Since New Coronal Pneumonia was prevalent all over the world in 2019，many patients who have been infected with New Coronal Pneumonia have different symptoms after acute infection，involving various organs of the body，and their symptoms may last for a long time，which is calledLong COVID⁃19 syndrome. Long COVID⁃19 syndrome is not equal to the sequelae of COVID⁃19，it′s a long⁃term persistent symptom after virusinfec⁃ tion，mainly involves respiratory，cardiovascular，nervous，digestive and other systems.This paper reviews the Long COVID ⁃19 syndrome，aiming to improve the clinical attention to the Long COVID ⁃ 19 syndrome and improve the treatment effect of COVID⁃19. 

Radiotherapy is a preferred approach to nasopharyngeal carcinoma，with intensity⁃modulated ra⁃ diotherapy as a main option. However，radiotherapy targets a large area generally involving nasopharyngeal skull base and neck and thus led to carotid arterial injuries，resulting in atherosclerosis and such other adverse events as stroke. As a fallout，it will undermine the quality of life of patients and even cause disability and death. Up to date，the effect of radiotherapy on a the risk tissue of carotid artery has been generally ignored by radiation oncolo⁃ gists and the relevant studies on the effects are very few，let alone an effective model of radiation protection. This article reviews the mechanism，diagnosis and prevention of radiotherapy⁃induced carotid arterial injuries for naso⁃ pharyngeal carcinoma，aiming to increase the attention of radiation oncologists to radiotherapy⁃reduced carotid arte⁃ rial injuries and provide guidance for related research. 

Objective To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of ANP32B in lung cancer（LC）. Methods The mRNA expression of ANP32B in lung cancer was analyzed using theTCGA public database.Through Kaplan ⁃Meier Plotter bioinformatics database，the relationship between ANP32B expression and patient prognosis was retrieved and analyzed. The expression gap of ANP32B in lung cancer cells and normal lung epithelial cells was determined by in vitro cell assay. The expression level of ANP32B was silenced in lung cancer cell lines，the number of cell clusters was counted using the plate cloning assay，and wound healing was observed using the scratch assay. Results The expression level of ANP32B in lung cancer tissue was higher than that in paracancerous tissue according to TCGA database analysis，with statistical significance（P < 0.001）；The Kaplan⁃Meier Plotter⁃ bioinformatics database found that the overall survival（OS）of lung cancer patients with high ANP32B expression was shorter.The expression level of ANP32B was silenced in lung cancer cell lines，the number of cell clusters was counted using the plate cloning assay，and wound healing was observed using the scratch assay. Conclusions ANP32B is highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and lung cancer cell lines. Silencing ANP32B expression levels significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 cells.ANP32B may inhibit the apoptosis of A549 cells. 

Objective To explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of gingerol on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）⁃ induced procoagulant and fibrinolytic inhibition in acute respiratory distress syndrome（ARDS）rats and its possible mechanism. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group，LPS group and different dose of gingerol group（10 m/kg，20 m/kg，30 m/kg）. The ARDS model of rats was induced by LPS intratracheal atomization inhalation and treated by intraperitoneal injection of different doses of gingerol. The pathological changes of rat lung were observed by H&E staining，and the degree of lung injury was evaluated. The wet/dry ratio of lung tissue was calculated to evaluate pulmonary edema；the mRNA expression of tissue factor（TF），and plasminogen activator inhibitor⁃1（PAI⁃1） was detected by real⁃time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction；western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TF，PAI⁃1 and nuclear factor⁃ κB p65（p65），phosphorylation of p65（p⁃p65），inhibitor of nuclear factor⁃κB kinase（IKKβ）and phos⁃ phorylation of IKKβ（p⁃IKKβ）in lung tissues. Results Compared with those in the control group，the pulmonary tissues in the model group were seen with damaged alveolar structures，widened alveolar septa，increased inflam⁃ matory cell infiltration and increased lung injury score. The mRNA level of TF and PAI⁃1 in lung tissue was signifi⁃ cantly increased，and the protein expression level of TF，PAI⁃1，p65 and IKK in lung tissue of group A was signifi⁃ cantly increased. Compared to those in the model group，lung tissues in mice of gingerol groups were seen with decreased deconstruction，narrowed alveolar septa，decreased inflammtory cells infiltration and declined lung injury score. In gingerol groups，pulmonary expressions of TF，PAI⁃1，p⁃p65，and p⁃IKKβ protein were all decreased or declined，among which the changes of above indexes in mice with high dose gingerol were more obvious than those in mice with medium and low dose. Conclusion Gingerol dose⁃dependently ameliorates alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition and reduces lung injury for LPS⁃induced ARDS in rat，and the effects might be associated with the inactivation of NF⁃ κ B signal pathway. 

Objective To explore the mechanism of liver injury induced by antituberculosis drug pyrazin⁃ amide（PZA）based on high mobility group protein 1（HMGB1）/extracellular vesicles（EVs）signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3）pathway. Methods 24 WT mice were randomly divided into two groups： WT+Con group and WT+PZA group；and 24 HMGB1⁃KO mice were randomly divided into two groups：HMGB1⁃ KO+Con group and HMGB1⁃KO+PZA group. Western blot was used to analyze the HMGB1 expression and the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages in mouse liver. In vitro，CCK⁃8 experiment was used to detect the effect of PZA（0，2，4，8，16，32 μmol/L）with gradient concentration on the activity of Huh7. The EVs released by Huh7 cells overexpressed by HMGB1 was isolated by ultracentrifugation，and its effect on the activation of THP⁃ 1 was analyzed. HMGB1 siRNAs was transfected into PZA⁃treated Huh7 cells，and EVs was isolated to detect the protein level of STAT3. Results Compared with 0 d，the level of HMGB1 in liver tissue of mice on 4 d，8 d，12 d and 16 d after PZA administration was significantly increased（P < 0.05）. Cell viability showed that PZA inhibited the proliferation of Huh7 cells，and the IC50 value was 5.62 ± 0.39 μmol/L. Compared with WT+Con group，in WT+ PZA group，significant progressive weight loss was observed（P < 0.001），and serum ALT and AST levels were significantly increased （P < 0.01）. Compared with WT+PZA group ，the weight of HMGB1⁃KO+PZA group increased significantly（P < 0.001），and the serum levels of ALT and AST decreased significantly（P < 0.05）. Compared with WT+PZA group，the expression of i⁃NOS in liver tissue of HMGB1⁃KO+PZA group decreased signif⁃icantly（P < 0.001），and the expression of CD206 increased significantly（P < 0.05）. Compared with EVs ⁃Vector group，the expression of iNOS in THP⁃ 1 cells in EVs⁃HMGB1 group increased significantly（P < 0.001）. Compared with Con+ si ⁃NC group，the level of STAT3 in EVs of Huh7 cells in PZA+ si ⁃NC group increased，while HMGB1 knockout could weaken the effect of PZA. Conclusion HMGB1 gene knockout in mice reverses PZA⁃induced liver injury and M1 macrophage activation. In addition，PZA⁃induced HMGB1 upregulation can promote the secre⁃ tion of STAT3⁃rich EVs by hepatocytes，and the EVs can promote the polarization of M1 macrophages. 

