实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1105-1125.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.07.001
• 指南·共识·解读 •
收稿日期:2026-02-28
修回日期:2026-03-06
接受日期:2026-03-09
出版日期:2026-04-10
发布日期:2026-04-13
通讯作者:
卢水华
基金资助:
Received:2026-02-28
Revised:2026-03-06
Accepted:2026-03-09
Online:2026-04-10
Published:2026-04-13
摘要:
本指南旨在贯彻落实《全国结核病防治规划(2024—2030年)》,推动我国结核病防控模式由因症就诊的被动发现向主动筛查转型,系统整合循证医学证据与防控实践,提供科学、系统、可操作的循证依据,提升早期发现率、强化防控策略、促进结核病防治体系的持续优化。本指南明确了四类优先筛查对象:具有肺结核可疑症状但尚未就诊的人群、肺结核发病高风险人群、重点人群及肺结核高发病率地区社区人群,系统评估了症状筛查、影像学检查、免疫学和分子生物学检测、C反应蛋白检测等多种技术的敏感性和特异性,并针对不同人群开展肺结核主动筛查的方式,提出循证推荐意见。基于证据-决策框架,提出多步骤、联合筛查策略,强调不同人群的差异化筛查路径,突出儿童与成人、免疫抑制人群与普通人群的筛查重点,确保在有限资源下实现早期发现与防控效能的最大化,并提出监测与评估机制,以确保筛查质量、疾病发现效能和资源配置优化。同时指出未来研究方向应聚焦新型筛查技术的应用、精准风险分层及数字化管理模式,以推动主动筛查策略从“广泛覆盖”向“精准高效”转型。该指南为各级卫生行政部门和防治机构提供可操作的循证参考,有助于提升早期发现率、缩短诊断时滞并降低社区传播风险。
中图分类号:
. 肺结核主动筛查循证指南[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2026, 42(7): 1105-1125.
表1
不同人群的定义"
| 人群 | 定义 |
|---|---|
| 具有肺结核可疑症状但尚未就诊的人群 | 咳嗽、咳痰等症状持续2周或以上,或者有痰中带血或咯血、盗汗、乏力、间断或持续午后低热、食欲不振、体重减轻等症状的人群[ |
| 肺结核发病高风险人群 | 包括HIV感染者、肺结核患者密切接触者(成人和儿童)、接受TNF-α拮抗剂治疗的患者、器官移植术后或风湿免疫疾病需要长期使用免疫抑制剂的患者、患矽肺等基础肺部疾病的患者、胸廓畸形患者、吸毒者、接触肺结核患者的医务人员等[ |
| 重点人群 | 除以上高风险人群外的其他重点人群,如糖尿病患者、老年人(年龄≥ 65岁)、既往结核病患者、学校、劳动密集型企业、监管场所等人员密集机构人群等[ |
| 肺结核高发病率地区社区人群 | 肺结核高发病率地区的社区人群 |
表2
不同筛查手段用于肺结核主动筛查的效果评价"
| 筛查手段 | 适用人群 | 敏感性 | 特异性 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 长期(慢性)咳嗽[ | 可疑人群/高风险人群 | 0.42(95%CI:0.36 ~ 0.48) | 0.94(95%CI:0.92 ~ 0.96) |
| 任意时长咳嗽[ | 可疑人群/高风险人群 | 0.51(95%CI:0.43 ~ 0.60) | 0.88(95%CI:0.82 ~ 0.92) |
| 任意肺结核症状[ | 可疑人群/高风险人群 | 0.71(95%CI:0.62 ~ 0.79) | 0.64(95%CI:0.52 ~ 0.74) |
| WHO推荐的4种主要结核病症状[ | HIV感染者 | 0.83(95%CI:0.74 ~ 0.89) | 0.38(95%CI:0.25 ~ 0.53) |
| 胸部X线(肺结核疑诊)[ | 可疑人群/高风险人群 | 0.85(95%CI:0.77 ~ 0.90) | 0.96(95%CI:0.93 ~ 0.97) |
| 胸部X线(任何症状)[ | 可疑人群/高风险人群 | 0.94(95%CI:0.92 ~ 0.96) | 0.89(95%CI:0.85 ~ 0.92) |
| 分子快速诊断检测[ | 可疑人群/高风险人群 | 0.69(95%CI:0.48 ~ 0.86) | 0.99(95%CI:0.97 ~ 0.99) |
| LF-LAM[ | HIV感染者 | 0.42(95%CI:0.31 ~ 0.55) | 0.91(95%CI:0.85 ~ 0.95) |
| C 反应蛋白检测(5 mg/L)[ | HIV感染者 | 0.90(95%CI:0.78 ~ 0.96) | 0.50(95%CI:0.29 ~ 0.71) |
附表1
临床问题PICO框架详表"
| 编号 | 临床问题表述 | 人群(Population) | 干预措施(Intervention) | 对照措施(Comparison) | 结局指标(Outcome) | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 在肺结核可疑症状人群中,采用症状问询+胸部X线检查与单纯症状问询相比,是否能提高患者检出率并缩短诊断延误? | 出现咳嗽、咳痰≥ 2周、咯血、发热、盗汗等肺结核可疑症状的个体。 | 症状问询+胸部X线检查(立即或24 h内)。 | 单纯症状问询(转诊至定点机构自行检查)。 | 关键结局:ATB检出率、患者诊断延误时间。 重要结局:筛查成本效果比、失访率。 | 针对基层医疗机构初诊场景。 |
| 2 | 在HIV感染者等高危人群中,采用CRP检测作为初筛工具,是否能有效筛选出需要进一步进行分子生物学检测的对象? | HIV感染者、矽肺患者、免疫抑制剂使用者等高危人群。 | CRP检测(按既定阈值,如>5 mg/L为阳性)联合分子生物学快速检测。 | 症状问询(阳性者)联合分子生物学快速检测。 | 关键结局:筛查灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值。 重要结局:漏诊率、不必要的进一步检查比例。 | 需明确CRP的截断值。 |
| 3 | 在肺结核高发病率地区社区人群中,采用移动X线车定期筛查与被动发现相比,是否能有效降低社区结核病的传播风险? | 过去1年肺结核发病率高于150/10万的社区常住居民。 | 移动X线车现场拍摄,结合人工智能辅助读片或医生远程诊断(每年1次)。 | 仅依靠医疗机构被动发现(因症就诊)。 | 关键结局:社区结核病发病率、菌阳患者检出率。 重要结局:筛查覆盖率、参与率、每发现一例患者的成本。 | 筛查频率需明确。 |
| 4 | 在学校结核菌素试验强阳性者等重点人群中,采用分子生物学快速检测替代传统培养,是否能更早发现ATB? | 学校结核病筛查中发现的PPD强阳性或IGRA阳性的密切接触者。 | 分子生物学快速检测(检测痰液或其他呼吸道标本)。 | 胸部X线检查+痰涂片/培养。 | 关键结局:ATB检出率、检测周转时间。 重要结局:预防性治疗启动率、耐药情况检出。 | ‐ |
| 5 | 在老年人等重点人群中,开展症状问询+胸部X线检查的频率应为每年一次还是两年一次,成本效果更优? | 社区65岁及以上常住老年人。 | 每年一次症状问询+胸部X线检查。 | 每2年1次症状问询+胸部X线检查。 | 关键结局:发病率、晚期病变检出率。 重要结局:每质量调整生命年(QALY)成本、累计辐射暴露剂量。 | 需考虑基层执行能力。 |
| [1] | 国家疾控局, 国家卫生健康委, 国家发展改革委, 等. 关于印发《全国结核病防治规划(2024—2030年)》的通知: 国疾控传防发〔2024〕19号[EB/OL]. (2024-11-28)[2026-03-06]. . |
| [2] |
World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: Screening-systematic screening for tuberculosis disease[M]. World Health Organization, 2021. doi:10.2471/b09341
doi: 10.2471/b09341 |
| [3] | World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 1: Prevention-infection prevention and control[M]. World Health Organization, 2022. |
| [4] | 中国疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制中心. 中国结核病防治工作技术指南[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2021: 388. |
| [5] | World Health Organization. WHO handbook for guideline development, 2nd Edition[M]. World Health Organization, 2014. |
| [6] |
陈耀龙, 杨克虎, 王小钦,等. 中国制订/修订临床诊疗指南的指导原则[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2022, 102(10): 697-703. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211228-02911 .
