With the increase of economy and the development of society，the average life expectancy of China has increased rapidly for the past few decades. And，for the increasing proportion of elderly population， China has gradually entered an aging society. The highly increased elderly population has brought heavy economic burden and the need of medical care. As most of the elders have chronic non⁃communicable diseases，like hyperten⁃ sion，diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，et al，which impaired the function of the target organs and need long⁃term follow⁃up，seriously affects the quality of life and even threatens their lives. Therefore， the elders，as a vulnerable group，need more protection. Especially during the current global pandemic of COVID⁃19， on the one hand，the elders are susceptible to new coronaviruses，especially those with chronic diseases are more likely to develop to serious；on the other hand，elderly groups living in social collective pension and nursing institu⁃ tions have higher requirements for infection diseases prevention and control. Therefore，understanding the current number of elderly people，and the proportion of people combined with chronic non ⁃communicable diseases，will help to protect them from getting infection of COVID⁃19. This article will review the risks and protection of chronic non⁃communicable diseases among the elderly population during the COVID⁃19 epidemic in China.

Coronavirus Disease 2019（COVID⁃19）is caused by the new coronavirus SARS⁃CoV⁃2 and is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response. SARS ⁃CoV ⁃2 can trigger coagulopathy and thrombosis in patients with covid ⁃ 19. In severe cases，50% of the patients had coagulopathy. Up to 40% of patients still have deep vein thrombosis（DVT）and pulmonary embolism（PTE）. Low molecular weight heparin（LMWH）is recom⁃ mended as prophylactic anticoagulant therapy，Besides the Anticoagulant effect of LMWH，nonanticoagulant prop⁃ erties such as the reduction in interleukin 6 release and increasing the number of Limba cells，it can delay or block the inflammatory“cytokine storm”

Liver is the biggest and the most important metabolic organ in human body. Hepatic ischemia⁃ reperfusion injury，fatty liver，cirrhosis，hepatic fibrosis，hepatic peroxidation injury and hepatic drug injury are common liver injury diseases. Stem cells are cells with the potential to self⁃renew and develop into many different cell types. Liver stem cells can be divided into hepatogenic stem cells and extrahepatic stem cells. In the treatment of liver injury，stem cells can repair liver injury through stem cells homing，transdifferentiation and direct differen⁃ tiation，paracrine effect，immune regulation，exosomes and other mechanisms. In the clinical treatment of liver injury，stem cells can play a role directly or indirectly through exosomes indirectly. In addition to repairing liver injury，stem cells⁃derived exosomes can also be used as molecular biomarkers for liver disease diagnosis and prog⁃ nosis monitoring and to assess the toxicity of drugs as well as adverse drug reactions.

