关键词: 儿童, 变应性鼻炎, 特异性IgE, 吸入性过敏原, 食入性过敏原

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the types and distribution characteristics of common allergens among pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical data and the results of serum specific IgE （sIgE） tests for inhalant and food allergens of children diagnosed with allergic rhinitis at Yuexiu District Children’s Hospital of Guangzhou between August 2018 and April 2023. The differences in sIgE-positive rates among children were compared based on genders， ages， and residential areas. Results A total of 2197 children diagnosed with allergic rhinitis were incorporated into the analysis. Among inhalant allergens， the top three with the highest sIgE-positive rates were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae （house dust mites） （47.29%）， dog dander （14.52%）， and cat dander （10.79%）. Among food allergens， the top three with the highest sIgE-positive rates were cow′s milk （3.10%）， egg white/egg yolk （3.05%）， and shrimp （2.46%）. Male patients exhibited a significantly higher sIgE-positive rate for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae （house dust mites） compared to female patients （P < 0.05）， yet had a significantly lower sIgE-positive rate for dog dander （P < 0.05）. Patients residing in urban areas had significantly higher sIgE- positive rates for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae （house dust mites）， shrimp， and crab than those in rural areas （P < 0.05）. Conversely， their positive rates for cockroach， Penicillium notatum/Aspergillus fumigatus/Alternaria alternata， ragweed， cat dander， dog dander， and plane tree pollen were all significantly lower than those of rural patients （P < 0.05）. As age increased， the sIgE-positive rate for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae （house dust mites） gradually rose （P < 0.05）， while the positive rates for Penicillium notatum/Aspergillus fumigatus/Alternaria alternata and various food allergens declined （P < 0.05）. Conclusions Among pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou， the predominant inhalant allergen is the house dust mite， and the primary food allergen is cow′s milk. The number of patients affected by inhalant allergens is greater than that of those affected by food allergens. Moreover， the distribution of allergens differs among patients of different ages， genders， and residential areas.

Key words: children, allergic rhinitis, specific IgE, inhalant allergens, food allergens