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211228-02911 |
| [7] |
CHEN Y, YANG K, MARUŠIC A,et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: The RIGHT statement[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132. doi: 10.7326/M16-1565 .
doi: 10.7326/M16-1565 |
| [8] |
BROUWERS M C, KHO M E, BROWMAN G P, et al. AGREE II: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care[J]. CMAJ, 2010, 182(18): E839-E842. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090449 .
doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090449 |
| [9] |
蒋朱明, 詹思延, 贾晓巍, 等. 制订/修订《 临床诊疗指南》的基本方法及程序[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2016, 96(4): 250-253. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.04.004
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.04.004 |
| [10] | World Health Organization. Target product profiles for tuberculosis screening tests [M]. World Health Organization, 2025. |
| [11] |
SEMITALA F C, CATTAMANCHI A, ANDAMA A, et al. Brief report: Yield and efficiency of intensified tuberculosis case-finding algorithms in 2 high-risk HIV subgroups in Uganda[J]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2019, 82(4): 416-420. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002162 .
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002162 |
| [12] |
OLSSON O, BJÖRKMAN P, JANSSON M, et al. Plasma profiles of inflammatory markers associated with active tuberculosis in antiretroviral therapy-naive human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals[J]. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2019, 6(2): ofz015. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofz015 .
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofz015 |
| [13] |
GETAHUN H, KITTIKRAISAK W, HEILIG C M, et al. Development of a standardized screening rule for tuberculosis in people living with HIV in resource-constrained settings: Individual participant data meta-analysis of observational studies[J]. PLoS Med, 2011, 8(1): e1000391. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000391 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000391 |
| [14] |
RICHARDS A S, SOSSEN B, EMERY J C, et al. Quantifying progression and regression across the spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis: A data synthesis study[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2023, 11(5): e684-e692. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00082-7 .
doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00082-7 |
| [15] |
STUCK L, KLINKENBERG E, ALI N A, et al. Prevalence of subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis in adults in community settings: An individual participant data meta-analysis[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2024, 24(7): 726-736. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00011-2 .
doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00011-2 |
| [16] |
YOON C, DOWDY D W, ESMAIL H, et al. Screening for tuberculosis: Time to move beyond symptoms[J]. Lancet Respir Med, 2019, 7(3): 202-204. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30039-6 .
doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30039-6 |
| [17] |
ESMAIL H, MILLER C, FALZON D, et al. Scaling-up symptom-agnostic, community-wide screening toward global tuberculosis elimination: Opportunities, challenges, and lessons from history[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2025, 155: 107875. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107875 .
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107875 |
| [18] |
SOSSEN B, MAARTENS G. Tuberculosis screening in adults with HIV: Beyond symptoms[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2024, 12(5): e719-e720. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00081-0 .
doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00081-0 |
| [19] |
BJERRUM S, SCHILLER I, DENDUKURI N, et al. Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay for detecting active tuberculosis in people living with HIV[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2019, 10(10). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011420.pub3 .
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011420.pub3 |
| [20] |
VAN'T HOOG A, VINEY K, BIERMANN O, et al. Symptom‐and chest-radiography screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative adults and adults with unknown HIV status[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2022, 3(3). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010890.pub2 .
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010890.pub2 |
| [21] |
QIN C, YAO D, SHI Y, et al. Computer-aided detection in chest radiography based on artificial intelligence: A survey[J]. Biomed Eng Online, 2018, 17(1): 113. doi: 10.1186/s12938-018-0544-y .
doi: 10.1186/s12938-018-0544-y |
| [22] |
TAN Q, HUANG C C, BECERRA M C, et al. Chest radiograph screening for detecting subclinical tuberculosis in asymptomatic household contacts, Peru[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2024, 30(6): 1115. doi: 10.3201/eid3006.231699 .
doi: 10.3201/eid3006.231699 |
| [23] |
TELISINGHE L, FIELDING K L, MALDEN J L, et al. High tuberculosis prevalence in a South African prison: The need for routine tuberculosis screening[J]. PloS One, 2014, 9(1): e87262. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087262 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087262 |
| [24] |
NGUYEN T B P, NGUYEN T A, LUU B K, et al. A comparison of digital chest radiography and Xpert® MTB/RIF in active case finding for tuberculosis[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2020, 24(9): 934-940. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0764 .
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0764 |
| [25] |
LE V, PASCOPELLA L, WESTENHOUSE J, et al. A cross-sectional study of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and normal chest radiographs—what characteristics were associated with sputum culture positivity?[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2022, 75(12): 2113-2118. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac338 .
