The Journal of Practical Medicine ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (21): 2965-2970.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.21.001
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Received:
2024-02-19
Online:
2024-11-10
Published:
2024-11-19
Contact:
Zhijian. WANG
E-mail:wzjnfyy@163.com
CLC Number:
Chao SHENG,Zhijian. WANG. Early identification, standardized diagnosis and treatment of placenta accreta spectrum disorders[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2024, 40(21): 2965-2970.
Tab.1
Clinical and histological grading system of FIGO placenta accreta spectrum"
等级 | 临床标准 | 组织学标准 |
---|---|---|
1级: 异常黏附的胎盘(粘连性) | 阴道分娩: (1)使用缩宫素及轻柔牵拉脐带胎盘无剥离 (2)手取胎盘时导致胎盘剥离部位大出血,需要机械压迫或外科手术干预 | (1)胎盘的显微镜检查:子宫切除标本显示绒毛和子宫肌层之间蜕膜大面积缺失,胎盘绒毛直接附着于子宫浅肌层 (2)不能仅在胎盘床或胎盘组织随机抽样检查进行病理诊断 |
剖宫产手术: (1)诊断标准同上 (2)肉眼观察,胎盘着床部位的子宫未见明显扩张(胎盘膨出);子宫表面没有或只有极少的新生血管,未见胎盘组织侵入 | ||
2级: 异常侵入的胎盘(植入性) | 剖宫产手术时: (1)肉眼观察:胎盘着床部位扩张(胎盘膨出),表面呈蓝紫色 (2)子宫浆膜血管迂曲且分布增多 (3)胎盘组织未侵入子宫浆膜层 (4)轻柔牵拉脐带可见子宫向内回缩,胎盘仍未剥离 (酒窝征) | 切除的子宫或胎盘植入部位子宫肌层标本显示: 胎盘绒毛位于子宫肌纤维内,部分还位于子宫深部血管(桡动脉或弓状动脉)管腔内 |
3级: 异常侵入的胎盘(穿透性) | 3a:局限于子宫浆膜层 剖宫产手术时: (1)肉眼可见胎盘着床部位扩张(胎盘膨出);表面呈蓝紫色;胎盘组织侵入子宫浆膜层 (2)未侵入其他器官,膀胱后壁(膀胱和子宫之间可以找到清晰的手术界面) | 子宫切除标本显示: 绒毛在子宫浆膜层内或子宫浆膜层已破裂 |
3b:侵犯膀胱 剖宫产手术时可见: (1)绒毛侵入膀胱,但未侵入其他器官 (2)子宫和膀胱之间无法找到清晰的手术界面 | 子宫切除标本显示:绒毛不仅突破子宫浆膜层,而且侵入膀胱壁组织或膀胱上皮 | |
3c:侵犯其他盆腔组织或器官 剖宫产手术时可见绒毛侵入阔韧带、盆腔侧壁,阴道壁、或其他盆腔器官,伴或不伴侵入膀胱 | 子宫切除标本显示:绒毛不仅突破子宫浆膜层,而且侵入盆腔组织/器官,伴或不伴侵入膀胱 |
Tab.2
Prenatal ultrasound staging system and corresponding histopathological results of cesarean section history with placenta previa"
超声分期 | 超声表现 | 组织病理 |
---|---|---|
PAS 0 | 前置胎盘,无侵入肌层的超声征象; 或前置胎盘,有胎盘腔隙但无子宫膀胱界面异常(胎盘后低回声区消失或膀胱壁中断) | 前置胎盘不伴PAS |
PAS 1 | 以下3项超声征象至少存在两项: 胎盘腔隙 胎盘后低回声区消失 膀胱壁中断 | 胎盘粘连/胎盘植入 |
PAS 2 | PAS 1基础上存在子宫肌层膀胱壁高度血管化 | 局灶性或弥漫性胎盘穿透 |
PAS 3 | PAS 1或PAS 2基础上,出现子宫下段下部血管增多,延伸至宫旁区域 | 穿透性胎盘植入,侵及子宫下段下1/3和盆腔侧壁(或宫旁) |
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