Objective To investigate the role of Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B （GPNMB） in hypoxia-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition （EMT） in human chorionic trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells. Methods HTR-8/SVneo cells were cultured in vitro to investigate the effect of hypoxia on GPNMB expression. The cells were transfected with either a GPNMB overexpression plasmid （pcDNA3.1-GPNMB）， small interfering RNA targeting GPNMB （si-GPNMB-1/2）， or their respective negative controls （pcDNA3.1-NC or si-NC）， and were also treated with the autophagy agonist rapamycin （Rap）. The experimental groups were categorized as follows： Normoxia， Hypoxia， Normoxia/Hypoxia + si-NC or si-GPNMB， Normoxia/Hypoxia + pcDNA3.1-NC or pcDNA3.1-GPNMB， Normoxia/Hypoxia + Rap， and Hypoxia + Rap + pcDNA3.1-NC or pcDNA3.1-GPNMB. GPNMB expression levels were evaluated using qRT-PCR， Western blotting， and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of autophagy-related proteins （LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ， p62） and epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） markers （E-cadherin， N-cadherin） was analyzed by Western blotting. Cell migration and invasion capacities were assessed using wound healing and Transwell assays. Results Compared with the Normoxia group， the mRNA and protein levels of GPNMB were downregulated in the Hypoxia group. Additionally， the protein levels of p62 and N-cadherin were reduced， while LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ and E-cadherin expression levels were increased （P < 0.05）. Compared with the Hypoxia + si-NC group， the Hypoxia + si-GPNMB-2 group showed significantly decreased protein levels of p62 and N-cadherin， along with elevated levels of LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ and E-cadherin （P < 0.05）. Compared with the Hypoxia + pcDNA3.1-NC group， the Hypoxia + pcDNA3.1-GPNMB group exhibited opposite trends. Notably， compared with the Hypoxia group， the Hypoxia + Rap group showed increased LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ and E-cadherin levels， accompanied by reduced p62 and N-cadherin levels （P < 0.05）. However， compared with the Hypoxia + pcDNA3.1-GPNMB group， the Hypoxia + Rap + pcDNA3.1-GPNMB group attenuated the promoting effect of GPNMB overexpression on EMT in HTR-8/SVneo cells， as evidenced by decreased p62 and N-cadherin protein expression levels and increased LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ and E-cadherin protein expression levels （P < 0.05）. Conclusion In hypoxia-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells， GPNMB inhibits autophagy， promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition， and enhances cell migration and invasion.

Objective To investigate the expression of the circular RNA circ-PHC3 in cervical cancer tissues and its regulatory mechanisms in the proliferation， migration， and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Methods The expression levels of circ-PHC3 in cervical cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were analyzed using the GEO database. The correlation between circ-PHC3 expression and the clinical stage as well as prognosis of cervical cancer patients was also evaluated. The expression of circ-PHC3 in cervical cancer cell lines HCC94， C33A， HeLa， HCC1106， and SiHa was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. The cell line with the highest circ-PHC3 expression was selected for transfection with a circ-PHC3 inhibitor. The interaction between circ-PHC3 and miR-1179 was validated using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression levels of miR-1179 in transfected cells were further assessed by qRT-PCR. Functional assays， including colony formation， flow cytometry， wound healing， and Transwell assays， were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation， cell cycle progression， migration， and invasion， respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of key proteins associated with proliferation， migration， and invasion in circ-PHC3-modulated cells. Finally， in vivo experiments were carried out to investigate the impact of circ-PHC3 silencing on the growth and metastasis of cervical cancer cells in animal models. Results The expression level of circ-PHC3 in cervical cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues （P < 0.01）. Furthermore， circ-PHC3 expression was significantly associated with the clinical stage of cervical cancer （P < 0.01）. Patients with high circ-PHC3 expression exhibited a notably lower survival rate compared to those with low circ-PHC3 expression （P < 0.01）. In cervical cancer cell lines including HCC94， C33A， HeLa， HCC1106， and SiHa， circ-PHC3 expression was markedly upregulated （all P < 0.01）， with the highest expression observed in HCC1106 cells （P < 0.01）. Circ-PHC3 was found to directly interact with miR-1179 （P < 0.01）， and silencing circ-PHC3 significantly increased miR-1179 expression （P < 0.01）. Transfection of HCC1106 cells with a circ-PHC3 inhibitor significantly suppressed cell proliferation， migration， and invasion （all P < 0.01）， and induced cell cycle arrest （P < 0.01）； these effects were partially reversed by co-transfection with a miR-1179 inhibitor （all P < 0.05）. In HCC1106 cells with circ-PHC3 knockdown， the expression levels of key proteins associated with proliferation， migration， and invasion—Cyclin E， CDK2， MMP-9， and N-cadherin—were significantly reduced （all P < 0.01）， and this reduction was partially attenuated by miR-1179 inhibition （all P < 0.01）. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that circ-PHC3 knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis of HCC1106 cells （all P < 0.01）. Conclusions Circ-PHC3 is highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues， and its overexpression is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. Knockdown of circ-PHC3 upregulates the expression of miR-1179 and suppresses the proliferation， migration， and invasion of cervical cancer cells.

