Microglia plays a major role in neuroinflammation in brain，for it has a classically activated M1 pro⁃inflammatory phenotype and an alternatively activated anti⁃inflammatory M2 phenotype. Different signaling path⁃ways have been discovered to alter the polarization of microglia and thus exert a regulatory effect on neuroinflamma⁃tion. This article summarizes the feasible pathways in this field to provide new ideas for the follow⁃up research in neuroinflammatory mechanism and therapeutic targets of the inflammation.