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac338 |
| [26] |
罗光慧, 张建平. CT检查在肺结核诊断中的应用价值[J]. 临床合理用药杂志, 2012, 5(28): 37-38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3296.2012.28.030 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3296.2012.28.030 |
| [27] |
SHARMA K, SAXENA P. Chest X-rays and CT Results from Tuberculosis Screening in Healthcare Workers Using Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA)[J]. Cardiometry, 2022 (25): 1436-1440. doi: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.25.14361440 .
doi: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.25.14361440 |
| [28] |
GOLUB J E, MOHAN C I, COMSTOCK G W, et al. Active case finding of tuberculosis: Historical perspective and future prospects[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2005, 9(11): 1183. PMID: .
pmid: 16333924 |
| [29] |
MACPHERSON P, STAGG H R, SCHWALB A, et al. Impact of active case finding for tuberculosis with mass chest X-ray screening in Glasgow, Scotland, 1950-1963: An epidemiological analysis of historical data[J]. PLoS Med, 2024, 21(11): e1004448. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004448 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004448 |
| [30] |
中国防痨协会影像专业分会, 中华医学会结核病学分会, 中国防痨协会标准化专业分会, 等. 胸部影像学检查人工智能辅助读片技术在肺结核患者发现中的应用专家共识[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2025, 47(9): 1093-1104. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250234 .
doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250234 |
| [31] |
NIJIATI M, MA J, HU C, et al. Artificial intelligence assisting the early detection of active pulmonary tuberculosis from chest X-rays: A population-based study[J]. Front Mol Biosci, 2022, 9: 874475. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.874475 .
doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.874475 |
| [32] |
SANTOSH K C, ALLU S, RAJARAMAN S, et al. Advances in deep learning for tuberculosis screening using chest X-rays: The last 5 years review[J]. J Med Syst, 2022, 46(11): 82. doi: 10.1007/s10916-022-01870-8 .
doi: 10.1007/s10916-022-01870-8 |
| [33] |
MOSES D A. Deep learning applied to automatic disease detection using chest X‐rays[J]. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol, 2021, 65(5): 498-517. doi: 10.1111/1754-9485.13273 .
doi: 10.1111/1754-9485.13273 |
| [34] |
SHOWKATIAN E, SALEHI M, GHAFFARI H, et al. Deep learning-based automatic detection of tuberculosis disease in chest X-ray images[J]. Pol J Radiol, 2022, 87(1): 118-124. doi: 10.5114/pjr.2022.113435 .
doi: 10.5114/pjr.2022.113435 |
| [35] |
HEO S J, KIM Y, YUN S, et al. Deep learning algorithms with demographic information help to detect tuberculosis in chest radiographs in annual workers' health examination data[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019, 16(2): 250. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16020250 .
doi: 10.3390/ijerph16020250 |
| [36] |
EANG M T, SATHA P, YADAV R P, et al. Early detection of tuberculosis through community-based active case finding in Cambodia[J]. BMC Public Health, 2012, 12(1): 469. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-469 .
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-469 |
| [37] |
STORY A, ALDRIDGE R W, ABUBAKAR I, et al. Active case finding for pulmonary tuberculosis using mobile digital chest radiography: An observational study[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2012, 16(11): 1461-1467. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0773 .
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0773 |
| [38] |
PARK S, SUNG C, CHOI H, et al. Comparison of active tuberculosis case finding strategies for immigrants in South Korea: Epidemiology and cost-effectiveness analysis[J]. PLoS One, 2023, 18(4): e0283414. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283414 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283414 |
| [39] |
MAHLER B, DE VRIES G, VAN HEST R, et al. Use of targeted mobile X-ray screening and computer-aided detection software to identify tuberculosis among high-risk groups in Romania: Descriptive results of the E-DETECT TB active case-finding project[J]. BMJ Open, 2021, 11(8): e045289. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045289 .
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045289 |
| [40] |
WALI A, SAFDAR N, MANAIR R, et al. Early TB case detection by community-based mobile X-ray screening and Xpert testing in Balochistan[J]. Public Health Action, 2021, 11(4): 174-179. doi: 10.5588/pha.21.0032 .
doi: 10.5588/pha.21.0032 |
| [41] |
ZAIDI S M A, JAMAL W Z, MERGENTHALER C, et al. A spatial analysis of TB cases and abnormal X-rays detected through active case-finding in Karachi, Pakistan[J]. Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1): 1336. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28014-1 .
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28014-1 |
| [42] |
PORMOHAMMAD A, NASIRI M J, MCHUGH T D, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests for tuberculous meningitis[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2019, 57(6): e01113-18. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01113-18 .
doi: 10.1128/JCM.01113-18 |
| [43] |
LARAQUE F, GRIGGS A, SLOPEN M, et al. Performance of nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of tuberculosis in a large urban setting[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2009, 49(1): 46-54. doi: 10.1086/599376 .
doi: 10.1086/599376 |
| [44] |
WANG W H, TAKEUCHI R, JAIN S H, et al. A novel, rapid (within hours) culture-free diagnostic method for detecting live Mycobacterium tuberculosis with high sensitivity[J]. EBioMedicine, 2020, 60: 103007. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102940 .
doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102940 |
| [45] |
来元春. 结核病实验室检测技术研究进展[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2024, 46(z1): 322-324. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2024.z1.101
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2024.z1.101 |
| [46] |
FARHAT M, GREENAWAY C, PAI M, et al. What is the absolute effect of BCG and nontuberculous mycobacteria[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung D, 2006, 10(11): 1192-1204. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.06.0183 .
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.06.0183 |
| [47] |
GAO L, JIN Q. Differences in BCG vaccination and tuberculin skin-test positivity reply[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2015, 15(9): 1003-1005. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00177-X .
doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00177-X |
| [48] |
中华医学会结核病学分会. 结核分枝杆菌γ-干扰素释放试验及临床应用专家意见(2021年版)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2022, 45(2) : 143-150. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20211110-00794 .
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20211110-00794 |
| [49] |
NIYONGABO B, HIRA S. Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of EC-test for latent tuberculosis infection in ambulatory people with HIV[J]. Aids, 2023, 37(12): 1899-1900. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003669 .
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003669 |
| [50] |
MATOGA M M, BISSON G P, GUPTA A, et al. Urine lipoarabinomannan testing in adults with advanced human immunodeficiency virus in a trial of empiric tuberculosis therapy[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2021, 73(4): e870-e877. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1632 .
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1632 |
| [51] |
PEREIRA G R, BARBOSA M S, SECCHI C, et al. Lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay for tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-positive inpatients and outpatients[J]. J Bras Pneumol, 2025, 51(4): e20250152. doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20250152 .
doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20250152 |
| [52] |
CORREIA-NEVES M, FRÖBERG G, KORSHUN L, et al. Biomarkers for tuberculosis: The case for lipoarabinomannan[J]. ERJ Open Res, 2019, 5(1). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00012-2019 .
doi: 10.1183/23120541.00012-2019 |
| [53] |
World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 3: Diagnosis-rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis detection[M]. World Health Organization, 2024. doi:10.2471/b09341
doi: 10.2471/b09341 |
| [54] |
HORNE D J, ZIFODYA J S, SHAPIRO A E, et al. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults and adolescents[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2025 (7). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009593.pub5 .
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009593.pub5 |
| [55] |
MONIS P T, GIGLIO S. Nucleic acid amplification-based techniques for pathogen detection and identification[J]. Infect Genet Evol, 2006, 6(1): 2-12. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2005.01.002 .
doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2005.01.002 |
| [56] |
JOON D, NIMESH M, SALUJA D. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification as alternative to PCR for the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2015, 19(8): 986-991. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0035 .
