实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1579-1585.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.09.012

• 慢性病防治专栏 • 上一篇    

多模态人工智能在阿尔茨海默病早期诊断中的应用:现状、挑战与临床转化路径

仇晓蕊,张译丹,杨国锋()   

  1. 河北医科大学第二医院老年病科 (河北 石家庄 050000 )
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-24 出版日期:2026-05-10 发布日期:2026-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 杨国锋 E-mail:gf_yang71@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82471453)

Applications of multimodal artificial intelligence in early Alzheimer's diagnosis: A review of current trends, obstacles, and clinical translational strategies

Xiaorui QIU,Yidan ZHANG,Guofeng YANG()   

  1. Department of Geriatrics,the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050000,Hebei,China
  • Received:2025-11-24 Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-04-29
  • Contact: Guofeng YANG E-mail:gf_yang71@163.com

摘要:

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD)是一种中枢神经系统退行性疾病,目前治疗手段有限,其早期诊断对于延缓病程发展至关重要。然而,传统诊断方法在早期或不典型病例中仍存在主观性强、准确性不足等局限性。在此背景下,本文旨在探讨多模态人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)在AD早期诊断中的应用、挑战与临床转化路径。通过整合神经影像、生物标志物、临床评估等多维度数据,多模态AI能够挖掘深层的疾病模式,为AD的早期识别与鉴别提供了更敏感、更客观的新工具。然而,AD病理机制的复杂性、数据的异质性以及模型可解释性不足等问题,仍制约着AI技术的临床转化。未来需进一步推动多学科合作,深化可解释性研究,并探索其与临床工作流程的有效融合,从而最终实现AD的精准诊疗目标。

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 早期诊断, 多模态人工智能, 机器学习, 深度学习, 临床转化

Abstract:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with currently limited therapeutic options. Early diagnosis is pivotal for delaying disease progression; however, traditional diagnostic methods remain constrained by significant subjectivity and insufficient accuracy, particularly in early-stage or atypical cases. Against this backdrop, this review explores the applications, challenges, and clinical translation pathways of multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) in the early diagnosis of AD. By integrating multidimensional data-including neuroimaging, biomarkers, and clinical assessments-multimodal AI can uncover latent disease patterns, offering a novel, highly sensitive, and objective tool for the early identification and differential diagnosis of AD. Nevertheless, several barriers hinder its clinical translation, including the complexity of AD pathophysiology, data heterogeneity, and the lack of model interpretability. Future efforts must prioritize multidisciplinary collaboration, advance research into explainable AI, and facilitate seamless integration into clinical workflows. Ultimately, these strides will pave the way for precision diagnosis and personalized treatment of AD.

Key words: Alzheimer's disease, early diagnosis, multimodal artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, clinical translation

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