Abstract:

Pancreatic cancer （PC） is one of the deadliest malignant tumors worldwide，known as the ‘king of cancers’ due to its insidious onset， high malignancy， and high mortality rate. PC is highly malignant and progresses rapidly， but its onset is insidious with atypical early symptoms， making it difficult to detect early lesions through conventional imaging studies. It is usually only discovered when symptoms like jaundice， abdominal and back pain occur. Surgical resection is currently the only curative option for PC. However， due to the difficulty in early diagnosis， the majority of patients are already in the middle to late stages at the time of diagnosis， missing the opportunity for surgery. Studies have confirmed that the progression of pancreatic cancer is relatively slow， with the initial tumor cells requiring at least 15 years to gain metastatic ability. Therefore， timely detection of pancreatic cancer through tumor markers could significantly improve the survival rate of patients. The most widely used and diagnostically valuable tumor marker in clinical practice is Carbohydrate antigen 199 （CA199）. However， due to about 3% ~ 7% of pancreatic cancer patients being Lewis antigen-negative blood types and not expressing CA19-9， its sensitivity is only 79% ~ 81%， which does not provide good efficacy for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic juice， as a fluid near the tumor， has attracted much attention as a good source of tumor-related biomarkers. Many studies have confirmed the accuracy of using proteins， DNA， and exosomes in pancreatic juice for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer， showing great prospects for pancreatic juice as a source of tumor markers for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Therefore， this thesis reviews the efficacy of pancreatic juice as a specimen for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Key words: pancreatic cancer, diagnosis, pancreatic juice, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma