实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1105-1125.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.07.001

• 指南·共识·解读 •    

肺结核主动筛查循证指南

  

  • 收稿日期:2026-02-28 修回日期:2026-03-06 接受日期:2026-03-09 出版日期:2026-04-10 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 卢水华
  • 基金资助:
    新发突发与重大传染病防控国家科技重大专项(2025ZD01907900);深圳市医学研究专项资金项目(D250403009);深圳市基础研究专项自然科学基金项目(JCYJ20250604144008011)

Evidence-based guidelines for active screening of pulmonary tuberculosis

  1. Beijing 100710
    Shenzhen 518112
  • Received:2026-02-28 Revised:2026-03-06 Accepted:2026-03-09 Online:2026-04-10 Published:2026-04-13

摘要:

本指南旨在贯彻落实《全国结核病防治规划(2024—2030年)》,推动我国结核病防控模式由因症就诊的被动发现向主动筛查转型,系统整合循证医学证据与防控实践,提供科学、系统、可操作的循证依据,提升早期发现率、强化防控策略、促进结核病防治体系的持续优化。本指南明确了四类优先筛查对象:具有肺结核可疑症状但尚未就诊的人群、肺结核发病高风险人群、重点人群及肺结核高发病率地区社区人群,系统评估了症状筛查、影像学检查、免疫学和分子生物学检测、C反应蛋白检测等多种技术的敏感性和特异性,并针对不同人群开展肺结核主动筛查的方式,提出循证推荐意见。基于证据-决策框架,提出多步骤、联合筛查策略,强调不同人群的差异化筛查路径,突出儿童与成人、免疫抑制人群与普通人群的筛查重点,确保在有限资源下实现早期发现与防控效能的最大化,并提出监测与评估机制,以确保筛查质量、疾病发现效能和资源配置优化。同时指出未来研究方向应聚焦新型筛查技术的应用、精准风险分层及数字化管理模式,以推动主动筛查策略从“广泛覆盖”向“精准高效”转型。该指南为各级卫生行政部门和防治机构提供可操作的循证参考,有助于提升早期发现率、缩短诊断时滞并降低社区传播风险。

关键词: 肺结核, 主动筛查, 高风险人群, 重点人群, 社区人群, 循证指南

Abstract:

These guidelines are designed to implement the National Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Plan (2024‐2030), facilitating the transition of China's tuberculosis control model from passive case-finding based on symptomatic presentation to active screening. The guidelines also aim to systematically integrate evidence-based medical practices with control strategies, so as to offer scientific, systematic, and actionable recommendations. As a result, the early detection rates can be enhanced, control strategies can be strengthened, and the continuous optimization of the tuberculosis prevention and control system can be promoted. This guideline identifies four priority screening groups: individuals with suspected tuberculosis symptoms who have not yet sought medical care; populations at high risk of developing tuberculosis; key populations; and community members in high pulmonary tuberculosis incidence areas. The guideline systematically evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of various techniques, including symptom screening, imaging examinations, immunological and molecular biological testing, and C-reactive protein testing. Evidence-based recommendations are provided for implementing active tuberculosis screening approaches tailored to different populations.Based on an evidence-decision framework, the guidelines put forward a multi-step, combined screening strategy that emphasizes differentiated pathways. It highlights specific considerations for children as opposed to adults, and immunocompromised individuals compared to the general population. This approach is aimed at maximizing early detection and control effectiveness in resource-limited situations. Moreover, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are suggested to guarantee screening quality, enhance case-finding efficiency, and allocate resources efficiently. The guideline also pinpoints future research directions, concentrating on the application of novel screening technologies, precise risk stratification, and digital management models. These endeavors are intended to propel the evolution of active screening strategies from “broad coverage” towards “precision and efficiency”. This guideline offers an actionable evidence-based reference for health authorities and tuberculosis control institutions at all levels, ultimately leading to increased early detection rates, reduced diagnostic delays, and decreased community transmission risks.

Key words: pulmonary tuberculosis, active screening, high-risk population, key populations, community members, evidence-based guidelines

中图分类号: