结核细胞外囊泡生物标志物研究新进展与挑战

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.14.023

Abstract

Abstract:

Tuberculosis remains a significant global public health threat. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial to combat this disease. Yet， traditional diagnostic methods for tuberculosis face limitations due to their low sensitivity， extended detection periods， and dependence on sputum samples. Molecular diagnostic techniques， while offering higher sensitivity， still primarily rely on sputum samples， thereby impeding significant advancements in tuberculosis diagnosis. In clinical settings， there exists a pressing demand for diagnostic approaches that are not solely reliant on sputum samples. In recent years， extracellular vesicles （EVs）， as emerging biomarkers， have demonstrated substantial potential in various diseases， including tumors and infectious diseases. A multitude of studies indicate that EVs also exhibit potential in the field of tuberculosis. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the biological characteristics of EVs and their role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. It systematically summarizes the progress and significance of EV-based biomarkers in tuberculosis diagnosis， treatment monitoring， and disease mechanism exploration， while addressing the challenges and future prospects in this field. The aim is to offer valuable insights and up-to-date research findings to researchers and clinicians engaged in tuberculosis-related studies.

Key words: tuberculosis, extracellular vesicles, biomarkers, early diagnosis, clinical implementation

CLC Number:

Jingwen LAI,Yuchuan ZHAO,Zhuhua WU,Xunxun CHEN,Kehao PENG,Yuhui CHEN,Ran WEI,Xiaoyu LAI,Jingyu. WANG. Research advances and challenges in tuberculosis⁃associated extracellular vesicle biomarkers[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025, 41(14): 2278-2284.

Figures/Tables 2

Tab.1

Tab.2

References 48

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编号	内容	起源	分析方法
1	19-kDa lipoprotein, LAM	结核分枝杆菌的细胞外囊泡	单克隆抗体
2	lipoglycans and lipoproteins	结核分枝杆菌的细胞外囊泡	免疫荧光显微镜
3	LpqH, PstS1, EsxN	结核分枝杆菌的细胞外囊泡	蛋白质印迹
4	mycobactins	结核分枝杆菌的细胞外囊泡	超高效液相色谱-质谱
5	KatG, Cfp29, HspX, EphG, DnaK, FabG4, EchA16, DesA1, Pks13, EchA8, RpIO, Ssb, RpIS, RpIN, RpIE, LpqH, EsxA, EsxO, EsxN, etc.	结核分枝杆菌的细胞外囊泡	无标记质谱
6	MAH104 MAV_5152, MAV_2909, MAV_2345, MAV_4365, MAV_2833, MAV_3813, MAV_0740, MAV_2054, MAV_3310, MAV_1082, MAV_2964, etc.	结核分枝杆菌的细胞外囊泡	质谱法
7	lppX, vapC6, lpqH, pstS1, rpsM, Rv1342c, Rv1676, Rv0724A, prrA, smpB, Rv3649, trmD, hemC, PPE61, etc.	结核分枝杆菌的细胞外囊泡	核酸可编程蛋白质测定法（NAPPA）
8	OpuCA, OpuCC, Kat, LacD, InfC, FtsZ	结核分枝杆菌的细胞外囊泡	质谱/质谱光谱
9	SodB, EsxN, LppX, PstS1, LpqH, KatG, GlnA1, Apa, FbpA, FadA3, Mtc28, AcpM, Fba, Prs etc.	结核分枝杆菌的细胞外囊泡	液相色谱-质谱/质谱

编号	EV-miRNAs	细胞外囊泡来源	方法筛选	表达模式	参考文献
1	miR-20b-5p	感染结核分枝杆菌的巨噬细胞上清液	逆转录聚合酶链反应	减少	［27］
2	miR-27-3p, let-7a-5p, let-7c-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-98-5p, miR-30a-3p, etc.	感染结核分枝杆菌的巨噬细胞上清液	RNA测序	增加	［28］
3	miR-194-5p, miR-5110	感染牛分枝杆菌的巨噬细胞的上清液	RNA测序	减少	［28］
4	miR-185-5p	肺结核患者血浆	RNA测序	增加	［29］
5	miR-423-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20b-5p	结核病患者血清	RNA测序	增加	［30］
6	let-7e-5p, let-7d-5p, miR-450a-5p, miR-140-5p	LTBI患者血清	RNA测序	增加	［26］
7	miR-1246, miR-2110, miR-370-3p, miR -28-3p, miR-193b-5p, etc.	结核病患者的血清	RNA测序	增加	［26］
8	miR-26a-5p	ATB患者血清	RNA测序	减少	［26］
9	miR-484, miR-425, miR-96, etc.	结核病患者血清	逆转录聚合酶链反应	增加	［25］
10	miR-205-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-141-3p, etc.	结核病患者胸腔积液	RNA测序	增加	［31］
11	miR-483-5p, miR-375	结核病患者胸腔积液	RNA测序	减少	［28］
12	miR-33a-3p, miR-153-3, miR-373-5p, etc.	结核病患者胸腔积液	RNA测序	增加	［32］
13	miR-3120-5p, miR-489-3p, -miR-4669-5p, etc.	LTBI患者胸腔积液	sRNA测序	减少	［32］
14	miR-143-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-20a-5p, etc.	LTBI患者血清	sRNA测序	增加	［33］
15	miR-23b, miR-17, miR-584, etc.	ATB患者血清	sRNA测序	增加	［33］

Research advances and challenges in tuberculosis⁃associated extracellular vesicle biomarkers

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