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0035 |
| [57] |
ACHARYA B, ACHARYA A, GAUTAM S, et al. Advances in diagnosis of Tuberculosis: An update into molecular diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [J]. Mol Biol Rep, 2020, 47(5): 4065-4075. doi: 10.1007/s11033-020-05313-0 .
doi: 10.1007/s11033-020-05313-0 |
| [58] |
WANG X W, PAPPOE F, HUANG Y, et al. Xpert MTB/RIF Assay for Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance in Children: A Meta-Analysis[J]. Clin Lab, 2015, 61(11): 1775-1785. doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2015.150302 .
doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2015.150302 |
| [59] |
ABAYNEH M, TERESSA M. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene Xpert-MTB/RIF assay among tuberculosis suspected patients at Mizan-Tepi university teaching hospital, southwest Ethiopia: An institution based cross-sectional study[J]. PLoS One, 2022, 17(11): e0277536. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277536 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277536 |
| [60] |
SHAPIRO A E, ROSS J M, YAO M, et al. Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert Ultra assays for screening for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults, irrespective of signs or symptoms[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2021 (3). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013593.pub2 .
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013593.pub2 |
| [61] |
VOTINTSEVA A A, BRADLEY P, PANKHURST L, et al. Same-day diagnostic and surveillance data for tuberculosis via whole-genome sequencing of direct respiratory samples[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2017, 55(5): 1285-1298. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02483-16 .
doi: 10.1128/JCM.02483-16 |
| [62] |
AMLEROVA J, BITAR I, HRABAK J. Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing[J]. Folia Microbiol (Praha), 2018, 63(5): 537-545. doi: 10.1007/s12223-018-0598-z .
doi: 10.1007/s12223-018-0598-z |
| [63] |
ZHOU X, WU H, RUAN Q, et al. Clinical evaluation of diagnosis efficacy of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection via metagenomic next-generation sequencing of direct clinical samples[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2019, 9: 351. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00351 .
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00351 |
| [64] |
KO D H, LEE E J, LEE S K, et al. Application of next-generation sequencing to detect variants of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Genotype-phenotype correlation[J]. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 2019, 18(1): 2. doi: 10.1186/s12941-018-0299-0 .
doi: 10.1186/s12941-018-0299-0 |
| [65] |
HART P C, RAJAB I M, ALEBRAHEEM M, et al. C-reactive protein and cancer—diagnostic and therapeutic insights[J]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 595835. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595835 .
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595835 |
| [66] |
JAYAKUMAR A, VITTINGHOFF E, SEGAL M R, et al. Serum biomarkers of treatment response within a randomized clinical trial for pulmonary tuberculosis[J]. Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2015, 95(4): 415-420. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.05.007 .
doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.05.007 |
| [67] |
STEFANESCU S, COCOᶊ R, TURCU-STIOLICA A, et al. Prediction of treatment outcome with inflammatory biomarkers after 2 months of therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: Preliminary results[J]. Pathogens, 2021, 10(7): 789. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10070789 .
doi: 10.3390/pathogens10070789 |
| [68] |
CICCACCI F, FLORIDIA M, BERNARDINI R, et al. Plasma levels of CRP, neopterin and IP-10 in HIV-infected individuals with and without pulmonary tuberculosis[J]. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis, 2019, 16: 100107. doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2019.100107 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2019.100107 |
| [69] |
CAI R, YU F, TAO Z, et al. Routinely detected indicators in plasma have a predictive effect on the identification of HIV-infected patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial and tuberculous infections[J]. Infect Dis Poverty, 2017, 6(1): 132. doi: 10.1186/s40249-017-0342-0 .
doi: 10.1186/s40249-017-0342-0 |
| [70] |
CUDAHY P G T, WARREN J L, COHEN T, et al. Trends in C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and fibrinogen during therapy for HIV-associated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2018, 99(5): 1336. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0318 .
doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0318 |
| [71] |
MOHD HANAFIAH K, GARCIA M L, ANDERSON D A. An observational case-control study to determine human immunodeficiency virus and host factor influence on biomarker distribution and serodiagnostic potential in adult pulmonary tuberculosis[J]. Trop Med Infect Dis, 2019, 4(2): 57. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020057 .
doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020057 |
| [72] |
TENFORDE M W, GUPTE N, DOWDY D W, et al. C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are associated with risk of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(2): e0117424. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117424 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117424 |
| [73] |
SAMUELS T H A, WYSS R, ONGARELLO S, et al. Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of laboratory-based c-reactive protein as a triage test for active pulmonary tuberculosis[J]. PloS one, 2021, 16(7): e0254002. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254002 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254002 |
| [74] |
MWEBE S Z, YOON C, ASEGE L, et al. Impact of hematocrit on point-of-care C-reactive protein-based tuberculosis screening among people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in Uganda[J]. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2021, 99(3): 115281. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115281 .
doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115281 |
| [75] |
LAWN S D, KERKHOFF A D, VOGT M, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum C-reactive protein for screening for HIV-associated tuberculosis[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2013, 17(5). doi: 10.5588/ijtld. 12.0811 .
doi: 10.5588/ijtld. 12.0811 |
| [76] |
WILSON D, MOOSA M Y S, COHEN T, et al. Evaluation of tuberculosis treatment response with serial C-reactive protein measurements[J]. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2018, 5(11): ofy253. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofy253 .
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofy253 |
| [77] |
YOON C, CHAISSON L H, PATEL S M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein for active pulmonary tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2017, 21(9): 1013. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0913 .
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0913 |
| [78] |
MECA A D, TURCU-STIOLICA A, BOGDAN M, et al. Screening performance of C-reactive protein for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients: A systematic review with a meta-analysis[J]. Front Immunol, 2022, 13: 891201. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891201 .
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891201 |
| [79] |
YOON C, DAVIS J L, HUANG L, et al. Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing to facilitate implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy for people living with HIV[J]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2014, 65(5): 551-556. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000 000140 .
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000 000140 |
| [80] |
World Health Organization. WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 5: Management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents[M]. World Health Organization, 2022. doi:10.2471/b09117
doi: 10.2471/b09117 |
| [81] |
FLORIDIA M, CICCACCI F, ANDREOTTI M, et al. Tuberculosis case finding with combined rapid point-of-care assays (Xpert MTB/RIF and Determine TB LAM) in HIV-positive individuals starting antiretroviral therapy in Mozambique[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2017, 65(11): 1878-1883. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix606 .
doi: 10.1093/cid/cix606 |
| [82] |
WANG Y, HE Y, WANG L, et al. Diagnostic yield of nucleic acid amplification tests in oral samples for pulmonary tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2023, 10(3): ofad082. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad082 .
