In comparison to conventional thoracotomy， video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） is conducted in situations with a narrower surgical field and limited operational space. To successfully perform VATS， it is imperative to optimize the quality of lung isolation and collapse to the fullest extent. Delaying lung collapse might impede thoracic surgery. Various measures have been adopted clinically to enhance the speed and quality of lung collapse. This article provides a comprehensive review of the application and research of one-lung ventilation lung collapse technique in thoracic surgery.

Objective To investigate the impact of LncRNA FOXP4-AS1 regulating the EZH2/LATS2 axis on the proliferation and migration of bladder urothelial carcinoma （BUC） cells. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA） database and real-time quantitative PCR were utilized to analyze the expression of FOXP4-AS1 and LATS2 mRNA in BUC tissues. Cell proliferation was observed using MTT experiments， and migration was checked using Transwell assays. Western blot assays were performed to determine the expression of LATS2 and H3K27me3 proteins. RNA immunoprecipitation （RIP） and chromatin immunoprecipitation （ChIP） assays were employed to verify the relationship between FOXP4-AS1， EZH2 and LATS2. Results Compared with normal bladder tissues， FOXP4-AS1 expression was increased in tumor tissues， while LATS2 mRNA expression was decreased （P < 0.01）. Moreover， FOXP4-AS1 expression was elevated in EJ， T24， BIU-87， and 5637 cell lines compared to SV-HUC-1 （P < 0.01）. The inhibition of FOXP4-AS1 resulted in a significant decrease in the proliferation， migration， and expression of H3K27me3 protein in BUC cells， while concurrently upregulating the expression of LATS2 mRNA and protein. Conversely， the overexpression of FOXP4-AS1 yielded contrasting effects （P < 0.05）. RIP and ChIP assays revealed that FOXP4-AS1 could recruit EZH2 to the promoter region of LATS2， leading to an enrichment of H3K27me3 in this region. Interference with LATS2 or EZH2 expression partially reversed the effects of FOXP4-AS1 silencing or overexpression on the proliferation and migration of BUC cells， with concomitant effects on LATS2 expression. Conclusion FOXP4-AS1 demonstrates a notable increase in expression in BUC， leading to a suppression of LATS2 expression through the recruitment of EZH2 to the promoter region of LATS2. This regulatory process ultimately influences the proliferation and migration of BUC cells.

Objective We tried to investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes （hUCMSC-Exos） on the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells （HDPCs） and the mechanism of hUCMSC-Exos promoting hair growth. Methods HDPCs were isolated using two-step enzymatic method and cultured in vitro. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells （hUC-MSCs） were cultured. Cell culture supernatant was collected， and exosomes were isolated and extracted using high-speed centrifugation. Electron microscopy， particle size， and surface marker identification were performed on them. Dihydrotestosterone （DHT） induces HDPCs and establishment of an androgenic alopecia cell model. Co-culture hUCMSC-Exos with HDPCs， cell proliferation experiment （EdU） was used to detect the relative activity of induced HDPCs. Real-time qPCR was used to detect the expression level of alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， and Western blot was used to detect β-catenin， Wnt10b， GSK-3β expression at the protein level. Results The obtained primary HDPCs， hUC-MSCs， and hUCMSC-Exos were all conformed to the characteristics of dermal papilla cells， mesenchymal stem cells， and exosomes. The number of EdU positive cells significantly increased， and exosomes could effectively promote the proliferation of HDPCs（P < 0.05）， enhance the vitality of HDPCs and alleviate the damage caused by DHT（P < 0.05）. Real-time qPCR showed that exosomes could enhance the expression level of ALP gene （P < 0.05） and hair follicle induction ability. Western Blot confirmation β-catenin， Wnt10b， GSK-3β were differences in expression at the protein level （P < 0.05）. Conclusions HUCMSC-Exos could promote DHT induced proliferation of HDPCs， enhance their hair follicle regeneration and repair ability， and its mechanism may be related to the activation of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of Sophora davidii Hance leaves total alkaloids（SDLTAs）and possible molecular mechanisms. Methods The lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells was used， and different concentrations of SDLTAs （50， 100 and 200 μg/mL） were administered， and the effect of SDLTAs on cellular NO expression was detected by the Griess method； ELISA method was used to detect the effect of SDLTAs on the expression of IL-6， TNF-α and IL-1β； The expression of iNOS， NF- κB p65 and IκBα mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR； Western blotting was used to detecte the expression of p-p38， p-p65 and p-JNK in the cells and NF- κB p65 in the nucleus. Results SDLTAs could significantly inhibit the LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells. SDLTAs significantly decreased the secretion of NO， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-1β in cells （P < 0.01）， and significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of iNOS， NF-κB p65 and IκBα in cells （P < 0.01）. Significantly decreased the protein expression of p-p38， p-p65 and p-JNK in cells and NF-κB p65 in nucleus （P < 0.01）. Conclusion SDLTAs can exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway.