Objective To study the effects of intrahepatic cholestasis on intestinal bile acid metabolism and intestinal flora，and to lay the groundwork for further revealing the effect of intrahepatic cholestasis on the body and its mechanism. Methods Twenty male BALB/C mice were divided into model group and normal group，with 10 mice in each group. Based on multiple reaction monitoring（MRM）⁃based targeted metabolomics，the effect of intrahepatic cholestasis on 33 bile acids in the intestines of mice was analyzed，and the changes of intestinal flora in ileum and colon were detected by high ⁃throughput sequencing. Results There was a great difference in the distribution of bile acid spectrum between the two groups. Primary bile acids such as CA，UDCA and TCA were enriched in the model group，while secondary bile acids such as HDCA，GLCA，THDCA and TLCA were enriched in the normal group. The difference was statistically significant. Compared with those in the normal group，the abundance and diversity of colonic flora in the model group were significantly decreased，while those in the ileal segment were significantly increased. There were significant differences in flora between the two groups. In the normal group，probiotics such as Roseberg，Butyricicoccus，Mucispirillum and other probiotics were dominant，while cholhalophilic bacteria and Toona sinensis were dominant in the model group. Conclusion Intrahepatic cholestasis has an effect on bile acid spectrum of ileocecum in mice，and the secondary bile acids such as HDCA and GLCA are significantly decreased，which may be related to the weakening of intestinal barrier function and the changes of intestinal flora. 

Objective To analyze the effect of preservation of partial urethral mucosa on urinary conti⁃ nence and sexual function in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate（HoLEP）. Methods From June 2018 to December 2021，the data of 73 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them，39 patients were treated with the modified HoLEP，and the others were treated with classic HoLEP. The two groups of patients were compared in terms of post⁃void residual volume（PVR），prostate specific antigen（PSA），peak urinary flow rate（Qmax），international prostate symptom score（IPSS），and quality of life （QOL）. The changes in urinary incontinence and sexual function（incidence of retrograde ejaculation and interna⁃ tional index of erectile function score）were observed in the two groups after operation. Results There was no significant difference in the amount of postoperative hemoglobin decline，the average operation time，indwelling catheterization time and weight of resected glands（P > 0.05）. After 12 months，there was no significant difference in PSA，Qmax，IPSS，QOL and IIEF⁃5 between the two groups（P > 0.05）. The incidence of transient urinary incontinence and retrograde ejaculation in the modified group was significantly better than that in the classic group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The modified HoLEP with urethral mucosa preservation does not increase the risk of operation. With the same efficacy，it can effectively reduce the incidence of urinary incontinence and retrograde ejaculation，and improve the quality of life of patients after surgery 

Objective To investigate the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation on perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods A total of 86 patients undergoing radical mastectomy were randomly divided into intervention group（n = 43）and control group（n = 43）. The intervention group was treated with cranial electrotherapy stimulation for five times：2 and 1 day before operation，right before operation at the waiting chamber，1 and 3 days after operation，20 minutes each time，while the control group was given sham stim⁃ ulation in the same way at the same time points. State⁃trait anxiety inventory and Athens Insomnia Scale were used to evaluate the patients′ anxiety and state of sleep at 2 days before operation（T1），right before operation at the waiting chamber（T2），1 day（T3），3 days（T4）and 7 days（T5）after operation，and the intraoperative conditions and postoperative adverse reactions were observed. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the preoperative baseline levels，intraoperative conditions，and incidence of postoperative adverse events. At T2，T3，T4，and T5，the scores of anxiety and insomnia in the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Cranial electrotherapy stimulation has a positive effect in alleviating perioperative anxiety of patients undergoing radical mastectomy and can effectively improve patients′ sleep quality. This technique provides evidence for perioperative non⁃drug interventions in anxiety and poor sleep of patients undergoing radical mastectomy. 

