实用医学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (15): 2194-2198.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.15.026

• 综述 • 上一篇    

肥大细胞来源的外泌体在支气管哮喘中的研究进展

许姣1,张旻2,谢国钢2()   

  1. 1.常州市武进人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科 (江苏 常州 213017 )
    2.上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科 (上海 200080 )
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-25 出版日期:2024-08-10 发布日期:2024-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 谢国钢 E-mail:freeman811@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82370033)

Research progress of mast cell⁃derived exosomes in bronchial asthma

Jiao XU1,Min ZHANG2,Guogang. XIE2()   

  1. *.Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital,Changzhou 213017,China
  • Received:2024-02-25 Online:2024-08-10 Published:2024-07-30
  • Contact: Guogang. XIE E-mail:freeman811@163.com

摘要:

肥大细胞衍生的外泌体携带泛肥大细胞标记物IgE免疫球蛋白高亲和受体(FcεRI)和SCF受体c-kit,富含鞘磷脂、脂质相关蛋白,可装载MHC-II分子,能将功能性mRNA和miRNA转移到受体CD34+祖细胞和肥大细胞。活化的肥大细胞来源的外泌体含有大量的功能性肥大细胞特异性介质,而且可能在大小、蛋白质、脂质以及RNA和DNA含量上有所不同。肥大细胞外泌体可募集B细胞和T细胞到肺中发挥作用,具有调节免疫功能,诱导其他哮喘相关细胞的启动和激活的潜能。与气道平滑肌细胞相互作用并诱导其释放促炎细胞因子,使哮喘症状持续存在。存在于肥大细胞衍生的外泌体上的免疫复合物(IgE和抗原)通过自我放大机制加剧局部过敏反应,可将抗原传递给其他免疫细胞。肥大细胞来源的外泌体可能是治疗支气管哮喘的潜在靶点,其提纯和优化改良尚需进一步研究。本文将对来源于肥大细胞的外泌体在支气管哮喘发病机制方面的研究进行综述,为支气管哮喘的防治提供新思路。

关键词: 外泌体, 肥大细胞, 支气管哮喘

Abstract:

Carrying the pan-mast cell markers IgE immunoglobulin high-affinity receptor (FcεRI) and SCF receptor c-kit, mast cell-derived exosomes are rich in sphingomyelin, lipid-associated proteins, and loaded with MHC-II molecules and transfer functional mRNAs and miRNAs to the receptor of CD34+ progenitor cells and mast cells. Activated mast cell-derived exosomes contain a large number of functional mast cell-specific mediators and may vary in size, protein, lipid, RNA and DNA contents. Mast cell exosomes can recruit B cells and T cells to the lungs, regulating immune and inducing the activation of other asthma-related cells. Also, mast cell-derived exosomes interact with airway smooth muscle cells and induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, allowing asthma symptoms to persist. Immune complexes (IgE and antigens) present on mast cell-derived exosomes exacerbate local allergic reactions by a self-amplification mechanism meanwhile deliver antigens to other immune cells. Mast cell-derived exosomes may be potential targets for the treatment of bronchial asthma, and their purification and optimization be needed further to research. This article will review the mechanism of mast cell-derived exosomes in bronchial asthma, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma.

Key words: exosomes, mast cells, bronchial asthma

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