Objective To explore the clinical value of noninvasive left ventricular pressure-strain loop （LV-PSL） technique in evaluating myocardial work and left ventricular remodeling before and after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods Seventy patients with AMI admitted to our hospital （coronary heart disease group） and 50 healthy adults （control group） who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected， The conventional echocardiographic indexes， left ventricular global longitudinal strain （GLS） and left ventricular myocardial work indexes， ［global work index（GWI）， global work efficiency（GWE）， global constructive work（GCW）， global wasted work （GWW）］were examined before and 7 days after operation in control group and coronary heart disease group. The differences of the above indexes between the coronary heart disease group and control groups were compared. According to the results of coronary angiography， AMI patients were further divided into a coronary heart disease single-branch group （34 cases） and a coronary heart disease multi-branch group （36 cases）， and the differences of the above indexes between the two groups were compared. Analyze the correlation between left ventricular myocardial work indexes and GLS， conventional echocardiographic indexes. Result Left ventricular end-systolic volume （LVESV）， left ventricular end-diastolic volume （LVEDV） and GWW were higher incoronary heart disease group than in control group before and 7 days after surgery， while left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， GWI， GWE， GCW and GLS were lower than control group， with statistical significance （all P < 0.05）. At 7 days after surgery， LVESV， LVEDV and GWW in the coronary heart disease group were lower than those before surgery， while LVEF， GWI， GWE， GCW and GLS were higher than those before surgery， with statistical significance （all P < 0.05）. LVESV， LVEDV and GWW at 7 days before and after surgery in the coronary heart disease multi-branch group were higher than those in the coronary heart disease single-branch group， while LVEF， GWI， GWE， GCW and GLS were lower than those in the coronary heart disease single-branch group， with statistical significance （all P < 0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that GWW was negatively correlated with GLS and LVEF， while GWE， GCW and GWI were positively correlated with GLS and LVEF （all P < 0.001）. Conclusion LV-PSL technique has good application value in evaluating left ventricular function and left ventricular remodeling in AMI patients before and after PCI， and provides a new non-invasive method　for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the correlation between personality traits and non suicidal self injury behavior in adolescent depression patients， in order to enhance understanding of the psychological health risks of depression patients. Methods This study was conducted at the Wuhan Mental Health Center from September 2021 to September 2023. A total of 138 patients with first-onset moderate to severe adolescent depression were included. The patients were divided into a group without self injury suicidal behavior （n = 25）， a non suicidal self injury （NSSI） group （n = 78）， and an attempted suicide （SA） group （n = 35）. Collect general information and data on neurotic personality scores， negative life events， emotional states， and social psychological factors using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA）， Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD-24）， and other psychological assessment tools. Using statistical methods for correlation and regression analysis to study the relationship between personality traits and non suicidal self injury behavior. Results There were significant differences in personality traits such as internal and external tendencies， psychoticism， neuroticism， and concealment among the non self injurious suicide behavior group， non suicidal self injurious behavior group， and suicide behavior group. The scores of the non suicidal self injurious behavior group and suicide behavior group were generally higher than those of the non self injurious self injurious behavior group （P < 0.05）； There were significant differences in self injury behavior scores among these three groups， especially in the suicide behavior group， which had the highest score， but there was no significant difference in life event scores； There were significant differences in scores for anxiety， depression， childhood trauma， stressful life events， and self-esteem among the three groups. Among them， the suicide behavior group had the highest scores for anxiety， depression， childhood trauma， and stressful life events， but the lowest score for self-esteem （P < 0.05）； Internal and external tendencies， psychoticism， neuroticism， and concealment are significantly correlated with non suicidal self injury behavior， and multiple regression analysis results show that these factors， as well as anxiety， depression， childhood trauma， stressful life events， and self-esteem， are independent influencing factors of non suicidal self injury behavior. The best predictive threshold for internal and external tendencies is -10.5%. Conclusion This study reveals the correlation between personality traits and non suicidal self injury behavior in adolescent depression patients. Understanding these relationships in clinical practice and intervention strategies can help better identify high-risk groups and provide personalized mental health support.

Objective Analyzing risk factors for prolonged ICU stay after cardiac surgery of Infective Endocarditis （IE） provides a basis for preventing extended ICU durations in postoperative IE cases. Methods From January 1， 2019， to March 31， 2021， a total of 223 patients with infective endocarditis who underwent cardiac surgery in the cardiac surgery department of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were included. Patients were divided into non-prolonged group （< 3 days） and prolonged group （≥ 3 days） based on postoperative ICU stay duration. There were 156 cases in the non-prolonged group and 67 cases in the prolonged group. Single-factor analysis of risk factors for prolonged ICU stay was conducted using t-tests or rank-sum tests. Variables with P < 0.05 in the single-factor analysis were further subjected to binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using the ROC curve. Results Among the 223 patients， 67 experienced prolonged ICU stay， with an incidence rate of 30%. Single-factor analysis results included gender， age， history of coronary heart disease， history of stroke， preoperative heart failure， aortic valve regurgitation area， left ventricular end-diastolic diameter， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） <60%， extracorporeal circulation time， aortic cross-clamp time， use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump （IABP）， endotracheal tube reintubation， pulmonary infection， use of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy （CRRT）， and prolonged mechanical ventilation time （> 24 hours）， among others. Multivariate analysis results revealed that preoperative LVEF < 60% （OR = 3.004， P = 0.041）， postoperative use of IABP （OR = 31.686， P = 0.008）， and mechanical ventilation time > 24 hours （OR = 8.135， P < 0.001） were independent risk factors for prolonged ICU stay after cardiac surgery. The model's AUC value for predicting risk factors for prolonged ICU stay was 0.858 （95% CI： 0.806 ~ 0.901， P < 0.001）. Conclusion Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） < 60%， the use of IABP， and mechanical ventilation time > 24 hours were identified as independent risk factors for prolonged ICU stay after infective endocarditis （IE） surgery. In clinical practice， it is important to comprehensively address and manage various risk factors with the aim of reducing ICU stay duration and improving the overall success rate of the surgery.

Objective To investigate the correlation between telomere length of peripheral white blood cells and the levels of advanced glycosylation end products， as well as bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus， and to assess the impact of advanced glycosylation end product levels on telomere length. Methods From May 1， 2023， to May 1， 2024， 174 patients with T2DM who underwent dual-energy X-ray BMD examination at the Department of Endocrinology， Zhengzhou Central Hospital， were selected. T2DM patients were divided into osteoporosis group， osteopenia group， and normal bone mass group based on the T-value in BMD. qPCR method was used to measure telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes， and ELISA method was used to determine AGEs levels. General patient data were collected along with measurements for blood glucose， blood lipid levels， 25-hydroxy-vitamin D， and other indicators. Bone mineral density was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray imaging while plasma CTX and PINP levels were measured via ELISA. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was utilized to analyze differences and correlations among all indicators. Results （1）The telomere length of OP group， osteopenia group and normal bone mass group was different， and the telomere length of the three groups increased successively. （2） In individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus， telomere length exhibited a positive correlation with BMD and a negative correlation with CTX and PINP. Plasma AGEs level showed a negative correlation with BMD and a positive correlation with CTX and PINP， while telomere length demonstrated a negative correlation with AGEs level.（3） Telomere length was an independent factor of BMD， and AGEs level was an independent factor of BMD （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The reduction of telomere length and the increase of AGEs in patients with type 2 diabetes are related to the decrease of bone mineral density， and the reduction of telomere length is related to the increase of AGEs. Telomere length of peripheral leucocytes and plasma AGEs level can jointly evaluate the bone metabolism status of T2DM patients.