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad082 |
| [83] |
SERRA-PLADEVALL J, CABALLERO E, ROIG G, et al. Comparison between conventional culture and NAATs for the microbiological diagnosis in gonococcal infection[J]. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2015, 83(4): 341-343. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.07.020 .
doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.07.020 |
| [84] |
RAJ A, BALIGA S, SHENOY M S, et al. Validity of a CB-NAAT assay in diagnosing tuberculosis in comparison to culture: A study from an urban area of South India[J]. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis, 2020, 21: 100198. doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2020.100198 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2020.100198 |
| [85] |
NEMA V. Tuberculosis diagnostics: Challenges and opportunities[J]. Lung India, 2012, 29(3): 259-266. doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.99102 .
doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.99102 |
| [86] |
VAN’T HOOG A H, ONOZAKI I, LONNROTH K. Choosing algorithms for TB screening: A modelling study to compare yield, predictive value and diagnostic burden[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2014, 14(1): 532. doi: 10.1186/s12879-014-0532-2 .
doi: 10.1186/s12879-014-0532-2 |
| [87] |
VONASEK B, NESS T, TAKWOINGI Y, et al. Screening tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis in children[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2021, 6(6): Cd013693. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013693.pub2 .
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013693.pub2 |
| [88] |
World Health Organization. WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 3: Diagnosis[M]. World Health Organization, 2025. doi:10.2471/b09403
doi: 10.2471/b09403 |
| [89] | World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services, 2019[M]. World Health Organization, 2018. |
| [90] | World Health Organization. The use of lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay (LF-LAM) for the diagnosis and screening of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV: Policy guidance[M]. World Health Organization, 2015. |
| [91] |
CHURCH E C, STEINGART K R, CANGELOSI G A, et al. Oral swabs with a rapid molecular diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and children: A systematic review[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2024, 12(1): e45-e54. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00469-2 .
doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00469-2 |
| [92] |
沈鑫, 沈银忠, 刘二勇, 等. 结核分枝杆菌和人类免疫缺陷病毒感染双向筛查技术应用专家共识[J]. 上海预防医学, 2024, 36(4): 327-336. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2024.23523 .
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2024.23523 |
| [93] | World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2024[M]. World Health Organization, 2024. |
| [94] |
SAVAGE H R, RICKMAN H M, BURKE R M, et al. Accuracy of upper respiratory tract samples to diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet Microbe, 2023, 4(10): e811-e821. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00199-4 .
doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00199-4 |
| [95] |
ZHANG F, WANG Y, ZHANG X, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of oral swab for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2024, 10: 1278716. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1278716 .
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1278716 |
| [96] |
WANG Y, CUI J, LI Y, et al. Rapid quantitative PCR on tongue swabs for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: A prospective multicentre study[J]. Eur Respir J, 2025, 65(1): 2401493. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02414-2024 .
doi: 10.1183/13993003.02414-2024 |
| [97] |
WANG Y, MA Z, LIU Z, et al. Tongue swab-based molecular diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis and drug resistance in adults: A prospective multicenter diagnostic accuracy study[J]. J Infect, 2025, 91(1): 106517. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106517 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106517 |
| [98] |
何纳. 中国艾滋病流行病学研究新进展[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2021, 25(12): 1365-1368. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.12.001 .
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.12.001 |
| [99] |
HAMADA Y, LUJAN J, SCHENKEL K, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of WHO's recommended four-symptom screening rule for tuberculosis in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet HIV, 2018, 5(9): e515-e523. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30137-1 .
doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30137-1 |
| [100] |
DHANA A, HAMADA Y, KENGNE A P, et al. Tuberculosis screening among ambulatory people living with HIV: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2022, 22(4): 507-518. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00387-9 .
doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00387-9 |
| [101] |
MARTINEZ L, CORDS O, HORSBURGH C R, et al. The risk of tuberculosis in children after close exposure: A systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis[J]. Lancet, 2020, 395(10228): 973-984. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30166-5 .
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30166-5 |
| [102] |
李乐, 周子豪, 吴群红, 等. HIV感染者/AIDS患者中结核病检出率的meta分析[J]. 职业与健康, 2019, 35(24): 3437-3441. doi: 10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2019.0918 .
doi: 10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2019.0918 |
| [103] |
GUPTA-WRIGHT A, CORBETT E L, VAN OOSTERHOUT J J, et al. Rapid urine-based screening for tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients admitted to hospital in Africa (STAMP): A pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2018, 392(10144): 292-301. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31267-4 .
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31267-4 |
| [104] |
VELEN K, SHINGDE R V, HO J, et al. The effectiveness of contact investigation among contacts of tuberculosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Eur Respir J, 2021, 58(6): 2100266. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00266-2021 .
doi: 10.1183/13993003.00266-2021 |
| [105] |
张家泳, 丛守婧, 王涛, 等. 中国肺结核患者家庭密切接触者活动性肺结核检出情况的Meta分析[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2016 (10): 862-868. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2016.10.015 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2016.10.015 |
| [106] |
CAVANY S M, SUMNER T, VYNNYCKY E, et al. An evaluation of tuberculosis contact investigations against national standards[J]. Thorax, 2017, 72(8): 736-745. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209970 .
doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209970 |
| [107] |
刘庆萍. 肺结核患者家庭密切接触者筛查策略比较研究[J]. 医学信息, 2022, 35(z2): 75-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2022.z2.026 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2022.z2.026 |
| [108] |
PARK S Y, HAN S, KIM Y M, et al. Risk of active tuberculosis development in contacts exposed to infectious tuberculosis in congregate settings in Korea[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 1306. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58248-2 .
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58248-2 |
| [109] |
王延莉, 高志东, 张亚楠, 等. 从密切接触者管理看结核感染预防性治疗与结核病控制策略[J]. 首都公共卫生, 2022, 16(1): 1-3. doi: 10.16760/j.cnki.sdggws.2022.01.001 .
doi: 10.16760/j.cnki.sdggws.2022.01.001 |
| [110] |
郭鹏, 李岩, 单芬, 等. 菌阳肺结核患者密切接触者的感染筛查、预防性治疗及发病情况研究[J]. 中国医药指南, 2023, 21(16): 9-12. doi: 10.15912/j.cnki.gocm.2023.16.046 .
doi: 10.15912/j.cnki.gocm.2023.16.046 |
| [111] |
沈鑫, 肖筱, 白丽琼, 等. 《学校肺结核患者密切接触者筛查及处置规范》解读[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2020, 42(9): 990-991. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.09.019 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2020.09.019 |
| [112] | 中国防痨协会. 学校肺结核患者密切接触者筛查及处置规范: T/ [S]. 2020. |
| [113] |
国家呼吸内科医疗质量控制中心, 中华医学会结核病学分会, 中国防痨协会结核病控制专业分会, 等. 综合医疗机构肺结核早期发现临床实践指南[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2024, 46 (2): 127-140. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230428 .
doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230428 |
| [114] |
国家呼吸内科医疗质量控制中心, 中华医学会结核病学分会, 中国防痨协会结核病控制专业分会, 等. 结核分枝杆菌感染检测技术应用专家共识[J]. 结核与肺部疾病杂志, 2025, 6(4): 365-381. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230428 .
doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230428 |
| [115] |
HUANG Z, SONG Z, ZENG J, et al. Sensitive pathogen DNA detection by a multi-guide RNA Cas12a assay favoring trans-versus cis-cleavage[J]. Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1): 8257. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-62963-9 .
doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-62963-9 |
| [116] | Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health: Final report of the commission on social determinants of health[M]. World Health Organization, 2008. |
| [117] |
HARGREAVES J R, BOCCIA D, EVANS C A, et al. The social determinants of tuberculosis: From evidence to action[J]. American journal of public health, 2011, 101(4): 654-662. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300209 .
doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300209 |
| [118] |
TELISINGHE L, SHAWENO D, HAYES R J, et al. The effect of systematic screening of the general population on TB case notification rates[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2021, 25(12): 964-973. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0136 .
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0136 |
| [119] |
BARBOZA C E G, WINTER D H, SEISCENTO M, et al. Tuberculosis and silicosis: Epidemiology, diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis[J]. J Bras Pneumol, 2008, 34: 959-966. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37132008001100011 .
doi: 10.1590/S1806-37132008001100011 |
| [120] |
CORBETT E L, CHURCHYARD G J, CLAYTON T C, et al. HIV infection and silicosis: The impact of two potent risk factors on the incidence of mycobacterial disease in South African miners[J]. Aids, 2000, 14(17): 2759-2768. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200011100-00016 .
doi: 10.1097/00002030-200011100-00016 |
| [121] |
CHURCHYARD G J, EHRLICH R, TEWATERNAUDE J M, et al. Silicosis prevalence and exposure-response relations in South African goldminers[J]. Occup Environ Med, 2004, 61(10): 811-816. doi: 10.1136/oem.2003.010967 .
doi: 10.1136/oem.2003.010967 |
| [122] |
CHURCHYARD G J, KLEINSCHMIDT I, CORBETT E L, et al. Factors associated with an increased case-fatality rate in HIV-infected and non-infected South African gold miners with pulmonary tuberculosis[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2000, 4(8): 705-712. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.00.0668 .
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.00.0668 |
| [123] |
MUÑOZ P, RODRÍGUEZ C, BOUZA E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in recipients of solid organ transplants[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2005, 40(4): 581-587. doi: 10.1086/427701 .
doi: 10.1086/427701 |
| [124] |
CHIA S, KARIM M, ELWOOD R K, et al. Risk of tuberculosis in dialysis patients: A population-based study[J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 1998, 2(12): 989-991. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.98.0498 .
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.98.0498 |
| [125] |
SARTORI N S, PICON P, PAPKE A, et al. A population-based study of tuberculosis incidence among rheumatic disease patients under anti-TNF treatment[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(12): e0224963. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224963 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224963 |
| [126] |
VEGA V, RODRÍGUEZ S, VAN DER STUYFT P, et al. Recurrent TB: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence rates and the proportions of relapses and reinfections[J]. Thorax, 2021, 76(5): 494-502. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215601 .
doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215601 |
| [127] |
VERVER S, WARREN R M, BEYERS N, et al. Rate of reinfection tuberculosis after successful treatment is higher than rate of new tuberculosis[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2005, 171(12): 1430-1435. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200408-1041OC .
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200408-1041OC |
| [128] |
张灿有, 陈彬, 叶建君, 等. 中国重点人群肺结核患病与发病调查分析[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2021, 43(12): 1260-1268. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.12.006 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.12.006 |
| [129] | 王黎霞, 成诗明, 陈明亭, 等. 2010年全国第五次结核病流行病学抽样调查报告[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2012, 34(8): 485-508. |
| [130] |
LIU J, ZHOU Y, GUAN J, et al. Global burden of tuberculosis among adults aged 60 years and older, 1990-2021: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2021[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2025, 158: 107966. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107966 .
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107966 |
| [131] |
张灿有, 夏愔愔, 陈卉, 等. 基于社区的老年人肺结核主动筛查:一项基于多中心队列研究的策略与效果分析[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2025, 47(7): 846-854. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250032 .
doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250032 |
| [132] |
秦雪玲, 陈丽, 孙晓英, 等. 老年人肺结核主动筛查及影响因素分析[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2025, 47(3): 355-361. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240457 .
doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240457 |
| [133] |
中华医学会结核病学分会. 老年肺结核诊断与治疗专家共识(2023版)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2023, 46(11): 1068-1084. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20230921-00182 .
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20230921-00182 |
| [134] |
ABBARA A, COLLIN S M, KON O M, et al. Time to diagnosis of tuberculosis is greater in older patients: A retrospective cohort review[J]. ERJ Open Res, 2019, 5(4): 00228-2018. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00228-2018 .
doi: 10.1183/23120541.00228-2018 |
| [135] |
ZHOU Y, WANG F, CHEN S, et al. The asymptomatic tuberculosis proportion among the elderly population: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMC Public Health, 2024, 24(1): 3551. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21034-8 .
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21034-8 |
| [136] |
王炜, 郝晓刚, 祝平. 浙江省衢州市农村老年人大规模主动筛查发现的肺结核病例特征分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2021, 36(12): 1308-1311. doi: 10.3784/jbjc.202101270049 .
doi: 10.3784/jbjc.202101270049 |
| [137] |
张慧, 成君, 于艳玲, 等. 基于社区的重点人群肺结核主动发现干预效果评价:多中心前瞻性队列研究[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2021, 43(12): 1248-1259. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.12.005 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.12.005 |
| [138] |
孙丹雨辰, 刘宇红. 老年人群中开展结核病主动发现的研究进展[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2025, 47(1): 96-101. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240419 .
doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240419 |
| [139] |
CODLIN A J, MONYRATH C, KY M, et al. Results from a roving, active case finding initiative to improve tuberculosis detection among older people in rural Cambodia using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and chest X-ray[J]. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis, 2018, 13: 22-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2018.06.002 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2018.06.002 |
| [140] |
董裕, 逄宇. 重视无痰患者肺结核诊断发掘舌拭子替代潜能[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2023, 45(12): 1131-1133. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230379 .
doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230379 |
| [141] |
WOOD R C, LUABEYA A K, DRAGOVICH R B, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of tongue swab testing on two automated tuberculosis diagnostic platforms, Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Molbio Truenat MTB Ultima[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2024, 62(4): e00019-24. doi: 10.1128/jcm.00019-24 .
doi: 10.1128/jcm.00019-24 |
| [142] |
竺婷婷, 刘芳, 江咏梅. 基于CRISPR/Cas系统的检测技术在老年感染性疾病常见病原体中的研究进展[J]. 遵义医科大学学报, 2024, 47(9): 926-934. doi: 10.14169/j.cnki.zunyixuebao.2024.0122 .
doi: 10.14169/j.cnki.zunyixuebao.2024.0122 |
| [143] |
李晓蓉, 庞学文. 社区糖尿病患者结核病筛查的可行性分析[J]. 华西医学, 2021, 36(10): 1465-1468. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201912227 .
doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201912227 |
| [144] |
DOOLEY K E, CHAISSON R E. Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: Convergence of two epidemics[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2009, 9(12): 737-746. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70282-3 .
doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70282-3 |
| [145] |
LI L, LIN Y, MI F, et al. Screening of patients with tuberculosis for diabetes mellitus in China[J]. Trop Med Int Health, 2012, 17(10): 1294-1301. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03047.x .
