0.238 |
| 白天DBP | -0.057 | 0.418 | -0.038 | 0.591 | -0.065 | 0.358 | -0.060 | 0.395 |
| 白天P | -0.159 | 0.024 | -0.159 | 0.024 | -0.138 | 0.051 | -0.170 | 0.016 |
| 白天SBP血压负荷 | -0.084 | 0.237 | -0.076 | 0.286 | -0.084 | 0.233 | -0.091 | 0.197 |
| 白天DBP血压负荷 | -0.015 | 0.838 | -0.008 | 0.910 | 0.016 | 0.826 | -0.001 | 0.986 |
| 夜间SBP | 0.075 | 0.291 | 0.025 | 0.726 | 0.041 | 0.559 | 0.051 | 0.472 |
| 夜间DBP | 0.108 | 0.128 | 0.076 | 0.284 | 0.076 | 0.285 | 0.095 | 0.177 |
| 夜间P | -0.010 | 0.889 | -0.014 | 0.845 | 0.025 | 0.720 | 0.002 | 0.977 |
| 夜间SBP血压负荷 | 0.097 | 0.170 | 0.064 | 0.369 | 0.039 | 0.580 | 0.072 | 0.308 |
| 夜间DBP血压负荷 | 0.069 | 0.329 | 0.077 | 0.275 | 0.033 | 0.645 | 0.074 | 0.299 |
| 清晨SBP | 0.079 | 0.267 | 0.034 | 0.628 | 0.055 | 0.435 | 0.062 | 0.385 |
| 清晨DBP | 0.020 | 0.782 | -0.008 | 0.915 | -0.008 | 0.914 | 0.001 | 0.998 |
| 清晨P | -0.025 | 0.728 | -0.043 | 0.541 | -0.032 | 0.651 | -0.038 | 0.591 |
| 24 h SBP | -0.028 | 0.688 | -0.042 | 0.553 | -0.05 | 0.480 | -0.046 | 0.514 |
| 24 h DBP | 0.006 | 0.936 | 0.01 | 0.893 | -0.015 | 0.838 | -0.001 | 0.994 |
| 24 h P | -0.125 | 0.077 | -0.126 | 0.074 | -0.097 | 0.170 | -0.130 | 0.067 |
| 24 h SBP血压负荷 | -0.014 | 0.846 | -0.024 | 0.740 | -0.039 | 0.585 | -0.030 | 0.676 |
| 24 h DBP血压负荷 | 0.026 | 0.713 | 0.020 | 0.773 | 0.023 | 0.747 | 0.026 | 0.716 |
| SBP夜间血压下降率 | -0.206** | < 0.001 | -0.123* | 0.033 | -0.175* | 0.013 | -0.186** | < 0.001 |
| DBP夜间血压下降率 | -0.216** | < 0.001 | -0.145* | 0.040 | -0.192** | < 0.001 | -0.206** | < 0.001 |
| SBP血压晨峰 | 0.022 | 0.757 | 0.056 | 0.429 | 0.039 | 0.581 | 0.045 | 0.525 |
| DBP血压晨峰 | -0.061 | 0.390 | -0.019 | 0.794 | -0.077 | 0.275 | -0.059 | 0.406 |
| 动脉硬化指数 | 0.170* | 0.016 | 0.179* | 0.011 | 0.082* | 0.014 | 0.158* | 0.025 |
表6
冠状动脉TIMI帧数与夜间血压下降率的多元线性回归分析模型"
| 项目 | SBP夜间血压下降率 | DBP夜间血压下降率 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95%CI | P值 | β | 95%CI | P值 | |
| LAD CTFC | -0.214 | -0.360 ~ -0.067 | < 0.01 | -0.171 | -0.311 ~ -0.031 | < 0.01 |
| LCX TFC | -0.151 | -0.326 ~ 0.023 | < 0.05 | -0.114 | -0.280 ~ 0.052 | < 0.05 |
| RCA TFC | -0.243 | -0.435 ~ -0.051 | < 0.05 | -0.205 | -0.388 ~ -0.022 | < 0.01 |
| 平均TFC | -0.203 | -0.351 ~ -0.054 | < 0.01 | -0.163 | -0.305 ~ -0.022 | < 0.01 |
图1
冠状动脉TIMI帧数与夜间血压下降率的多元线性回归分析模型注:A,LAD CTFC与夜间血压下降率的相关性;B,LCX TFC与夜间血压下降率的相关性;C,RCA TFC与夜间血压下降率的相关性;D,Average TFC与夜间血压下降率的相关性。红色点及拟合线代表SBP夜间下降率,蓝色点及拟合线代表DBP夜间下降率。Nocturnal Blood Pressure Decline Rate (%),夜间血压下降率(%);Nocturnal SBP Decline Rate,夜间收缩压下降率;Nocturnal DBP Decline Rate,夜间舒张压下降率;TFC,TIMI Frame Count,心肌梗死溶栓试验帧数;LAD,Left Anterior Descending Artery,左前降支;LCX,Left Circumflex Artery,左回旋支;RCA,Right Coronary Artery,右冠状动脉;Average TFC,冠状动脉平均TIMI帧数"
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