Skull defects is a common and important clinical condition in neurosurgery. Using the osteogenicproperties of stem cells to repair bone defects of critical size has become the focus of attention. Application ofvarious stem cells has presently made significant progress in bone tissue engineering. However，how to improve theimplantation rate and survival rate of stem cells is the key to this repair method. Therapies with stem cells for skulldefects have been proven feasible in animal studies，providing a new way for further clinical research. Stem celltransplantation is still the most promising procedure for repairing skull defects.