Objective To investigate the alteration of M1/M2 polarization of monocyte-macrophages from the peripheral blood of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis， and the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT6 on the polarization of human THP-1 cells. Methods Whole blood and serum samples were collected from 14 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 10 healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） were isolated from whole blood with heparin sodium using lymphocyte fluid. The mRNA levels of HLA-DR， CD11C， CD68， CD206 and Arg-1 in PBMCs from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The secretion of cytokines （IL-2， IL-6， TNF-α， IFN-γ， IL-4， etc.） was detected by flow cytometry. Human THP-1 cells were induced by phorbol ester （PMA） to differentiate into macrophages-like cells， which were divided into M0 group， M1 group， M2 group， and M0+ESAT6 group. After 24 hours of stimulation， the mRNA levels of HLA-DR， CD11C， CD68， CD206 and Arg-1 were detected by real-time PCR. Following stimulation with ESAT6 for 6 h， 12 h and 24 h， the levels of cytokines （IL-2， IL-6， TNF-α， IL-4， etc.） in cell culture supernatant from THP-1 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with the healthy control group， the mRNA expression levels of M1-polarized phenotypic molecules HLA-DR， CD11C and CD68 in PBMCs of the active pulmonary tuberculosis group were up-regulated （P < 0.05）. The mRNA expression level of M2-polarized phenotype molecule CD206 was decreased （P < 0.05）， while the expression level of Arg-1 mRNA was not statistically significant （P > 0.05）. Serum levels of M1-related proinflammatory cytokines IL-2， IL-6， IFN-γ and TNF-α were increased in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis（all P < 0.05）， whereas decreased level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4（P < 0.05）were found in serum samples from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. THP-1 macrophages were induced to differentiate into different phenotypes in vitro， and the HLA-DR mRNA expression level of cell M1 polarization phenotype molecule was statistically significant among all groups （F = 21.83， P = 0.000）. Pairwise comparison results showed that expressions of HLA-DR mRNA in M1 group and M0+ESAT6 group were significantly upregulated compared with M0 group （P < 0.05）， there was no significant difference between the other groups （P > 0.05）. However， there was no significant difference in the expression of CD68 mRNA among all groups （F = 2.480， P = 0.135）. There was no significant difference of mRNA expressions of CD206 and Arg-1 among all groups （F = 1.233， P = 0.3597； F = 6.059， P = 0.068）. There were no significant differences between the M1-related pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-2 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 at different time points of cell culture （P > 0.05）. Compared with the M0 and ESAT6 phenotypes， the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in the M1 phenotype group were significantly increased at 12 h and 24 h （P < 0.05， P < 0.05， P < 0.001， P < 0.001； P < 0.05， P < 0.05， P < 0.01， P < 0.01）； but there was no significant difference between the other groups（P>0.05）. Conclusions The ability of peripheral blood monocyte-macrophages to polarize to M1 is enhanced， while the ability to polarize to M2 is weakened in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT6 can promote the polarization of macrophages to M1， which affects the activity and progression of tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the impact of whole body vibration training combined with intermittent blood flow restriction on the motor function and community activity in elderly stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods A total of 80 convalescent hemiplegic patients after stroke who were hospitalized in the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Yichang Central People's Hospital （Xiling Campus） from October 2021 to December 2023 were included and randomly divided into control group （n = 25），vibration group （n = 28） and combination group （n = 27） using the random number table method. All patients received conventional rehabilitation training， on the basis； the vabration group received whole body vibration training， while the combination group received whole body vibration training combined with intermittent blood flow restriction. Before and after 6 weeks of training， the balance function was evaluated with Berg balance scale （BBS）， while the gait function was tested with 6-minute walking test（6MWT）and the Community Balance and Mobility scale （CB&M） was used to assess the community activity ability. The community balance and mobility （CB&M） were evaluated in the first and third month after discharge. Results There was no significant difference in BBS， CB&M scores and 6MWT walking distance between the three groups before training （P > 0.05）. After 6 weeks of training， the three groups showed significant increases in the BBS， CB&Mscores and the walk distance of 6MWT （P < 0.001）.Furthermore， compared with the control group， the combination group and the vibration group were significantly beter（P < 0.05）， and there was no significant difference between the combination group and the vibration group （P > 0.05）.At the first and third month of follw-up after discharge， the CB&M scores of the three groups were significantly higher than those of the control group（P < 0.05）， while there was no significant difference between the CB&M scores of the combination group and the vibration group at the first month of follow-up（P > 0.05）.But the CB&M scores of the combination group was higher than those of the vibration group at the third month of follow-up， and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. Conclusion On the basis of conventional rehabilitation， whole body vibration training combined with intermittent blood flow restriction can significantly enhance balance function， balance confidence， walking ability and mobility in early stage of community life for elderly stroke patients with hemiplegia， potentially facilitating their return to community life.

