Abstract:

Intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring and management are essential components of perioperative care for adult patients undergoing non?cardiac surgery， as they are critical for maintaining adequate tissue perfusion and preventing organ dysfunction. In June 2025， the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care （ESAIC） published the “Statement on Intraoperative Hemodynamic Monitoring and Management in Adult Non? Cardiac Surgery.” Developed by a panel of 25 international multidisciplinary experts using an evidence?based approach， this statement addresses six key domains： arterial blood pressure management， heart rate regulation， stroke volume and cardiac output monitoring， assessment of cardiac preload and fluid responsiveness， application of microcirculation monitoring techniques， and integrated management of anesthesia depth with cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the statement′s core recommendations， including guidance on the selection and limitations of monitoring modalities， as well as specific management targets for instance， recommending a mean arterial pressure of at least 60 mmHg as a threshold for intervention and explicitly advising against the use of arterial pressure as a surrogate for cardiac output. The objective is to offer practical clinical guidance for anesthesiologists and to enhance the precision and effectiveness of intraoperative hemodynamic management in adult non?cardiac surgical patients.

Key words: adult non?cardiac surgery, hemodynamics, anesthesia, monitoring, mean arterial pressure, fluid responsiveness