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of the ratio of liver volume（LV）to estimated liver volume（ELV）（LV/ELV%）combined with platelet（PLT）in patients with chronic acute liver failure（ACLF）. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 76 patients with ACLF who were diagnosed and treated by Nantong Third People′s Hospital from January 2020 to August 2022 and underwent abdominal CT exami⁃ nation within 3 days after admission，The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to the prognosis of 90 days after admission，and the correlation between LV/ELV% and PTA，ACLF prognostic models was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with ACLF，and a prediction model of LV/ELV% combined with PLT was established；ROC curve was used to analyze the clinical efficacy of LV/ELV% and platelet alone and in combination；The optimal critical value of LV/ ELV% combined with PLT for predicting the prognosis of ACLF was calculated，and the survival curve was drawn by Kaplan Meier method.Results The scores of TBIL，INR，PTA，PLT，LV，LV/ELV%，CTP，MELD and iMELD were significantly different between the two groups（P < 0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that LV/ELV% was positively correlated with PTA（r = 0.4823，P < 0.001）and negatively correlated with CTP score（r = -0.3437， P = 0.0024），MELD score（r = -0.3109，P = 0.0063）and iMELD score（r = -0.3022，P = 0.0080）（P < 0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed LV/ELV%（OR = 0.965，95%CI：0.941 ~ 0.991，P = 0.007）and PLT（OR = 0.986， 95% CI：0.975 ~ 0.998，P = 0.020）were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with ACLF. The area under the ROC curve（AUC）of LV/ELV% combined PLT was the largest（AUC = 0.83，95% CI：0.73 ~ 0.92），which was higher than the scores of LV/ELV% alone（AUC = 0.79，95%CI：0.68 ~ 0.90）and PLT（AUC = 0.69，95%CI：0.57 ~ 0.81）. The optimal critical value of LV/ELV% combined with PLT was 0.63. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed that the 90 day survival rate of patients with LV/ELV% combined with PLT < 0.63 was 78.18%（43/55），which was significantly higher than that of patients with LV/ELV% combined with PLT ≥ 0.63 （9.52%（2/21），and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.0001）. Conclusion LV/ELV% combined with PLT can improve the predictive efficacy of LV/ELV% and PLT alone in predicting the prognosis of patients with ACLF：LV/ELV% combined with PLT ≥ 0.63 group indicates poor prognosis. 

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with non⁃diabetic kidney disease（NDKD）and explore the predictors of the diagnosis of NDKD. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to review the medical records of the patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent percutaneous renal biopsy in the First People′ s Hospital of Foshan from January 2017 to December 2021. Demographic data，clinical data，laboratory results and pathological examination results were collected. The patients were followed up until October 2022，with the renal prognostic events recorded. Multi⁃ variate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of NDKD. Results A total of 137 patients were included in this study，46 them with diabetic kidney disease（DKD），80 with NDKD，and 11 with DKD com⁃ plicated with NDKD. Among the pathological types，membranous nephropathy was the most common pathological type in the patients with NDKD and those with DKD complicated with NDKD，accounting for 46.25% and 54.55%， respectively. The NDKD group was better than the DKD in terms of renal prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that the independent influencing factors included female（OR = 4.224，P = 0.027），age（OR = 1.094，P = 0.009）， duration of diabetes（OR = 0.841，P = 0.007），diabetic retinopathy（OR = 6.886，P = 0.036），systolic blood pressure （OR = 0.953，P = 0.005），glycated hemoglobin（OR = 0.632，P = 0.028），hemoglobin（OR = 1.045，P = 0.019） and blood phosphorus level（OR = 0.048，P = 0.019）. Conclusion Membranous nephropathy is the most common type of lesion in patients with NDKD. Such factors as female，older age，shorter duration of diabetes，absence of diabetic retinopathy，lower systolic blood pressure，lower glycosylated hemoglobin，higher hemoglobin level and lower blood phosphorus level are independent indicators for the diagnosis of NDKD. 

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound⁃guided anterior quadratus lumborum block at the lateral supra⁃arcuate ligament（QLB⁃LSAL）or posterior quadratus lumborum block（QLB2）on postoperative analgesia and postoperative recovery quality in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. Methods A total of 80 patients who had received laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer were selected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups：QLB⁃LSAL group（group A）and QLB2 group（group Q），40 in each group. Sufentanil consumption 48 h after surgery，time to the first PCA，24h QoR⁃40 score after surgery， VAS scores on resting and exercise status at 2 h，6 h，12 h，24 h and 48 h after surgery，incidence of relief anal⁃ gesia at 48 h after surgery，satisfaction with analgesia，early postoperative recovery，and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results As compared with group Q，the consumption of sufentanil 48 h after surgery，the scores on resting and exercise VAS at 6 h，12 h，and 24 h after surgery in group A were significantly decreased（P < 0.05）. Time to the first PCA in group A was significantly longer than that in group Q （P < 0.05）. The 24 h QoR⁃40 score was significantly higher in group A than in group Q（P < 0.001）. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of relief analgesia 48 hours after surgery，satis⁃ faction with analgesia 48 hours after surgery，first flatus，first ambulation，postoperative nausea and vomiting and other adverse reactions（P > 0.05）. Conclusions In laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer，QLB⁃LSAL， compared with QLB2，can provide better analgesic effect，reduce use of postoperative opioids，and improve the postoperative recovery quality in patients. 

Objective To compare the indexes of steel wire and sternal ligation in adult midline incision cardiac surgery and to explore the advantages of sternal ligation. Methods A total of 163 patients who underwent midline incision cardiac surgery in the Department of Cardiac Surgery，the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from March 2021 to March 2022 were randomly selected，including sternum band group（n = 61）and steel wire group（n = 102）. The sternal fixation time，analgesic use，postoperative pain simulation score at different time periods，incidence of postoperative complications and treatment costs were compared between the two groups. Results The sternal fixation time of the sternum band group was 14.9（13.9，16.2）min，and that of the steel wire group was 22.1（20.2，24.0）min. The sternal fixation time of the sternum band group was significantly shorter than that of the steel wire group（Z = -9.940，P < 0.001）. The visual analogue score of postoperative pain in sternum band group was significantly lower than that in wire group at different time periods（P < 0.001）. There were statistically significant differences between the sternum band group and the steel wire group in postoperative complications such as surface infection，mediastinal infection，osteomyelitis，sternal debridement and suture（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the length of stay in ICU，total treatment cost and patient payment between the steel wire group and the sternum band group（P > 0.05）. Conclusion Compared with the traditional steel wire，the sternum band has a greater clinical advantage in postoperative pain and postoperative complications. 

Objective To investigate the impact of hemodialysis blood flow rate（BFR）on outcome in elderly maintenance haemodialysis（MHD）patients. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out focusing on the general clinical data of 221 elderly MHD patients with in⁃center hemodialysis from December 2012 to December 2020. Elderly MHD patients was subgrouped into high⁃BFR（BFR > 211 mL/min）and low⁃BFR（BFR ≤ 211 mL/min） groups based on the median hemodialysis BFR level. Results Compared with the low BFR group，high BFR patients were younger，longer durations on dialysis，had higher proportion of males，high⁃flux dialyzer，BMI and systolic blood pressure. The hemoglobin level in high BFR was higher than that in low BFR group. Compared with the low BFR group，high BFR patients were younger，longer durations on dialysis，had higher proportion of males， high⁃flux dialyzer，BMI and systolic blood pressure. The hemoglobin level in high BFR was higher than that in low BFR group. Cardiovascular diseases is the leading cause of mortality. There were no statistically significant differ⁃ ences in the survival⁃time and mortality between the two groups. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that each 10ml/min BFR increase was associated with a 28.5%（HR：1.285，CI：1.011 ~ 1.635，P = 0.040）increase in the relative risk of death，which is more pronounced in patients with shorter durations on dialysis，dialysis access was central venous catheterization，low hemoglobin，hyperphosphatemic，and a history of coronary artery disease. Conclusion BFR was an independent risk factor of mortality in MHD patients. 

Objective To investigate whether adding renal histological score（MEST ⁃ C）to the Kidney Failure Risk Equation（KFRE）could improve predicting the risk of progression in advanced IgA nephropathy. Methods This was a prospective cohort study in which 205 patients with advanced IgA nephropathy［15 ~ 59 mL/ （min·m2 ）］were enrolled and followed up to 2 years. The timepoint of renal biopsy was defined as baseline. The 4⁃variable/8⁃variable KFRE was used to estimate 2⁃year risk of progression to end stage renal disease（ESRD， defined as need for receiving maintenance dialysis or renal transplantation）. AUCs were calculated to evaluate the performance of risk prediction using KFRE and MEST⁃C alone or in combination. Risk classification for progression to ESRD was assessed by net reclassification index（NRI）and integrate discrimination index（IDI）. Results Among 205 patients with advanced IgA nephropathy，38（18.5%）progressed to ESRD within 2 years of follow up. The 4⁃ variable KFRE predicted the progression of advanced IgA nephropathy with an AUC of 0.81（95%CI：0.73 ~ 0.89），while the 8⁃variable KFRE with an AUC of 0.79（95%CI：0.71⁃0.87），the MEST⁃C with an AUC of 0.74 （95%CI：0.64 ~ 0.83）. Adding MEST⁃C to the 4⁃variable KFRE produced an overall AUC of 0.85（95%CI：0.78 ~ 0.91）and significant improvement for risk classification for ESRD（NRI，0.47 and IDI 0.05）. Conclusion Adding renal histological score to the Kidney Failure Risk Equation improved risk prediction and reclassification of progression to ESRD in patients with advanced IgA nephropathy 

Objective To evaluate the long⁃term efficacy of Zoledronic acid in the treatment of primary osteoporosis. Methods The medical records of 88 patients with primary osteoporosis，who had been injected with Zoledronic acid for more than 3 years at the General Hospital of the Southern Theater Command of the People′s Liberation Army from January 2011 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The data were collected and analyzed concerning bone mineral density（BMD）of lumbar spine L1⁃4，left femoral neck and left femoral neck upper end and bone turnover markers such as N⁃osteocalcin（N⁃OC），β⁃isomerized carboxy⁃telopeptide of type I collagen（β⁃CTX），parathyroid hormone（PTH）and procollagen type 1 N⁃peptide（P1NP）level at the baseline and medication within 1 ~ 6 years，new fractures during medication and adverse events. The efficacy of 6⁃year medica⁃ tion was evaluated. Results The average age of the patients was（64.94 ± 10.02）years，and the average duration of medication was（4.65 ± 1.07）years，the longest 6 years. The BMD of lumbar spine L1⁃4 and left femoral neck upper end was increased by 24.18% and 11.01% respectively compared with the baseline in the 6th year of treat⁃ ment. The BMD of the left femoral neck was increased to a largest extent against the baseline in the 5th year of treatment（+11.03%）. The BMD reached the peak of efficacy in the first 5 years of the medication，and then began to show a downward trend in the sixth year of medication（P < 0.001）. N ⁃OC，P1NP and other bone turnover markers all were declined significantly within 1 year of medication，but showed an upward trend after 3 years of medication. P1NP was 4.87% higher than the baseline at the 6th year of medication. A total of 5 cases of new frac⁃ tures during medication were found. No serious adverse reactions such as osteonecrosis of the mandible were found. Conclusion Zoledronic acid has the most significant effectiveness within 3 to 5 years of medication，and continued medication does no more good to the rise of BMD，indicating that suspension of the Zoledronic acid use can be considered after 5 years medication. 