Objective Study clinic effect of mini open endoscope assisted-ACDF （MOEA-ACDF） for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy （CSR）. Methods From February 2022 to March 2023， CSR patients receiving ACDF in the hospital were included in this study， including conventional ACDF group and MOEA-ACDF group.The preoperative data， operative timeand bone graft fusionwere recorded， VAS score， JOA score， C2-7 Cobb angle and anterior column height of the surgical segment were assessed before and after surgery， and complications were recorded， including wound infection， poor wound healing， hematoma formation， cerebrospinal fluid leakage， nerve injury， and complications related internal fixation. Results There were 41 patients in the conventional ACDF group and 41 patients in the MOEA-ACDF group. Between the two groups， there was no statistically significant difference in preoperative general condition， and there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative VAS pain score， JOA score， C2-7 Cobb angle， and anterior column height. Compared with the conventional ACDF group， the MOEA-ACDF group had a slightly longer surgical time （P = 0.02）. Compared with pre-operation， the VAS pain scorewas reduced， JOA score， C2-7 Cobb angle， and anterior column height were improved in both groups after operation. There were no postoperative complications such as wound infection， poor wound healing， hematoma formation， cerebrospinal fluid leakage， or nerve damage in both groups. Conclusions The MOEA-ACDF technology for treating CSR can effectively alleviate clinical symptoms， restore cervical spine height and curvature， and achieve clinical effects similar to conventional ACDF surgery， having good effectiveness and safety. Although the operation time of MOEA-ACDF technology is slightly longer than conventional ACDF， it has the advantages of clear and broad surgical field， deep focus， good lighting， less bleeding， and minimal trauma， which makes it convenient for the operator to perform cervical disc removal， nerve root canal release， posterior longitudinal ligament resection， and reduce nerve， spinal cord， dura mater， and vertebral artery injuries. It is a technology worth promoting and applying.

Objective Visual electrophysiology and optical correlation tomography angiography （OCTA） were used to investigate differences in preoperative retinal function in patients with type 2 diabetic cataract （DC） without obvious retinopathy （NDR） and to determine the clinical application of whole-process blood glucose management （WBGM） for improving postoperative vision in DC patients. Methods This study investigated the preoperative and postoperative visual electrophysiology （N75， P100， photopic FERG， and scotopic FERG）， peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer （pRNFL） and peripapillary capillary vessel density （ppVD） data， as well as trends in these data changes during blood glucose management intervention. Results As the course of T2DM progressed， FBG and HbA1c increased， the N75 and P100 lategraduancy periods of patients gradually lengthened， and the photopic FERG， scotopic FERG， pRNFL， and ppVD values decreased at each postoperative time point. At the same time， the best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） of patients after surgery gradually decreased （P < 0.05）. Compared with that at 1 week after surgery， the BCVA of Group A （without whole-process blood glucose management） gradually increased at 1 month and 3 months after surgery but showed a downward trend at 1 year after surgery. The BCVA of Group B （with whole-process blood glucose management） gradually stabilized at 1 month after surgery， and at all time points after surgery， the BCVA of Group B was better than that of Group A. The results showed that N75 and P100 in Group A were greater than those in Group B， while the photopic and scotopic FERG， pRNFL， and ppVD （%） in Group A were lower than those in Group B. In addition， N75 and P100 in Group A showed a gradual prolongation trend at various time points after surgery， while photopic FERG， scotopic FERG， pRNFL， and ppVD （%） showed a gradually decreasing trend. However， the above data in Group B gradually stabilized at 3 months after DC surgery， approaching the preoperative level of the group （P < 0.05）. In the state of whole blood glucose management， although N75 and P100 both reached their longest durations at 1 week after surgery， N75， P100， photopic FERG， scotopic FERG， and pRNFL showed a gradually decreasing trend at 1 month and 3 months after surgery， while ppVD （%） gradually increased （P < 0.05）. At various time points from 3 months to 1 year after surgery， the overall trend of the above indicators remained stable and close to the preoperative values （P > 0.05）. Conclusion According to the results of the quantitative analysis of visual electrophysiology and OCTA， in DC patients without obvious retinopathy and with the worsening of diabetes， retinal function decreased， but whole-process blood glucose management effectively restored retinal function and improved visual quality after surgery.

Objective To investigate the dynamics of NK cells and Treg cells， as well as their potential prognostic significance in relation to TKI discontinuation among patients diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia （CML）. Methods In this study， a total of 200 patients diagnosed with CML were randomly selected and divided into two groups： the discontinuation group （n = 100） and the non-discontinuation group （n = 100）. Within the discontinuation group， patients were further categorized into a recurrence subgroup （n = 41） and a non-recurrence subgroup （n = 59）. Clinical data and follow-up information of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of various variables on patient outcomes following drug discontinuation， as well as to explore independent factors influencing recurrence in these individuals. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis was employed to assess the predictive value of NK cells and Treg cells for TKI discontinuation outcomes. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The proportion of patients treated with interferon in the discontinuation group was significantly higher than that in the non-discontinuation group （P < 0.05）. Moreover， the former group exhibited a significantly higher number of NK cells （P < 0.05） and Treg cells （P < 0.01） compared to the latter group. Compared to the recurrence group， there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients using interferon in the non-recurrence group （P < 0.05）， along with longer durations of TKI treatment and deep molecular response （DMR） duration （P < 0.05）. The number of NK cells and Treg cells in the non-recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the recurrence group （P < 0.01）. Logistic regression analysis found that the use of interferon （OR = 1.25， 95% CI： 1.11 ~ 2.03， P < 0.001）， duration of DMR （OR = 1.16， 95% CI： 1.08 ~ 1.92， P < 0.05）， NK cells （OR = 1.64， 95% CI： 1.14 ~ 2.28， P < 0.01）， and Treg cells （OR = 1.83， 95% CI： 1.15 ~ 2.42， P < 0.01） were all influencing factors for the recurrence of patients after drug discontinuation. The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of NK cells combined with Treg cells for predicting the recurrence of TKI after discontinuation was 0.892 （95% CI： 0.857 ~ 0.927， P < 0.001）. Conclusion The frequencies of NK cells and Treg cells were significantly elevated in patients who remained recurrence-free following TKI discontinuation， highlighting the potential predictive value of combined NK cell and Treg cell analysis for drug cessation in CML patients.

Objective To evaluate the intraoperative identification of ectopic parathyroid tissue in the central neck region using autofluorescence point-spectral analysis （AFPSA） combined with immune colloidal gold technique （ICGT）， for guiding total parathyroidectomy （TPTX） or clean parathyroidectomy （CPTX） in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism （SHPT）. Methods Retrospectively collected and compared the clinical data of 64 patients with SHPT from October 2019 to June 2023. In the observation group， TPTX was performed as the initial procedure in 36 cases， followed by sampling of suspicious targets using AFPSA in the central neck area and subsequent detection through ICGT. CPTX was then conducted if a positive result was obtained. On the other hand， the control group consisted of 28 cases where only TPTX was performed without any additional tests during surgery. The surgical data， parathyroid hormone （PTH） levels， blood calcium levels， blood phosphorus levels， alkaline phosphatase （ALP） levels， regression of clinical symptoms， changes in parathyroid function and occurrence of hypocalcemia were compared between these two groups. Results In the observation group， there were 9 cases of AFPSA-ICGT positivity， including 2 left-sided cases， 4 right-sided cases， and 3 thymic cases； among these positive cases， there were a total of 10 locations with mildly hyperplastic or nonhyperplastic microscopic parathyroid tissue. The difference in the number of total parathyroid glands removed （including ectopic） between the two groups was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. At both 3 and 6 months postoperatively， ALP levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively）； at 6 months postoperatively， differences in PTH and blood phosphorus levels between the two groups were also statistically significant （P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 respectively）. Joint bone pain and skin itching recurred in some patients within the control group at six months after surgery （P < 0.05）， whereas recurrence of SHPT was less frequent within the observation group compared to controls （P < 0.05）； however， no statistically significant differences were observed regarding postoperative hypoparathyroidism or hyperparathyroidism as well as hypocalcemia between either groups. Conclusion The AFPSA-ICGT intraoperative test can be utilized to guide surgery for SHPT， enabling accurate and efficient identification as well as safe targeting of parathyroid tissues that may not exhibit obvious hyperplasia in the central cervical region.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy and safety of disitamab vedotin （RC48） in the third-line and above third-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with advanced gastric cancer who had previously failed to receive at least two systemic chemotherapy regimens from August 2020 to August 2022 in Nantong Tumor Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment regimens， they were divided into RC48 group （n = 15） and control group （chemotherapy/targeted/immune monotherapy） （n = 15）. The objective response rate （ORR）， disease control rate （DCR）， progression-free survival （PFS）， overall survival （OS） and treatment-related adverse reactions were observed in the two groups. Results The median follow-up time was 7.5 months. The ORR of RC48 group and control group was 20% vs. 0% （P = 0.224）， DCR was 53.3% vs. 20% （P = 0.128）， mPFS was 4 months vs. 3 months （P = 0.479）， mOS was 18 months vs. 5 months （P = 0.043）. In terms of safety， the most common adverse reactions in the RC48 group and the control group were leukopenia and neutropenia.The overall incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was comparable， and there were no fatal adverse events. Conclusion RC48 has a certain effect in the third-line and above third-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer， and patients are well tolerated.

Objective To explore the mechanism of the effect of itraconazole ethanolamine tablets on the CD40/CD40L axis in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura （ITP）. Methods 80 children with ITP were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into a control group （n = 40） and a study group （n = 40） using a digital random table method. The control group was treated with cyclosporine， while the study group was treated with itraconazole ethanolamine tablets. Both groups were treated continuously for 3 months. Compare the clinical efficacy of two groups of patients T lymphocyte subpopulation levels ［CD3⁺ CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺， as well as adverse reactions. Detect CD40 on the surface of lymphocyte membrane and platelet membrane in two groups of patients CD40L level， plasma sCD40 and sCD40L levels were detected using ELISA. Results The total effective rate of the study group （92.50%） was significantly higher than that of the control group （75.00%） （P < 0.05）. CD3⁺ CD4⁺，CD4⁺/CD8⁺， The expression levels of sCD40 in plasma were higher than before treatment， CD8⁺ and peripheral blood CD19⁺ CD40⁺ The expression levels of CD3⁺， CD40L⁺ cells， and plasma sCD40L were lower than before treatment； Research group CD3⁺ CD4⁺， CD4⁺/CD8⁺， The expression level of sCD40 in plasma was higher than that in the control group， CD8⁺， And peripheral blood CD19⁺ CD40⁺ The expression levels of CD3⁺ CD40L⁺ cells and plasma sCD40L were lower than those of the control group （P < 0.05）. The CD40L⁺ cells on the surface of peripheral blood platelet membranes after two treatment groups were lower than before treatment； The CD40⁺ on the surface of peripheral blood platelet membrane in the study group was higher than that in the control group， CD40L⁺ cells were lower than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. The total adverse rate of the study group （15.00%） was lower than that of the control group （22.50%）， but there was no significant difference between the two groups （P > 0.05）. Conclusion The treatment of ITP in children with eltrombopag olamine tablets has good clinical efficacy， regulates the level of T lymphocyte subsets， and is safe.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of CD3⁺/CD4⁺T lymphocyte level and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio （NLR） in radiation pneumonia. Methods The data of 87 patients with locally advanced non-operative non-small cell lung cancer admitted to our hospital from March 2018 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them， 43 cases had radiation pneumonia and 44 cases did not have radiation pneumonia. The changes in T lymphocyte subsets and NLR before and after radiotherapy were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic value of T lymphocyte subsets and NLR in lung cancer radiation pneumonia after radiotherapy was analyzed， the correlation between T lymphocyte subsets and NLR and the grade severity of radiation pneumonia was analyzed， and the ROC curve of T lymphocyte subsets and NLR in predicting lung cancer radiation pneumonia after radiotherapy was drawn， and the AUC area was calculated. Results The levels of CD3⁺T lymphocytes and CD4⁺T lymphocytes in the post-radiotherapy group were significantly lower than those before radiotherapy and those without radiotherapy （P < 0.05）. The NLR in the post-radiotherapy group was significantly higher than that before radiotherapy and those without radiotherapy （P < 0.05）. The sensitivity， specificity， accuracy， negative predictive value， and positive predictive value of the combined diagnosis of CD3⁺T lymphocytes， CD4⁺T lymphocytes， and NLR were higher than those of NLR and higher than those of CD4⁺T lymphocytes and CD3⁺T lymphocytes. The changes of CD3⁺T lymphocyte and CD4⁺T lymphocyte levels were negatively correlated with grade severity of radiopneumonia （P < 0.05）， while the changes of NLR were positively correlated with grade severity of radiopneumonia （P < 0.05）. Combined detection of CD3⁺T lymphocytes， CD4⁺T lymphocytes， and NLR predicted that the AUC area of lung cancer after radiotherapy was 0.924， which was larger than that of CD3⁺T lymphocytes， CD4⁺T lymphocytes， and NLR alone. Conclusion The combined detection of CD3⁺T lymphocytes， CD4⁺T lymphocytes， and NLR has an ideal value in the diagnosis and prediction of radiation pneumonia after radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer， and can be used as an indicator for early diagnosis and prevention of radiation pneumonia.

Objective By population survey， to explore the epidemiological characteristics of gastric precancerous lesions in Lishui District of Nanjing and provide objective basis for the prevention and treatment of early gastric cancer. Methods From July 2021 to December 2022， 21 977 patients who received endoscopy and/or ¹³C-UBT in Lishui District People's Hospital and 6 medical community units in Nanjing City were retrospectively analyzed for demography characteristics， detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions， and H. Pylori infection rate. Results （1） 590 cases of gastric precancerous lesions were detected （detection rate 2.68%）； （2） The total detection rate of precancerous lesions and three pathological types in males were all higher than those in females （all P < 0.001）； （3） The minimum age for the total detection rate of precancerous lesions in males and the minimum age for each pathological type were lower than in females （P < 0.001， 0.009， 0.005， 0.002）； （4） The population total H. pylori infection rate was 23.10%， the H. pylori infection rate in patients with precancerous lesions was higher than that in non-precancerous lesions （P < 0.001）， both H. pylori infection rate of male and female in precancerous lesions were all higher than those of non-precancerous lesions of the same sex （all P < 0.001）， in addition， the H. pylori infection rate of male whether in precancerous or non-precancerous lesions was higher than that of female （all P < 0.001）； （5） The precancerous lesions detection rate in male， female， and the overall age range of 20 ~ 29 to 70 ~ 79 years is positively correlated with age growth （P < 0.001）， and rapidly decreases after the age of 79， the of H. pylori infection rate was also positively correlated with age growth （P < 0.001）， and the trend of age change （P < 0.001） was parallel to the precancerous lesions detection rate. Conclusions The detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions in this region is above the average level in China；the total H. pylori infection rate is at a relatively low level in China； the H. pylori infection rate is parallel to the age trend of the detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions， and increases with age.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness with a significant disease burden. The interaction between oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory factors promotes chronic neuroinflammation and immune damage， leads to dysregulation of dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways and occurrence of psychotic symptoms and is believed to be closely related to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this paper， we aim to identify biomarkers within the tryptophan kynurenine metabolic pathway， the WNT/β-Catenin pathway and the NF-κB pathway， and dopamine metabolism. These pathways have been extensively studied and are known to be involved in the interaction between inflammation and oxidative stress. We will also explore the potential application of related antioxidants in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia， summarizing their current research progress.

Adenomyosis （AM） is characterized by the benign invasion of endometrial tissue and stroma into the myometrium， resulting in diffuse or localized pathological changes. Typical symptoms include increased menstrual volume， prolonged menstrual periods， and progressive dysmenorrhea. In severe cases， AM can lead to infertility. Endometrial receptivity （ER） plays a crucial role in facilitating adhesion， penetration， and implantation required for successful embryo implantation and pregnancy outcome. The impairment of ER due to AM-related factors involves complex mechanisms. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent research findings on the mechanisms underlying ER injury caused by AM over the past three years while highlighting the latest advancements in treatment strategies.

Matrix metalloproteinase-28 （MMP-28） is widely expressed in vertebrates and plays diverse biological roles， participating in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes in the body. Increased expression of MMP-28 has been observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease， pulmonary fibrosis， and other lung diseases. Studies have demonstrated that MMP-28 promotes chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling by regulating macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization， and is involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases by promoting cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This article provides a review of the relationship between the basic characteristics of MMP-28 and pulmonary diseases.

Temporal lobe epilepsy （TLE） is a common type of epilepsy. It may lead to cognitive impairment when it becomes recurrent. However， how it happens remains unclear. Recently， noninvasive resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （rs-fMRI） has been used comprehensively in the clinical diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy-associated cognitive impairment for its high temporal and spatial resolution. To better understand the effectiveness of rs-fMRI in the diagnosis， his paper reviews the relevant literature， comprehensively analyzing the epileptogenic foci localization and neural network alterations displayed by rs-fMRI and exploring the insight to the mechanism of temporal lobe epilepsy-associated cognitive impairment. Moreover， the paper has discussed the rs-fMRI's potential in predicting surgical outcomes and machine learning applications. This review is hoped to be conducive to improving treatment outcomes and providing novel approaches for more precise and intelligent interventions in clinical practice.

The incidence of coronary heart disease is increasing year by year， with the mortality rate ranking first. Early prevention， diagnosis， and treatment are crucial to reduce the mortality rate. Coronary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing coronary heart disease and is widely used in clinical practice， but it cannot accurately reflect the degree of coronary artery disease. Blood flow reserve fraction （FFR） is currently the reference standard for evaluating coronary artery stenosis function. However， it is an invasive examination that is limited in clinical application due to factors such as complex operation， high cost， multiple side effects related to vasodilators， and poor reproducibility. In recent years， non-invasive blood flow reserve scores related to imaging have been increasingly applied in clinical practice. Quantitative flow fraction （QFR） and optical coherence tomography based flow reserve fraction （OCT based optical flow ratio OFR） have become research hotspots. OFR， as a relatively new technology， has received increasing attention. Therefore， this article will describe the basic principles， clinical value， and research progress of the above-mentioned technologies.