Objective To explore the impact of propofol preconditioning on cognitive function in septic rats. Methods 48 SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group，cecal ligation and perforation（CLP）group， low⁃dose propofol preconditioning group，and high⁃dose group. The sepsis model was established by CLP method. For propofol pretreatment，high ⁃ and low ⁃dose of propofol was continuously pumped 10 minutes before establish⁃ ment of the rat model. Morris water maze experiment was used to detect changes in rat's cognitive function. Plasma was collected 48 hours after the operation to detect the content of inflammatory factors. The degree of pathological damage in rat brain tissue was analyzed. Then，mRNA and protein levels of the frontal cortex and hippocampus CA1 area were detected by RT ⁃ PCR and Western blot，and malondialdehyde（MDA），superoxide dismutase （SOD）and reactive oxygen species（ROS）were analyzed by ELISA. Results As compared with Sham group， cognitive function was significantly impaired in CLP group，expression levels of serum inflammatory factors were significantly increased，and neurons of the frontal cortex and hippocampal CA1 area were seriously damaged. Expression levels of IL⁃1β，IL⁃6，TNF⁃α，MDA and ROS were increased significantly，while activity of SOD was decreased. Conclusions Propofol preconditioning alleviates brain cognitive dysfunction caused by sepsis，whose mechanism may be related with its anti⁃inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Objective To investigate the effect of deoxyschizandrin on the proliferation，migration and invasion of prostate cancer bone metastasis PC⁃3 cells，and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods CCK⁃8 was used to detect the effect of deoxyschizandrin on proliferation of PC⁃3 cells. Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of deoxyschizandrin on migration and invasion of PC⁃3 cells. qRT⁃PCR was used to detect the effect of deoxyschizandrin on mRNA expression of miR ⁃505⁃3p and TGF ⁃β signaling pathway related genes. Western blot was used to detect the effect of deoxyschizandrin on expression of TGF⁃β signaling pathway related proteins. After the nude mouse xenograft model was constructed，the tumor was weighed，and miR⁃505⁃3p expression in tumor tissue was detected by qRT⁃PCR，and the expression of SMAD2 and SMAD3 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The IC50 of deoxyschiza on PC⁃3 cells for 48 h was 15.74 μmol/L. Deoxyschizandrin inhibited the prolif⁃ eration，migration and invasion of PC⁃3 cells. Deoxyschizandrin upregulated miR⁃505⁃3p expression，and inhibited the mRNA expression of SMAD2，SMAD3，and downstream target genes of TGF⁃β signaling pathway（including IL ⁃11，PTHRP and CTGF）. Knockdown of miR⁃505⁃3p reversed the inhibitory effects of deoxyschizandrin on PC⁃3 cells proliferation，migration and invasion. Deoxyschizandrin significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft model. Deoxyschizandrin upregulated miR⁃505⁃3p expression and repressed SMAD2 and SMAD3 proteins expression in tumor tissues. Conclusion Deoxyschizandrin can upregulate miR ⁃ 505⁃3p，which targets SMAD2 and SMAD3 to inhibit the proliferation，migration and invasion of PC⁃3 cells by way of suppressing the activation of TGF⁃β signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the effects of interleukin 38（IL⁃38）on the formation of atherosclerosis and their and mechanisms in ApoE-/- mice by constructing an atherosclerosis model. Methods 6⁃week⁃old male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into two groups. They were fed with Western⁃style diets for 15 weeks. The mice in the control group were injected intraperitoneally with phosphate buffered solution and so were those in the model group injected with exogenous recombinant IL⁃38. After administration，the plaque areas were detected by oil red O. The plaque stability was observed；Th1，Th17，and Treg and M2 ratio in the spleen，plasma levels of IFN⁃γ， IL⁃17，IL⁃10 and TGF⁃β，and serum levels of TC and TG were detected. Results As compared with the control group，the plaque areas in aortic sinus and entire aorta in the rIL⁃38 group were significantly reduced（P < 0.01） and collagen fibers and smooth muscle cells in the plaque increased significantly（P < 0.05），while CD4+ T cells， macrophages，MMP⁃2，and MMP⁃9 were significantly reduced（P < 0.05）；the splenic ratio of Th1 to Th17 cells in the rIL⁃38 group was significantly reduced；M2 and Treg were significantly increased；plasma levels of IFN⁃γ and IL⁃17 decreased but levels of IL⁃10 and TGF⁃βincreased（P < 0.05）. Conclusions Exogenous rIL⁃38 can inhibit the process of atherosclerosis and promote the stability of plaque.

Objective To investigate the effect of neuregulin 1/transforming growth factor β1（NRG ⁃1/ TGF⁃β1）on the cytoskeleton of vascular smooth muscle. Methods Blood vessel tissues of mice were taken，and the changes of cell contractile function after NRG ⁃ 1 intervention were analyzed by immunofluorescence method， and the expression of NRG⁃1/TGF⁃β1 was analyzed by phalloidin and immunofluorescence co⁃localization，and the GST fusion protein was used for sedimentation. Technical detection and analysis of the co⁃location of NRG⁃1⁃ICD and α⁃actin（α⁃SMA）were performed. Results TGF⁃β1 could up⁃regulate the expression of NRG⁃1 in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the smooth muscle cell marker protein α⁃SMA and NRG⁃1 were co⁃located；RT⁃PCR and Western blot found that NRG⁃1 mRNA expression existed in rat smooth muscle cells，human smooth muscle cells and human endothelial cells. Conclusion TGF⁃β1 can up⁃regu⁃ late the expression of NRG⁃1 at the transcription and translation levels；in cell contraction，TGF⁃β1 can promote the expression of α⁃SMA and NRG⁃1⁃ICD.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of iRoot BP Plus and mineral trioxide aggregate （MTA）for apical barrier of permanent teeth in adults. Methods Ninety ⁃ eight permanent teeth of 62 adults with periapical periodontitis and open apex were randomly divided into two groups with 49 teeth in each group. iRoot BP Plus and MTA were used as root canal sealants in the treatment group and the control group respectively. The clinical effects of the two groups were evaluated and analyzed at month6 ，12 and 24 after operation. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups at month6，12 and 24 after operation，but the operation time of the treatment group was significantly shorter than that of the control group. Conclusion As a root canal sealer for apical barrier surgery，iRoot BP Plus is similar to MTA in clinical efficacy，but better for operation.

Objective The purpose of this study was to detect methylation level of two sites（cg01623438， cg02744249）in Cathepsin Z gene（CTSZ）promoter and their correlation with asthma control and pulmonary func⁃ tion，and to detect the diagnostic value in adult asthma patients. Methods 30 asthma patients in our hospital were selected as asthma group，and they were divided into three groups according to Asthma Control Test Score. Mean⁃ while，30 healthy adults matched with gender and age were selected as control group. We detected the methylation levels of the two sites in nasal epithelium cells ，and the correlation analysis was performed between methylation level and lung function. Meanwhile，ROC curve analysis was used to show the asthma ⁃ predictive value. Results Both sites in asthma patients were hypomethylated，and the methylation level increased gradually in poorly controlled group，well controlled group and completely controlled group. The changes were also negatively related to the chang⁃ es of lung function. ROC curve analysis showed that，the AUC（area under the curve）of the site cg01623438 was 0.806（95%CI：0.683～0.896），the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 50%，P < 0.000 1；as the site g02744249，the AUC was 0.749（95%CI：0.620～0.852），the sensitivity was 43.3% and specificity was 100%（P = 0.000 1）；the combination of these two sites shows that the AUC was 0.827（95%CI：0.707～0.912），the sensitivity was 66.7% and specificity was 83.3%（P = 0.000 1）. Conclusion The methylation level of CTSZ promoter was significantly different in asthma patients，and it was related to asthma control and lung function. It can be used as an objective bio⁃marker to the assistance of asthma diagnosis and a reflection of the changes of lung function.

Objective Comparison of the clinical curative effects of the Hippocratic method and the wrist⁃ clamping and shoulder ⁃ lifting method to reduction the primary acute anterior acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Methods 130 patients with anterior shoulder dislocation who were admitted to the joint surgery department from February 2017 to February 2020 in our hospital were taken as the research objects. According to different treatment methods，they were randomly divided into the wrist⁃clamping and shoulder⁃lifting group（78 cases）and the hand⁃ held foot pedaling group（52 cases），and compared the results of the two groups of reduction methods in shoulder joint pain VAS score，shoulder joint function JOA score，reduction success rate，reduction complications，clinical efficacy and shoulder joint function rehabilitation time. Results There was no significant difference in the efficacy of the shoulder joint pain VAS score，shoulder joint function JOA score，reduction complications，clinical efficacy and shoulder joint rehabilitation time between the two groups（P > 0.05）. The success rate of the first reduction in the wrist⁃clamping and shoulder⁃lifting group was greater than that of the Hippocratic group，and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. Conclusion The use of wrist⁃clamping and shoulder⁃lifting method to treat anterior shoulder dislocation is better than the traditional Hippocratic method in the first reduction success rate， short time，low power，and the patient feels less pain during the reduction process，and has the same effect as the Hippocratic method in terms of safety and shoulder joint functional rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the level of plasma lipoprotein phospholipase A2（Lp⁃PLA2）and its relationship with cognitive impairment in patients with white matter hyperintensity（WMH）. Methods A total of 97 patients with WMH were selected as case group（WMH group）. According to the MoCA scale，the WMH group was divided into cognitive impairment group（CI group）and non⁃cognitive impairment group（NCI group）. A group of 52 healthy subjects in the same period were selected as healthy control group（HC group）. The plasma Lp⁃PLA2 levels and MoCA scores of patients with WMH were compared with those of HC group. Plasma Lp⁃PLA2 level and MOCA score were analyzed by t⁃test. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of WMH with cognitive im⁃ pairment，and the relationship between LP⁃PLA2 and cognitive impairment was further analyzed.Results（1）The level of plasma Lp⁃PLA2 in the WMH group was significantly higher than that in the control group，and the MoCA score was significantly lower（P < 0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences between the CI and NCI groups in terms of gender，age，education level，drinking history，uric acid and high ⁃density lipoprotein，total cholesterol，glycerol（P > 0.05），but the differences were statistically significant in terms of history of hypertension， diabetes，smoking，fasting blood glucose，homocysteine，low⁃density lipoprotein cholesterol，and Lp⁃PLA2（P<0.05）. （2）Logistic regression showed that the four indexes of Fasting blood glucose，low⁃density lipoprotein，homocysteine and Lp⁃PLA2 were the risk factors of WMH with cognitive impairment（P<0.05）；（3）The two indicators of homocys⁃ teine，Lp⁃PLA2 had high diagnostic value for WMH with cognitive impairment（AUC=0.703，95%CI：0.508~0.973； AUC=0.751，95% CI：0.611~0.923）. The combined application value was higher（AUC=0.806，95% CI：0.677~ 0.960）. Conclusion WMH patients have higher plasma Lp⁃PLA2 levels. Increased plasma Lp⁃PLA2 levels may be a risk factor for WMH associated with cognitive impairment，and it also has a higher diagnostic and evaluation value.

Objective To investigate the effect of side⁃opening cannula（SOC）percutaneous vertebroplasty （PVP）in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures（OVCFs）. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 118 cases of thoracolumbar OVCF in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 was conducted. Patients were divided into SOC PVP group（SOC group），unilateral traditional PVP group（uFOC group）and bilateral traditional PVP group（bFOC group）. Bone cement leakage and distribution，clinical efficacy and prognostic indicators in the three groups were compared and statistically analyzed. Results The bone cement leakage rate in the SOC group was lower than that in the FOC group. The bone cement distribution score and the im⁃ provement rate of Cobb angle 6 months after the surgery were higher in SOC group and bFOC group than those in uFOC group. The incidence of refracture in SOC group and bFOC group was lower than that in uFOC group and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the improvement rate of Cobb angle 3 days after operation，VAS and ODI at each time point（P > 0.05）. Conclusion SOC PVP can achieve satisfactory surgical results for OVCFs and it has obvious advantages in improving bone cement distribution and reducing leakage rate.

Objective This study aimed to explore the effect of intraoperative different blood pressure management on early acute kidney injury in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods A total of 164 patients with elective major abdominal surgery were selected and randomly divided into two groups ： standardized management group（group S，n = 82，MAP was no less than 65 mmHg or 80% of the basic value） and individualized management group（group I，n = 82，MAP regulation was in the range of 90% ~ 110% of the basic value）. The concentration of serum creatinine and cystatin C before and after operation were observed and recorded. The incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury was calculated and the influence of different blood pressure management on early postoperative acute kidney injury were evaluated. The number of patient admitted to ICU after surgery，postoperative hospital stay and the death rate within 30 days after operation were recorded，and the effect of different blood pressure management on the prognosis of elderly patients was evaluated. Results Compared with the basic values，the concentrations of serum creatinine and cystatin C were increased in the early postoperative period in groups（P＜0.05）；Compared with group S，the concentrations of serum creatinine and cystatin C in group I decreased after surgery，the incidence of AKI in early post⁃operation decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with group S，the number of patient admitted to ICU after surgery and hospital stays were significantly reduced in group I（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Maintaining MAP within 90% ~ 110% of the basic value during surgery could reduce the incidence of early acute kidney injury in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum calcium combined with PCTc in the short⁃term prognosis of septic shock patients. Methods The patients of septic shock admitted to ICU were enrolled. The APACHE Ⅱ scores within 24 hours was collected after admission，the serum calcium and PCT0 h were collected at the time of admission. In addition，procalcitonin was collected 24 h after treatment（PCT24 h）and the 24 h PCTc was calculated. The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to the prognosis during ICU hospitalization. ROC curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of the above indicators for the short ⁃ term prognosis of septic shock patients. Results Compared to the survival group，PCT24 h was significantly higher in the death group（P < 0.05），the serum calcium and PCTc were lower in the death group（P < 0.05）. The level of serum calcium，PCTc and serum calcium combined with PCTc were significantly negatively correlated with the APACHEⅡ score，with the strongest correlation of serum calcium combined with PCTc（P < 0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed that the diagnostic value of serum calcium combined with PCTc was the largest. Conclusion Serum calcium and PCTc are effective prognostic indicator of ICU mortality during hospitalization for septic shock patients，and the combination of them has the higher evaluation value.

Objective To analyze the changes of glottic exposure classification and related factors in Pierre Robin sequence pediatric patients after mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Methods Ninety five pediatric patients with Pierre Robin sequence，scheduled for elective mandibular distraction osteogenesis under general anes⁃ thesia in our hospital from 2016 to 2019，were enrolled in this study. The results of Cormack Lehane classification and CT parameters of upper airway were compared before and after mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between CT measurement indexes and Cormack Lehane grading score. Results The Cormack Lehane score and the incidence of glottic exposure difficulty were decreased compared with that before mandibular distraction osteogenesis（P < 0.05），the length of D1，D2，D3，D4，D5， D6，D7，D8，D9，D10，D11 were increased（P < 0.05）；angle 1，angle 2 and angle 5 were increased；angle 3， angle 4 and angle 6 were decreased（P < 0.05）；airway cross⁃sectional area and palatopharyngeal cavity volume at the tip of epiglottis were increased（P < 0.05）. It was negatively correlated with Cormack Lehane classification. Conclusion Preoperative maxillofacial and upper airway CT can play an important role in the judgment of laryngo⁃ scope exposure classification in PRS patients. With the increase of airway cross⁃sectional area and velopharyngeal cavity volume，glottic exposure classification of infants with Pierre Robin sequence sign after mandibular distrac⁃ tion osteogenesis was significantly improved.

Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with failure of nasal high⁃flow nasal oxy⁃ gen therapy（HFNC）in hypoxic respiratory failure patients after non⁃cardiac surgery. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at Peking University People′s Hospital. The subjects included all patients who suffering hypoxic respiratory failure after non⁃cardiac surgery from January 2016 to December 2019. Clinical and laboratory parame⁃ ters use statistical methods to explore the risk factors involved in HFNC failure and establish an early warning model. Results A total of 133 patients were included. According to HFNC failure criteria，patients were divided into HFNC failure group（n = 40）and success group（n = 93）. Multivariate analysis showed that patient with temperature （T）> 37.3 ℃，high acute physiology and chronic health status score Ⅱ（APACHⅡ）score，cardiac troponinⅠ （TNI ）level before using HFNC，and low ROX（SpO2/FiO2/RR）< 8 at 1 hour after treatment were independent risk factors for HFNC failure；a regression model was established：Y = -2.158 + 1.882 × fever + 0.283 × APACHⅡ- 0.326 × ROX + 2.222 × TNI，the area under the ROC curve（AUC）of the model is 0.915（P < 0.01）. Conclusions Hypoxic respiratory failure patients after non⁃cardiac surgery fever，High APACHII score and TNI level at baseline are indicate a higher risk of HFNC failure. ROX is still lower after 1 h treatment an important indicator for further mechanical ventilation，the treatment strategy should be adjusted in time.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide（rhBNP）⁃Sacubitril/Valsartan in the sequential treatment of acute heart failure from admission to vulnerable period（3 months after onset）. Methods A total of 132 patients with acute heart failure（AHF）were selected during Jan. 2018 to Oct. 2019. They were randomly divided into conventional group（n = 46），rhBNP group（n = 45） and sequential group（n = 41）. The patients in the conventional group were given routine regimen，such as digitalis， diuretic，valsartan，and β⁃blocker during hospitalization. Those in the rhBNP group were treated with rhBNP for 3 ~ 5 days within 24 hours after admission on the basis of routine regimen and those in the sequential group were treated on the basis of rhBNP group while Sacubitril/Valsartan was added into the regimen after stopping administra⁃ tion of rhBNP. The three groups were compared in terms of the changes of cardiac function，renal function，incidence of hypotension，quality of life and heart failure re⁃admission. Results At discharge，there were statistical differenc⁃ es on the level of NT⁃proBNP among the 3 groups（P < 0.05）. The levels of the NT⁃proBNP in rhBNP group and sequential group decreased mostly. The incidence of hypotension was significantly different among the 3 groups（P < 0.05），the lowest in the conventional group. After 3⁃month follow⁃up，there was a statistical difference in the level of NT⁃proBNP among the 3 groups（P < 0.05），the lowest in the sequential group. There were significant differences in Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire（MLHFQ）scores among the 3 groups（P < 0.05）. There were signif⁃ icant differences in the number of heart failure re⁃admission cases among the 3 groups（P < 0.05），the least in the sequential group. Conclusion The sequential treatment with rhBNP ⁃ sacubitril/valsartan can improve cardiac function and quality of life，reduce the risk of re⁃admission within 3 months in patients with acute heart failure.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of fasudil in the treatment of refractory hypertension. Methods The Cochrane Library，Embase，PubMed，CNKI，VIP，China Biomedical Literature Database and Wanfang database were searched by computer to collect the clinical studies related to fasudil combined with nimodipine in the treatment of cerebral aneurysmal cerebral vasospasm from the establishment of the database to May 2020. According to the established standards，the collected literature was screened strictly，the bias risk assessment tool of Cochrane collaboration network was used for quality evaluation ，and Rev Man5.3 software was used for Meta analysis. Results Twelve studies with a total sample size of 1 146 people were included. According to the result of Meta⁃analysis：compared with the control group，the GCS score of the test group increased （P < 0.001），the Barthel index increased（P < 0.001），the NFI score decreased（P < 0.001），MCA increased （P < 0.001），the difference was statistically significant. In terms of safety，the incidence of cerebral infarction decreased（P < 0.001），but there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions（P = 0.38）. Conclusion Fasudil combined with nimodipine is effective in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm caused by cere⁃ bral aneurysm，and can effectively reduce the incidence of cerebral infarction.

Objective To evaluate the value of CTA in the diagnosis of anterior communicating artery aneurysms（ACoAA）and to analyze the relationship between ACoAA and the variation of horizontal segment of anterior cerebral artery. Methods 68 patients with ACoAA confirmed by DSA were selected as study group，all patients underwent CTA scan of the head and neck，the neck width and maximum diameter of ACoAA were mea⁃ sured on CTA and DSA images，and statistically compared，and 88 cases of cerebral vascular CTA images without intracranial aneurysms in the same period were taken as control group，and the relationship between the horizontal segment variation of anterior cerebral artery and ACoAA was compared between the two groups. Results The detection rate of ACoAA by CTA was 100%. There was no significant difference in the neck width and maximum diameter between CTA and DSA images（P > 0.05）. In the patients with ACoAA，the incidence of A1 segment variation of the anterior cerebral artery was significantly higher than that in the control group （P < 0.001）. Conclusion CTA can verify the existence of ACoAA and accurately measure the neck width and tumor size. There is a relationship between the occurrence of ACoAA and the variation of horizontal segment of the anterior cerebral artery，which provides an important reference for interventional therapy of ACoAA.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of umbilical cord blood Eotaxin level and explore the predictive significance of umbilical cord blood Eotaxin level in 42⁃day ⁃old infants eczema. Methods The umbilical cord blood was collected from 188 newborns. The level of Eotaxin in umbilical cord blood was determined by enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay（Elisa）. The birth status and family history of allergies were recorded. The infants were followed up for 42 days. Results The umbilical cord blood Eotaxin level in the family history of allergic disease group was significantly higher than that in the family without allergic disease group，and the umbilical cord blood Eotaxin level in the eczema group was significantly higher than that in the non⁃eczema group（P < 0.05）. According to logistic regression analysis，the high expression level of Eotaxin in umbilical cord blood and family history of allergy were important risk factors for infantile eczema. The area under ROC curve（AUC）of umbilical cord blood Eotaxin was 0.773（95%CI：0.704 ~ 0.841），the specificity was 52.9%，and the sensitivity was 88.8%. Conclusion The high expression level of Eotaxin in umbilical cord blood is an independent risk factor for infantile eczema. Umbilical Cord blood Eotaxin level can predict the occurrence of infantile eczema.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of FOXP3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC）and adjacent tissues. Methods EnVision immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression level of FOXP3 protein in 156 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 96 cases of adjacent tissue microarray. The relationships of FOXP3 expressions with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed，and the results were compared with TCGA database sample analysis results. Results The high expression rates of FOXP3 in the OSCC tissues and adjacent tissues were 57.69% and 20.83%，respectively and the difference the in expression rate was statistically significant between the groups（P < 0.000 1），which was consistent with the results from the TCGA database analysis. Its expression was significantly correlated with T staging（P = 0.003）and TNM staging（P = 0.020）. By Kaplan⁃Meier and COX regression analysis，the related factors affecting the prognosis were high expression of FOXP3（P = 0.012），T stage（P = 0.031），and TNM stage（P = 0.032）. By COX multiple factors analysis ，the independent factor affecting the prognosis was high expression of FOXP3（P = 0.009）. Conclusion The protein of FOXP3 is highly expressed in OSCC tissues and related to the poor prognosis of OSCC patients.

Alcoholic liver disease is one type of liver disorders caused by chronic heavy alcoholic drinking. It appears as fatty liver in the early stage，and then may develop fibrosis，cirrhosis，or even liver cancer. Recent⁃ ly，research on metabolomics for ALD has achieved some progress，applying to the studies on biomarkers and pathogenesis of ALD. In this paper，the research progress of metabolomics in ALD was reviewed to aim at providing reference for the prevention and treatment of it.

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy with poor prognosis，and it is a serious threat to human health. Imaging examination，serum carbohydrate antigen 19⁃9（CA19⁃9）and tissue biopsy have some limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.Circulating tumor DNA（ctDNA）is one of the newly emerging technologies for“liquid biopsy”. It has shown promising clinical application in the precise treatment of pancreatic cancer due to its simple ，non⁃invasive sampling and real⁃time monitoring of cancer burden. In the study ，we reviewed the application of ctDNA in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer，disease stratification，prediction of postoperative recurrence，longitudinal monitoring of treatment response，hoping to provide some references for scientific research and clinical practice.