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03047.x |
| [146] |
LIN Y, INNES A, XU L, et al. Screening of patients with Diabetes Mellitus for Tuberculosis in Community Health Settings in China[J]. Trop Med Int Health, 2015, 20(8): 1073-1080. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12516 .
doi: 10.1111/tmi.12516 |
| [147] | 中国防痨协会. 糖尿病患者肺结核筛查规范: T/ [S]. 2021. |
| [148] |
竺丽梅. 关于完善我国糖尿病患者肺结核筛查政策的思考[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2024, 46(3): 267-271. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230436 .
doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20230436 |
| [149] |
毛毅, 范琳, 刘勇. 肺结核并发糖尿病的诊治研究进展[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2019, 41(12): 1325-1329. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2019.12.015 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2019.12.015 |
| [150] |
沈琴琴, 李运葵, 田洪瑞, 等. 2022—2024年南充市入学新生结核病体检情况分析[J]. 预防医学情报杂志, 2025, 41(10): 1276-1283+1324. doi: 10.19971/j.cnki.1006-4028.250859N .
doi: 10.19971/j.cnki.1006-4028.250859N |
| [151] | 国家卫生健康委, 教育部. 关于印发中国学校结核病防控指南的通知: 国卫办疾控函〔2020〕910号[EB/OL]. (2020-10-16) [2026-03-06]. |
| [152] |
谢添, 王萌, 彭小梅, 等. 赣州市学校结核病疫情肺结核患者接触者结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2025, 47(12): 1566-1572. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250282 .
doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20250282 |
| [153] |
罗兴能, 刘雄娥, 李廷荣. 精神病医院结核病防控工作现状与对策[J]. 中国民康医学, 2015, 27(18): 77-80. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0369.2015.18.046 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0369.2015.18.046 |
| [154] |
杨玲花, 朱倩芸, 梅红彬. 精神病医院患者肺结核感染的调查与治疗研究[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2015, 25(6): 1341-1343. doi:10.11816/cn.ni.2015-141012
doi: 10.11816/cn.ni.2015-141012 |
| [155] |
汤瑜奂. 一起社会福利院内肺结核疫情的流行病学调查[J]. 中国乡村医药, 2025, 32(9): 67-68. doi: 10.19542/j.cnki.1006-5180.2409-104 .
doi: 10.19542/j.cnki.1006-5180.2409-104 |
| [156] | 高雨龙. 工矿企业结核病防治在结核病控制规划中的作用分析[C]//中国防痨协会结核病控制专业委员会.中国防痨协会结核病控制专业委员会学术研讨会论文集.内蒙古自治区结核病防治研究所, 2008: 89. |
| [157] | 中国防痨协会. 监管场所肺结核筛查指南: T/ [S]. 2023. |
| [158] | World Health Organization. High-priority target product profiles for new tuberculosis diagnostics: Report of a consensus meeting[J]. WHO Meet Rep, 2014: 1-98. |
| [159] |
LUABEYA A K, WOOD R C, SHENJE J, et al. Noninvasive detection of tuberculosis by oral swab analysis[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2019, 57(3): e01847-18. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01847-18 .
doi: 10.1128/JCM.01847-18 |
| [160] |
LIMA F, SANTOS A S, OLIVEIRA R D, et al. Oral swab testing by Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra for mass tuberculosis screening in prisons[J]. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis, 2020, 19: 100148. doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2019.100148 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2019.100148 |
| [161] |
DOS SANTOS P C P, SILVA SANTOS A DA, DE OLIVEIRA R D, et al. Pooling sputum samples for efficient mass tuberculosis screening in prisons[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2022, 74(12): 2115-2121. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab662 .
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab662 |
| [162] |
MARKS G B, NGUYEN N V, NGUYEN P T B, et al. Community-wide screening for tuberculosis in a high-prevalence setting[J]. N Engl J Med, 2019, 381(14): 1347-1357. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1902129 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1902129 |
| [163] |
HOUBEN R M G J, MENZIES N A, SUMNER T, et al. Feasibility of achieving the 2025 WHO global tuberculosis targets in South Africa, China, and India: A combined analysis of 11 mathematical models[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2016, 4(11): e806-e815. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30262-6 .
doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30262-6 |
| [164] |
BURKE R M, NLIWASA M, FEASEY H R A, et al. Community-based active case-finding interventions for tuberculosis: A systematic review[J]. Lancet Public Health, 2021, 6(5): e283-e299. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00033-3 .
doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00033-3 |
| [165] |
ZHAO F, ZHANG C, YANG C, et al. Comparison of yield and relative costs of different screening algorithms for tuberculosis in active case-finding: A cross-section study[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2021, 21(1): 813. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06492-2 .
doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06492-2 |
| [166] |
LAWN S D, NICOL M P. Xpert® MTB/RIF assay: Development, evaluation and implementation of a new rapid molecular diagnostic for tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance[J]. Future Microbiol, 2011, 6(9): 1067-1082. doi: 10.2217/fmb.11.84 .
doi: 10.2217/fmb.11.84 |
| [167] |
BOEHME C C, NICOL M P, NABETA P, et al. Feasibility, diagnostic accuracy, and effectiveness of decentralised use of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistance: A multicentre implementation study[J]. Lancet, 2011, 377(9776): 1495-1505. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60438-8 .
