实用医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (20): 3220-3227.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.20.011

• 临床研究 • 上一篇    

腰椎椎弓根螺钉位置不佳与术后神经症状的相关性分析

万文1,陈炜城1,2,陈伟文1,3,张宁4,杜浏学1,3,陈江伟1,3,周荣平1,3,刘志礼1,3,黄山虎1,3,刘家明1,3()   

  1. 1.南昌大学第一附属医院,骨科,(江西 南昌 330006 )
    4.南昌大学第一附属医院,影像科,(江西 南昌 330006 )
    2.南昌大学第一临床医学院 (江西 南昌 330100 )
    3.脊柱脊髓系统疾病江西省重点实验室 (江西 南昌 330006 )
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 刘家明 E-mail:liujiamingdr@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    江西省重点研发计划项目(20223BBG71S02)

Correlation between poor position of lumbar pedicle screws and postoperative neurological symptoms

Wen WAN1,Weicheng CHEN1,2,Weiwen CHEN1,3,Ning ZHANG4,Liuxue DU1,3,Jiangwei CHEN1,3,Rongping ZHOU1,3,Zhili LIU1,3,Shanhu HUANG1,3,Jiaming. LIU1,3()   

  1. *.Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330006,Jiangxi,China
  • Received:2025-06-09 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-05
  • Contact: Jiaming. LIU E-mail:liujiamingdr@hotmail.com

摘要:

目的 分析腰椎内固定术后椎弓根螺钉位置不佳与术后神经症状发生的相关性。 方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2023年12月因腰椎退行性疾病在我院接受腰椎椎弓根螺钉内固定手术患者的临床资料。记录患者的性别、年龄、主要诊断、手术节段、术后即刻有无神经并发症及其类型。根据患者术后腰椎CT评估螺钉位置及穿透分区和分级,分析不同椎弓根螺钉穿透分型与术后神经症状发生的相关性。 结果 共纳入184例患者,其中男80例,女104例。年龄(60.1 ± 14.2)岁。35例患者术后即刻因椎弓根螺钉穿透产生了新的神经症状。椎弓根内侧象限和下方象限螺钉穿透导致术后神经症状发生率高于椎弓根上方和外侧象限螺钉穿透。从L1 ~ L5节段,椎弓根内侧象限螺钉穿透致术后神经症状产生的风险逐渐增加。L4和L5节段的椎弓根内侧象限螺钉穿透距离≥ 2 mm时,患者术后神经症状产生的风险增加;L1 ~ L3节段的椎弓根内侧象限螺钉穿透距离> 4 mm时,患者术后神经症状产生的风险增加。螺钉穿透椎弓根内侧象限的距离与术后患者产生神经症状的发生率呈正相关(P < 0.05)。 结论 椎弓根的外侧和上方象限可被视为腰椎椎弓根螺钉植入的安全区域。对于L1 ~ L3节段,螺钉穿透深度不应超过4 mm;而对于L4 ~ L5节段,其安全阈值应严格控制于2 mm以内。

关键词: 腰椎, 椎弓根螺钉, 神经症状, 螺钉位置不佳

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the correlation between the poor position of pedicle screw after lumbar internal fixation and the occurrence of postoperative neurological symptoms. Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent lumbar pedicle screw surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Record the patient's sex, age, diagnosis, surgical segment, the presence of postoperative neurological complications, the types of neurological complications. According to the postoperative CT, the screw penetration zone and grade were evaluated, and the distribution of different pedicle screw penetration types was recorded. The correlation between different types of pedicle screw penetration and postoperative neurological symptoms was analyzed. Results A total of 184 patients were included, including 80 males and 104 females. Age ranged from 18 to 82 years, with an average of 60.1 ± 14.2 years. 35 patients developed new neurological symptoms after operation. The incidence of postoperative neurological symptoms caused by pedicle medial quadrant screw penetration and lower quadrant screw penetration was higher than that of pedicle superior quadrant and lateral quadrant screw penetration. From L1 to L5, the risk of postoperative neurological symptoms caused by screw penetration in the medial quadrant of the pedicle increases gradually. When the penetration distance of pedicle medial quadrant screws in L4 and L5 segments is ≥ 2mm, the risk of postoperative neurological symptoms is high. When the penetration distance of pedicle medial quadrant screws in L1, L2 and L3 segments is greater than 4mm, the risk of postoperative neurological symptoms is high. The distance of pedicle screw penetrating the medial quadrant of pedicle was positively correlated with the incidence of postoperative neurological symptoms (P < 0.05). Conclusion The lateral and superior quadrants of the pedicle may be regarded as safety zones for lumbar pedicle screw placement. For the L1 ~ L3 segments, screw penetration depth should not exceed 4 mm; whereas for the L4 ~ L5 segments, the safety threshold must be strictly controlled within 2 mm.

Key words: lumbar spine, pedicle screws, neurological symptoms, screw malposition

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