实用医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 3405-3411.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.21.016

• 临床研究 • 上一篇    

双螨皮下免疫治疗时序疗法的3年疗效与安全性评估

李航1,2,杨晓媚1,2,吕雯1,2,陈慧敏1,2,徐睿1,2()   

  1. 1.中山大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科医院,耳鼻咽喉科,(广东 广州 510080 )
    2.中山大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科医院,变态反应科,(广东 广州 510080 )
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-07 出版日期:2025-11-10 发布日期:2025-11-13
  • 通讯作者: 徐睿 E-mail:xurui@mail.sysu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82101186);广东省自然科学基金项目(2022A1515012394);广州市基础与应用基础研究专题(青年博士“启航”项目)(2024A04J4630);中山大学附属第一医院“柯麟新星人才”项目(R08036)

Three⁃year evaluation of the efficacy and safety of chronotherapy in dual⁃allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy

Hang LI1,2,Xiaomei YANG1,2,Wen LYU1,2,Huimin CHEN1,2,Rui. XU1,2()   

  1. *.Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Department of Allergy,Otorhinolaryngology Hospital,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat?sen University,Guangzhou 510080,Guangdong,China
  • Received:2025-09-07 Online:2025-11-10 Published:2025-11-13
  • Contact: Rui. XU E-mail:xurui@mail.sysu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 探讨不同给药时间对双螨皮下免疫治疗(SCIT)对过敏性鼻炎(AR)患者的疗效与安全性。 方法 采用回顾性队列研究,纳入39例完成3年标准化双螨SCIT的尘螨过敏AR患者。根据患者自行选择并固定的注射时间,非随机地分为上午组(MD组,8:00—12:00,n = 19)和下午组(AD组,14:00—18:00,n = 20),并进一步按2 h间隔细分亚组。采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)评估治疗前后鼻部与眼部症状,同时记录所有不良反应。 结果 AD组在鼻痒症状的改善上显著优于MD组(中位数差值:-2 vs. 0,U = 118.5,P = 0.04,效应值r = 0.33)。在喷嚏、鼻塞、流涕及总分的改善上,AD组也显示出更优趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。按2 h间隔细分的亚组中,16:00—18:00亚组症状改善优于8:00—10:00亚组,但差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。两组在总不良反应率、局部及全身不良反应率上均差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),未发生中重度全身反应。 结论 下午(尤其是16:00—18:00)进行双螨SCIT显示出改善鼻部症状的潜力且未增加安全风险。给药时间或为优化SCIT提供新的研究方向。

关键词: 皮下免疫治疗, 时序疗法, 过敏性鼻炎, 疗效, 不良反应

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effects of different administration times on the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy using dual mite extracts in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods This study was designed as a retrospective cohort analysis. Thirty-nine mite-sensitized AR patients who completed three years of standardized dual-mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) were included. Based on self-selected and consistently maintained injection schedules, patients were non-randomly assigned to either a morning dosing group (MD group, 8:00—12:00, n = 19) or an afternoon dosing group (AD group, 14:00—18:00, n = 20), with further subgroup stratification conducted at 2-hour intervals. Nasal and ocular symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment using the visual analog scale (VAS), and all adverse reactions were systematically recorded. Results The AD group exhibited significantly greater improvement in nasal itching compared to the MD group (median difference: -2 vs. 0, U = 118.5, P = 0.04, effect size r = 0.33). The AD group also demonstrated favorable trends toward improved sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and total VAS score, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. In the subgroup analysis by 2-hour intervals, the 16:00—18:00 subgroup showed greater symptom relief than the 8:00—10:00 subgroup, though the difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the incidence of total, local, or systemic adverse reactions (P > 0.05), and no moderate or severe systemic adverse events occurred. Conclusions This preliminary retrospective analysis indicates that afternoon administration of dual-mite SCIT, particularly between 16:00 and 18:00, may enhance the improvement of nasal symptoms without elevating safety concerns. The timing of SCIT administration could therefore represent a promising avenue for treatment optimization.

Key words: subcutaneous immunotherapy, chronotherapy, allergic rhinitis, efficacy, side effect

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