Objective Two dimensional gray scale blood flow imaging（B⁃Flow）was used to develop the left renal vein（LRV）and its surrounding vessels in children to evaluate the compression of LRV and to explore the application value of this technique in LRV. Methods A total of 18 children with nutcracker syndrome（NCS） diagnosed by CT in Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University due to hematuria and proteinuria were enrolled as disease group and 17 children without related clinical symptoms and excluded NCS by CT examination due to non⁃urinary system conditions were enrolled as control group. The angle（θ）between the superior mesenteric artery （SMA）and the abdominal aorta（AO），the inner diameter of the dilated segment（a segment）before compression （Φa）and the inner diameter of the compressed segment（b segment）of the LRV（Φb）were measured by B⁃flow. Peak velocity（Va）of a segment and peak velocity（Vb）of b segment were measured by pulsed Doppler. The ratios Ⅰ=Φa/Φb and Ⅱ=Vb/Va were calculated.Two independent sample t test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. The ROC curve was drawn to obtain the best cut⁃off value，area under the curve（AUC）， sensitivity and specificity of each index alone and in combination in the diagnosis of NCS，and the diagnostic efficacy of each index was compared. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean θ angle of the disease group（26.79 ± 9.06）° was significantly smaller than that of the control group（52.23 ± 12.77）°. The compression of segment b and the expansion of segment a in the disease group were generally more severe than those in the control group. The ratio Ⅰ（4.82 ± 1.14）was significantly higher than that in the control group（2.60 ±0.52）. The blood flow velocity of the compressed b segment in the disease group was significantly increased，and its ratio Ⅱ（8.98 ± 4.22）was significantly higher than that of the control group（3.73 ± 1.30）. The t test results of θ， Ⅰ and Ⅱ between the two groups all showed P < 0.001，and the difference was statistically significant. ROC curve showed that the AUC of θ，Ⅰ，Ⅱ alone and in combination for the diagnosis of NCS was greater than 0.95，and the combined diagnostic efficiency was greater than that of single index diagnosis，but the P values of the differences between the diagnostic methods were > 0.05，without statistical significance. Conclusion B⁃Flow proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool for NCS and could be used as a new ultrasound imaging for LRV in children. 

Objective To analyze the incidence and death of cervical cancer and the changing trend of disease burden from 2016 to 2021 in Zibo City，and to provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of cervi⁃ cal cancer. Methods The incidence and mortality data of cervical cancer（ICD ⁃10）in Zibo City from 2016 to 2021 were analyzed，and the indicators of incidence，mortality and disease burden were calculated. Results The incidence rate of cervical cancer in Zibo was increased from 14.77/100 000 in 2016 to 17.54/100 000 in 2021 （APC = 4.51%，t = 3.37，P = 0.028）. The standardized incidence rate was increased from 12.13/100 000 to 14.83/ 100 000（APC = 4.85%，t = 3.92，P = 0.017）. The incidence was increased first and then decreased with age， and peaked in the age group of 45 ~ 54 years. The incidence rate in the 25 ~ 44 years old age group in Yiyuan County was increased from 12.60/100 000 in 2016 to 30.63/100 000 in 2021（APC = 24.73%，t = 3.87，P = 0.018）. The mortality rate of cervical cancer was increased with age. From 2016 to 2021，the YLD rate caused by cervical cancer was increased from 0.72‰ to 0.86‰，and the APC was 4.50%. DALY rate of cervical cancer in urban areas was higher than that of the rural areas. The proportion of YLL rate in DALY rate of cervical cancer in urban and rural areas showed a downward trend，APC were -3.70% and -5.40%，respectively. The proportion of YLD rate in DALY rate caused by cervical cancer in urban and rural areas showed an upward trend，APC was 2.44% and 4.59%，respectively. Conclusion The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Zibo city were high，and the incidence and YLD rate showed an increasing trend. The DALY rate caused by cervical cancer in urban area was higher than that of the rural area. It is necessary to further strengthen the prevention and control of cervical cancer. 

Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of modified Sijunzi decoction on adjuvant che⁃ motherapy for colorectal cancer and its effect on the tumor microenvironment of patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with colorectal cancer who received chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into combined treatment group and control group according to whether they took Sijunzi decoction during chemotherapy. Single ⁃cell RNA ⁃sequencing of paired tumor tissues from the same patient before and after treatment was performed. Results Fifteen patients were included in the combined treatment group and the control group，respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender composition，age，colorectal cancer stage，and differentiation. After treatment，the TCM symptom scores of anorexia（P < 0.05），loss of spirit（P < 0.05），abdominal distension（P < 0.05）and loose stools（P < 0.05）in the combined treatment group were lower than those of the control group，and the differences were statistically significant. Analysis of single ⁃cell sequencing data revealed that the proportion of CD8 + T cells was higher in the combined treatment group after treatment compared with the control group，and the TNF ⁃α/NF ⁃kB signaling path⁃ way，IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway，and IL2/STAT5 signaling were activated in CD8 + T cells in the combined treatment group. In addition，comparison of differential genes of effector T cells in the two groups showed that effector T cells in the combined treatment group highly expressed genes such as LTB and IL7R after treatment. The effector T cell function was activated in the combination treatment group，which may be related to the increased activity of TNF⁃ α/NF⁃kB pathway and IL2/STAT5 pathway. Finally，modified Sijunzi decoction may also play a potential therapeutic role by activating macrophage phagocytosis and promoting cellular interactions between macrophages and effector T cells. Conclusion Modified Sijunzi decoction was effective for patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemo⁃ therapy，and could significantly improve the quality of life of patients. Modified Sijunzi decoction has a significant effect on the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy，which may play a role by enhancing the function of effector T cells and enhancing the anti⁃tumor immune activity of macrophages. 

Objective To investigate the effect of warm acupuncture and moxibustion combined with Jianpi Tongluo Formula on inflammatory factors and bone metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis（RA）. Methods A total of 108 patients with RA in hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 were selected and divided into western medicine group（39 cases）and combination group（69 cases）by random number table method. The western medi⁃ cine group received conventional treatment with western medicines；The combined group was treated with warm acupuncture and moxibustion combined with Jianpi Tongluo Formula. TCM syndrome score，range of activity， degree of pain，rheumatoid factors，inflammatory factors，bone metabolism，immune function and efficacy of the two groups were evaluated. Results After treatment，compared with those in the western medicine group，TCM syndrome score，DAS28，VAS，RF，IgA，IgG，IgM，CRP，IL ⁃17 and β ⁃CTX level in the combination group were decreased（P < 0.05）. The level of IL⁃10，T⁃P1NP and N⁃MID was increased（P < 0.05）. The total effec⁃ tive rate of the combination group was better（P < 0.05）. Conclusion For patients with RA，after treatment with warm acupuncture combined with Jianpi Tongluo Formula，lower TCM syndrome score and pain degree，re⁃ duced body inflammation，improved immune function and bone metabolism level and improved joint range of the patients are observed，and the clinical effect is remarkable. 

Sepsis is a life⁃threatening systemic response syndrome caused by infection，with a high mortali⁃ ty rate. Anti⁃infection treatment is the core measure for the rescue of patients with sepsis. There is still controversy about the relationship between early antibiotic treatment and sepsis mortality. Some scholars support early antibiotic treatment because their studies have found that early antibiotic treatment can reduce mortality in patients with sep⁃ sis，while delayed use of antibiotics leads to an increase in sepsis mortality；Some scholars object to early antibiot⁃ ic treatment，because their research shows that early antibiotic treatment is not related to sepsis mortality or only related to a long delay，and the harm of early use of antibiotics is that non⁃sepsis patients are also empirically treated with antibiotics，which will lead to an increase in the incidence of multiple drug resistance，and then lead to an increase in patient mortality；However，other scholars believe that antibiotic treatment for patients with sepsis var⁃ ies from person to person，that is，individualized treatment is more beneficial. This article expounds the relation⁃ ship between early antibiotic treatment and prognosis of patients with sepsis. 

Acute myeloid leukemia（AML）is a malignant hematopoietic stem cell disease characterized by clonal expansion of abnormally differentiated myeloid blasts. It mainly occurs in the elderly，and the median age at diagnosis is 68 years old. The current treatment is intensive induction chemotherapy with or without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation，but this method cannot be applied to elderly patients who account for more than 50% of AML patients. Epigenetic alterations play an important role in the pathogenesis of AML，and these epigenetic alterations have become targets for the development of new anti ⁃AML drugs. This article reviews the research progress of DNA methylation and histone modification in epigenetics and the research achievements of drug therapy.