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60438-8 |
| [168] | 卫生部. 医疗卫生机构肺结核病人报告、转诊和追踪实施办法: 卫办疾控发〔2006〕224号[EB/OL]. (2006-12-25)[2026-03-06]. . |
| [169] |
THERON G, VENTER R, SMITH L, et al. False-positive Xpert MTB/RIF results in retested patients with previous tuberculosis: Frequency, profile, and prospective clinical outcomes[J]. J Clinical Microbiol, 2018, 56(3):e01696-17. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01696-17 .
doi: 10.1128/JCM.01696-17 |
| [170] |
JIN X, HU Q, LI Y, et al. Intensive reprocessing of reusable bronchoscopes can reduce the false positive rate of Xpert MTB/RIF caused by nucleic acid residue[J]. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis, 2024, 37: 100476. doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100476 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100476 |
| [171] | World Health Organization. What is DOTS?A guide to understanding the WHO-recommended TB control strategy known as DOTS[M]. World Health Organization, 1999. |
| [172] | World Health Organization. Guidelines on the management of latent tuberculosis infection[M]. World Health Organization, 2015. |
| [173] | World Health Organization. Latent tuberculosis infection: Updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management[M]. World Health Organization, 2018. |
| [174] |
马艳, 成诗明. 加速我国结核潜伏感染筛查与预防性治疗的建议 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023, 39(11): 1335-1341. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2023.11.003 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2023.11.003 |
| [175] |
陈伟, 李雪, 刘小秋, 等. 《全国结核病防治规划(2024—2030年)》解读[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2025, 47(2): 130-136. doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240585 .
doi: 10.19982/j.issn.1000-6621.20240585 |
| [176] |
姚嵩, 方雪晖. 《中国结核病预防控制工作技术规范(2020年版)》解读与思考[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2020, 18(3): 138-141+137. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2020.03.002 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2020.03.002 |
| [177] |
BI K, ZHAO Y, LU S, et al. Comments on the WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2024: Progress, Challenges and Innovations for Achieving End TB Strategy by 2035[J]. Infect Microb Dis, 2025, 7(1): 1-4. doi: 10.1097/IM9.0000000000000175 .
doi: 10.1097/IM9.0000000000000175 |
| [178] |
中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 肺结核诊断[J]. 传染病信息, 2017, 30(6): 12. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2017.06.001 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2017.06.001 |
| [179] |
吴惠忠, 周芳静, 廖庆华, 等.2 019年广东省连江口镇≥5岁常住人口肺结核主动筛查策略实施效果分析[J]. 中国防痨杂志, 2021, 43(10): 1032-1038. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.10.011 .
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6621.2021.10.011 |
| [180] | World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2025[M]. World Health Organization, 2025. |
| [181] | World Health Organization. Use of computer-aided detection software for tuberculosis screening: WHO policy statement[M]. World Health Organization, 2025. |
| [182] |
PATHRI RAHUL, SANNADI SASIDHAR R, TANDON SAMARTH, et al. “TimBre” Phase-II Pilot Study Conducted Using Multi-Country Longitudinal Training Data for Screening of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Cough (Acoustic Sounds), Clinical & Demographic Inputs. [J] J Pulm Res Rep, 2025(7): SRC/JPRR-207. doi: 10.29328/journal.jprr.1001052 .
doi: 10.29328/journal.jprr.1001052 |
| [183] |
GAEDDERT M, GLASER K, CHENDI B H, et al. Host blood protein biomarkers to screen for tuberculosis disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2024, 62(11): e00786-24. doi: 10.1128/jcm.00786-24 .
doi: 10.1128/jcm.00786-24 |
| [184] |
ZHENG L, FENG H. Respiratory virus mRNA vaccines: mRNA Design, clinical studies, and future challenges[J]. Animal Model Exp Med, 2025, 8(10): 1731-1740. doi: 10.1002/ame2.12552 .
doi: 10.1002/ame2.12552 |
| [185] |
QIN Z Z, SANDER M S, RAI B, et al. Using artificial intelligence to read chest radiographs for tuberculosis detection: A multi-site evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of three deep learning systems[J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 15000. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51503-3 .
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51503-3 |
| [1] | 邓默,贾米山,田彦卿,郑志清,王辉,韩娜. sTREM-1、PCT与MRP8/14对重症肺结核患者急性呼吸窘迫综合征的时序预测价值[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(22): 3552-3557. |
| [2] | 陈骑,张雅曦,张明霞,张洁云,杨倩婷. 结核特异性QFT⁃TB在结核患者不同类型标本中的检测价值[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(7): 1002-1005. |
| [3] | 盖林林,孙维策,褚锦锦,徐栋花. 活动性肺结核相关巨噬细胞M1/M2极化的改变及ESAT6对巨噬细胞极化的影响[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(20): 2867-2873. |
| [4] | 唐浩杰,杨子龙,俞朝贤,冯治宇,董海平,李祥,赵威,邝浩斌. 耐多药肺结核患者发生利奈唑胺相关神经系统不良反应风险预测模型的构建与评价[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(19): 2690-2695. |
| [5] | 桂静,王峰,杨慧,蔡于茂,洪创跃. 氧化型低密度脂蛋白对2型糖尿病合并肺结核患者的风险评估价值[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(14): 1995-2002. |
| [6] | 周文娣,林佳敏,琚岱晨,王琪,朱家楼,苏宁,胡锦兴. 肺癌合并肺结核的蛋白组学图谱及差异表达蛋白功能分析[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(13): 1814-1821. |
| [7] | 刘振宁 许蕴怡 胡丽环 刘志辉 胡锦兴 李华 关平. 患者外周血细胞分析和结核抗体检测在诊断肺结核中的临床价值[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023, 39(2): 262-266. |
| [8] | 谢贝,许婉华,龚兰,杨瑜,董海平,吴玲,孟繁荣,王楠,刘志辉,李华. 肺结核治疗过程中IL-6血清表达水平变化分析[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023, 39(19): 2434-2439. |
| [9] | 杨子龙 袁园, 汪敏, 陈玉梅, 冯治宇, 吴迪, 张宏, 陈泽莹, 黄显林, 邝浩斌, . 糖尿病与肺结核共病结核分枝杆菌耐药情况分析 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023, 39(11): 1359-1363. |
| [10] | 卓文基 张建辉 罗济伦 廖庆华 余美玲 杨伟凌 陈文翰 钟耐容 钟粤相 . 广东省英德市2010-2020年肺结核患者诊断 延误情况分析 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023, 39(11): 1364-1368. |
| [11] | 黄业伦 刘志辉 张院良 康晓明 林媛 吴碧彤 蔡杏珊. 初治肺结核患者与健康人群呼吸道细菌与真菌微生态比较 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(6): 685-690. |
| [12] | 黄业伦 刘志辉 张院良 康晓明 林媛 吴碧彤 蔡杏珊. 初治肺结核患者与健康人群呼吸道细菌与真菌微生态比较 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(6): 685-690. |
| [13] | 谢磊 梁雅雪 熊延军 王华. 耐多药肺结核患者3个月末痰菌阴转影响因素分析 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(6): 701-706. |
| [14] | 李华 许婉华 龚兰 谢贝 杨瑜 刘志辉 吴玲 孟繁荣 王楠 王琪 张言斌. 血清中相关细胞因子表达水平变化对 肺结核治疗效果的评估[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(17): 2203-2208. |
| [15] | 汪敏 邝浩斌 袁园 冯治宇 蔡晓婷 张宏 吴迪 陈泽莹 黄显林 谭守勇 . 二甲双胍降糖治疗2型糖尿病合并肺结核的临床特点 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(16): 2061-2065. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||