Objective By observing the effect of angiotensin Ⅱ in the locus coeruleus of the brain on high salt intake and the impact of losartan on this effect， this study explores effective implementation methods for salt restriction strategies. Methods Brain catheterization and microinjection were used to administer single microinjection of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus of rats， as well as combined microinjection of saline， Ang Ⅱ， and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor， AT1R antagonist losartan was used to observe the changes in the intake and water intake of hypertonic sodium chloride solution in rats with different sodium intake models； Single microinjection of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus of rats was performed to observe changes in water intake in water deprived rats， as well as changes in urine output， sodium excretion， horizontal and vertical activity in normal rats. Results Whether in rats treated with “water deprivation partial rehydration （WD-PR）” or in rats treated with “subcutaneous combined injection of furosemide （FURO） and Captopril （CAP） （FURO-CAP）”， microinjection of 0.1 ng， 1 ng， and 10 ng doses of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus caused a dose-dependent increase in 0.3 mol/L NaCl intake and water intake. However， pre injection of AT1R antagonist losartan at doses of 0.5 μ g， 5 μ g， and 50 μ g significantly inhibited the injection of 10 ng Ang Ⅱ into the same site in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in intake of 0.3 mol/L NaCl and water caused by it. Compared with injection of saline into the locus coeruleus， injection of 10.0ng dose of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus significantly increased the horizontal and vertical activity of rats， but had no significant effect on renal excretion. Conclusion Losartan can inhibit the high salt intake induced by Ang Ⅱ in the locus coeruleus of the brain， and can be used as an effective drug in the salt limiting strategy for controlling hypertension.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of Dendrobium nobile Lindl alkaloids（DNLA） on the proliferation， migration， and epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） of HLEB3 cells induced by TGF-β2. Methods HLEB3 cells were cultivated in vitro and classified into the control group （DZ）， the model group （TGF-β2）， and the treatment group （TGF-β2 + DNLA）. TGF-β2 induced the EMT process of HLEB3 cells. Changes in cell morphology were observed through an inverted microscope. Cell proliferation， apoptosis， and migration were detected by CCK-8 assay， scratch test， and Transwell assay. The total RNAs of the samples were extracted for transcriptome analysis. Bioinformatics processing was employed to obtain relevant information on gene expression differences at the transcriptional level， biological processes， and related signaling pathways. The Western blot （WB） technique was utilized to detect EMT-related proteins to elucidate the mechanism of action of DNLA on lens epithelial cells. Results The study revealed that 10 μg/ml DNLA was suitable for the growth of HLEB3 cells. After 48 hours of the scratch test， the migration rate of the TGF-β2 + DNLA group significantly decreased （P < 0.01）. The Transwell results indicated that the cell migration ability of the TGF-β2 + DNLA group was notably weakened （P < 0.05）. Through bioinformatics， it was discovered that the prevention and treatment of posterior capsular opacification （PCO） by DNLA might be associated with cell junctions， cytoskeleton construction， and fibronectin binding. The pathogenesis of PCO may be related to multiple signaling pathways， including the TGF-β signaling pathway， TNF signaling pathway， and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Simultaneously， DNLA could reduce the expression levels of FNI， Smad2/3， and α-SMA proteins and increase the expression of E-cadherin protein. This indicates that DNLA can alleviate abnormal proliferation， migration， and EMT of lens epithelial cells by enhancing intercellular adhesion junctions and weakening cell migration ability， thereby playing a role in preventing and treating posterior capsular opacification. Conclusions DNLA can significantly inhibit the abnormal proliferation and migration of HLEB3 cells， alleviate the EMT process induced by TGF-β2， and prevent and control the occurrence of posterior capsular opacification and other ocular diseases. The mechanism of action might be related to the intervention of the TGF-β/smad signaling pathway and fibrosis proteins such as ZO-1 and E-cadherin.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of Tubulin Beta 2A Class IIa （TUBB2A） in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to explore its roles in modulating malignant behavior of HCC cells under hypoxia. Methods The expression of TUBB2A in HCC tissues and its correlation with patient prognosis were analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program （TCGA） and validated by Real-time quantitative PCR （qPCR）. HepG2 and Hep3B cells were cultured under both normoxia and hypoxia， and followed by assessment of mRNA and protein levels of TUBB2A by qPCR and Western blot. Stable TUBB2A overexpressing and knockout cell models （HepG2 and Hep3B） were established using lentiviral infection technology. The biological function of TUBB2A in HCC cell proliferation， mobility， and invasion of HCC cells under hypoxia were assessed by CCK-8 assay， colony formation assay， and Transwell migration and invasion assays. Western blot was performed to examine the impact of TUBB2A on the expression of key glycolytic proteins， including glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1）， pyruvate kinase M2 （PKM2）， and lactate dehydrogenase A （LDHA） in HCC cells under hypoxia. Results TCGA analysis revealed that TUBB2A expression is highly upregulated in HCC tissues compared to that in adjacent tissues and TUBB2A expression is associated with poorer overall survival （P < 0.01）. The mRNA expression of TUBB2A in HCC tissues from 30 HCC patients was higher than that in corresponding adjacent tissues， and TUBB2A expression is positively associated with the Ⅰ and Ⅳ clinic stage and AFP level of HCC patients （P < 0.05）. Hypoxia significantly increased TUBB2A mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Functional studies demonstrated that TUBB2A overexpression under hypoxia enhanced HCC cells proliferation， mobility and invasion， as well as increased the expression of GLUT1、PKM2 and LDHA （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）. On the contrary， TUBB2A knockout under hypoxia showed opposite effects， suppressed these malignant phenotypes and downregulated glycolytic markers （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）. Conclusions TUBB2A is significantly overexpressed in HCC and it is closely associated with poor prognosis. Our findings demonstrated that TUBB2A promotes proliferation， migration， invasion and glycolysis in HCC cells under hypoxia， suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of HCC.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic total thyroidectomy performed via a combined transoral and submental approach in patients with thyroid cancer Methods This study enrolled 227 patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC） who underwent total thyroidectomy combined with unilateral central lymph node dissection at the Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery， the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University， between October 2019 and March 2024. Of these patients， 68 were treated using the fully endoscopic combined transoral and submental approach （endoscopic group）， whereas 159 underwent the conventional open anterior cervical approach （open group）. A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic outcomes between the two groups. Results Surgical procedures were successfully completed in both groups without complications， and no additional incisions were required in the endoscopic group. Compared with the open surgery group， the endoscopic group had a longer operative duration， reduced intraoperative blood loss， and greater total postoperative drainage volume. Furthermore， on the first postoperative day， patients in the endoscopic surgery group exhibited lower levels of serum calcium and intact parathyroid hormone （iPTH）. The incidence of temporary parathyroid dysfunction was significantly higher in the endoscopic group （51.47%） than in the open surgery group （30.82%）， and this difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding preoperative serum iPTH levels， preoperative serum calcium levels， number of dissected lymph nodes， incidence of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury， postoperative hemorrhage， incision infection， or submental sensory loss （P > 0.05）. Conclusions Compared with traditional open surgery， total thyroidectomy via TOETSMVA under full endoscopy demonstrates comparable efficacy and favorable long-term safety. However， it is associated with a higher risk of transient hypoparathyroidism in the short term， highlighting the necessity for enhanced intraoperative protection of the parathyroid glands.

Objective To investigate the effects of gut microbiota regulation combined with exercise rehabilitation on non-motor symptoms and neurological function in Parkinson's disease patients. Methods A total of 154 Parkinson's disease patients admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the subjects of the study. Using a random number table， these 154 patients were evenly divided into a control group and a treatment group， with 77 patients in each group. Both groups received standard treatments， but the control group also underwent exercise rehabilitation therapy， while the treatment group received probiotic supplementation and exercise rehabilitation therapy. The effectiveness of the two groups was then compared. Results Following the 12 weeks， 24 weeks therapeutic regimen， The treatment group showed significantly better outcomes （P < 0.05）.Clinically meaningful reductions were observed in Hoehn-Yahr staging， alongside decreased scores on standardized instruments assessing psychiatric symptoms HAMA， HAMD， SCOPA-AUT， UPDRS Ⅰ-IV and PDSS （P < 0.05）.Concurrently， the study group exhibited enhanced MMSE （P < 0.05）. Fecal microbiome analyses revealed a favorable ecological shift characterized by increased colonization of beneficial genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus， with concomitant suppression of pathobionts Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae.Gait analysis revealed increased step length， speed， and frequency in the treatment group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Patients with Parkinson's disease who received probiotics combined with exercise rehabilitation treatment could effectively improve non-motor symptoms and neurological function， while promoting the balance of intestinal flora， and reduce clinical symptoms.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of combined magnetic and electrical stimulation with an "intelligent exercise prescription" and novel matrix radiofrequency therapy in patients with pelvic organ prolapse （POP）. Methods A total of 158 patients with POP who received treatment at the Gynecological Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center of the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University between October 2022 and July 2025 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into an observation group （n = 64） and a control group （n = 94） based on their treatment plans. The control group underwent magnetic and electrical stimulation combined with an "intelligent exercise prescription" regimen. Specifically， patients received 10 sessions of electrical stimulation， 5 sessions of magnetic stimulation， and performed 15 ~ 20 minutes of daily home exercise training guided by the "intelligent exercise prescription." The observation group received， in addition to the aforementioned treatments， four sessions of novel matrix radiofrequency therapy. Changes in the muscle strength grades of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ pelvic floor muscles， Glazer surface electromyography （EMG） values， and POP-Q staging were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results After treatment， both groups demonstrated significant improvements in type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ muscle fiber strength compared to baseline （all P < 0.05）， with the observation group showing greater improvement in type Ⅰ muscle fiber strength than the control group （P < 0.05）. The muscle potential values of the observation group during rapid contraction， tense contraction， and endurance contraction stages were markedly increased compared to pre-treatment levels. Moreover， the muscle potential values during the pre-resting stage were significantly reduced after treatment （P < 0.05）. In the observation group， POP-Q grades of the anterior vaginal wall， uterus， and posterior vaginal wall were all significantly lower post-treatment than pre-treatment （all P < 0.05）. However， no statistically significant differences were observed between the observation group and the control group in these parameters （P > 0.05）. Both groups exhibited relatively high compliance rates （both ≥75.0%）， with no significant difference between them （P > 0.05）. The treatment cost for the observation group was significantly higher than that for the control group （P < 0.05）. Conclusions The combination of magneto-electrical stimulation， an "intelligent exercise prescription，" and novel matrix radiofrequency therapy can significantly improve pelvic floor muscle strength and muscle potential values in the short term， compared to pre-treatment levels. This integrated approach also effectively alleviates the prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall， uterus， and posterior vaginal wall. Furthermore， the combination of magnetic and electrical stimulation， "intelligent exercise prescription，" and matrix radiofrequency therapy demonstrates superior efficacy in enhancing type Ⅰ pelvic floor muscle fiber strength when compared to the combination of magnetic and electrical stimulation with "intelligent exercise prescription" alone. However， this treatment protocol entails a relatively high economic burden， and its clinical application should be carefully evaluated in consideration of patients’ functional needs and financial conditions.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum CXC chemokine ligand 1 （CXCL1） and positive regulatory zone zinc finger protein 5 （PRDM5） levels and lymph node metastasis of progressive gastric cancer and to analyze their predictive value for patients' prognosis. Methods 203 patients with progressive gastric cancer diagnosed in our hospital from June 2020 to March 2023 were selected and divided into the lymph node metastasis group （n = 90） and the no-lymph node metastasis group （n = 113） based on the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis， and the differences in the general information of the two groups were analyzed and compared， and the diagnostic value of CXCL1 and PRDM5 in lymph node metastasis of progressive gastric cancer was analyzed by plotting the ROC curve. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in patients with progressive gastric cancer. Follow up for 2 years， draw Kapan Meier curves to compare the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer lymph node metastasis at different levels of CXCL1 and PRDM5. Results The CXCL1 level in the lymph node metastasis group was higher than that in the no-lymph node metastasis group， and its PRDM5 level was lower than that in the no-lymph node metastasis group （P < 0.05）.The AUCs for diagnosing lymph node metastasis of progressed gastric cancer were 0.755 and 0.844 for CXCL1 and PRDM5， respectively， and the AUC for the combination of the two was 0.898 （95% CI 0.848 ~ 0.936）. The sensitivity and specificity were 88.89% and 77.88%， respectively （P < 0.05）.Tumor size， differentation degree， serum CEA， serum CA19-9， CXCL1， and PRDM5 levels were all risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with progressive gastric cancer （P < 0.05）. The survival time of patients with CXCL1 > 96.13 pg/mL is （15.13 ± 0.85） months， while the survival time of patients with CXCL1 ≤ 96.13 pg/mL is （19.06 ± 0.66） months. The survival time of patients with CXCL1 ≤ 96.13 pg/mL is longer than that of patients with CXCL1>96.13 pg/mL （P<0.05）. The survival time of patients with PRDM>100.85 pg/mL is （18.62 ± 0.69） months， while the survival time of patients with PRDM ≤ 100.85 pg/mL is （14.60 ± 0.78） months. The survival time of patients with PRDM>100.85 pg/mL is longer than that of patients with PRDM ≤ 100.85 pg/mL （P<0.05）. Conclusion The abnormal expression of CXCL1 and PRDM5 is related to lymph node metastasis in patients with progressive gastric cancer， and the combined detection of the two is of high value in the assessment of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients with progressive gastric cancer.

Objective This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and impact on masticatory function of lithium disilicate ceramic onlays fabricated using CAD/CAM technology versus conventional impression techniques for restoring pulpless posterior tooth defects. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted from February 2021 to February 2023， enrolling 104 patients requiring lithium disilicate ceramic onlay restoration for posterior teeth. Patients were randomized into two groups using a random number table： 52 patients in the study group received lithium disilicate ceramic onlays fabricated with CAD/CAM technology， and 52 patients in the control group received onlays fabricated via conventional impression. The two groups were compared in terms of gingival index， tooth mobility， plaque index， masticatory efficiency， patient satisfaction with aesthetics， and incidence of adverse reactions. Results After restoration， the study group showed lower scores of tooth mobility， gingival index， and plaque index than the control group （P < 0.05）. One year after restoration， the masticatory efficiency of the study group was higher than that of the control group （P < 0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 5.77%， which was significantly lower than 25.00% in the control group （P < 0.05）. The aesthetic satisfaction rate in the study group was 94.23%， which was significantly higher than that in the control group （P < 0.05）. Conclusions Compared with conventional impression techniques， CAD/CAM technology provides better restoration fit and masticatory efficiency， and improves patient satisfaction when restoring pulpless posterior tooth defects. These findings indicate that CAD/CAM technology has significant advantages in posterior tooth onlay restoration and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the poor position of pedicle screw after lumbar internal fixation and the occurrence of postoperative neurological symptoms. Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent lumbar pedicle screw surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Record the patient's sex， age， diagnosis， surgical segment， the presence of postoperative neurological complications， the types of neurological complications. According to the postoperative CT， the screw penetration zone and grade were evaluated， and the distribution of different pedicle screw penetration types was recorded. The correlation between different types of pedicle screw penetration and postoperative neurological symptoms was analyzed. Results A total of 184 patients were included， including 80 males and 104 females. Age ranged from 18 to 82 years， with an average of 60.1 ± 14.2 years. 35 patients developed new neurological symptoms after operation. The incidence of postoperative neurological symptoms caused by pedicle medial quadrant screw penetration and lower quadrant screw penetration was higher than that of pedicle superior quadrant and lateral quadrant screw penetration. From L1 to L5， the risk of postoperative neurological symptoms caused by screw penetration in the medial quadrant of the pedicle increases gradually. When the penetration distance of pedicle medial quadrant screws in L4 and L5 segments is ≥ 2mm， the risk of postoperative neurological symptoms is high. When the penetration distance of pedicle medial quadrant screws in L1， L2 and L3 segments is greater than 4mm， the risk of postoperative neurological symptoms is high. The distance of pedicle screw penetrating the medial quadrant of pedicle was positively correlated with the incidence of postoperative neurological symptoms （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The lateral and superior quadrants of the pedicle may be regarded as safety zones for lumbar pedicle screw placement. For the L1 ~ L3 segments， screw penetration depth should not exceed 4 mm； whereas for the L4 ~ L5 segments， the safety threshold must be strictly controlled within 2 mm.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing hyperdynamic circulation-related indicators in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 377 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis-associated ascites at the Third People's Hospital of Kunming between October 2022 and October 2024. Patients were categorized into grade 1， grade 2， and grade 3 ascites groups according to ascites severity grading. The general demographic characteristics and clinical parameters of the three groups were compared. Potential positive predictors were initially identified through univariate analyses， including Spearman correlation and non-parametric tests. Binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were subsequently employed to investigate the factors influencing high dynamic circulation-related indicators （heart rate ［HR］， E/A ratio， and left ventricular diastolic function ［LVDF］） in patients with cirrhosis-related ascites. Results Significant differences in the incidence of HR， the ratio of early to late diastolic filling velocities （E/A）， and LVDF were observed among different ascites groups （P < 0.05）. Age， ascites depth， serum chloride （Cl^-）， CO₂， red cell distribution width coefficient of variation （RDW-CV）， and etiology were identified as independent determinants of HR in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Age， white blood cell count （WBC）， albumin （ALB）， and etiology were independent determinants of E/A in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Age （OR = 1.088， 95%CI 1.062–1.114， P < 0.001） and serum potassium （K⁺） （OR = 1.919， 95%CI 1.218–3.025， P = 0.005） were independent risk factors for LVDF in patients with cirrhotic ascites， whereas RDW-CV （OR = 0.902， 95%CI 0.883–0.961， P = 0.023） and ALB （OR = 0.921， 95%CI 0.883–0.961， P < 0.001） were identified as protective factors. Conclusions Serum ALB is an independent influencing factor for E/A ratio and LVDF in cirrhotic patients with ascites and hyperdynamic circulation. K⁺ and RDW-CV are also independent predictors of LVDF， whereas Cl^- independently influences heart rate. Clinical monitoring and targeted intervention for these parameters should be emphasized.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of the three-dimensional acetabular oval fossa-guided positioning technique in acetabular prosthesis placement during total hip arthroplasty （THA）. Methods Sixty patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent primary THA were randomly divided into two groups （n = 30 per group）. The observation group received acetabular component placement guided by a three-dimensional positioning technique based on preoperative acetabular angle measurements and pelvic model reconstruction using CT data. During surgery， placement was performed according to the preoperative plan， using anatomical landmarks including the acetabular fossa， transverse acetabular incision， and transverse acetabular ligament. The control group underwent conventional freehand acetabular component placement. The two groups were compared in terms of surgical parameters （operation time， intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency， blood loss）， postoperative deviations in acetabular component angles （abduction and anteversion angles）， Harris hip score （HHS）， visual analog scale （VAS） for pain， and dislocation rate. Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. The observation group exhibited a slightly longer operation time and significantly greater blood loss compared to the control group， with no significant difference in fluoroscopy frequency. Postoperative radiographic measurements showed that deviations in both the abduction and anteversion angles of the acetabular component were significantly smaller in the observation group than in the control group. At one month postoperatively， the HHS was significantly higher and the VAS score was significantly lower in the observation group. However， no significant differences in functional or pain scores were found between the two groups at three and six months postoperatively. No dislocations were observed in the observation group， whereas one dislocation occurred in the control group. Conclusions The three-dimensional acetabulum oval fossa-guided positioning technique， which integrates anatomical landmarks with individualized preoperative planning， enables precise quantitative measurement and significantly enhances the accuracy of acetabular component placement angles in THA. This improvement contributes to faster postoperative functional recovery and leads to favorable clinical outcomes， demonstrating strong practical application value.

Objective To evaluate and compare the effects of endoscopic spinal surgery performed via the Kambin's triangle approach and the posterior interlaminar approach on patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation （LDH） and concurrent lateral recess stenosis. Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent lumbar pedicle screw fixation at our hospital between January 2017 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient information including sex， age， diagnosis， surgical level， presence and type of postoperative neurological complications was recorded. Based on postoperative CT scans， the zone and grade of screw penetration were assessed， and the distribution of different types of pedicle screw penetration was documented. The association between specific types of pedicle screw penetration and the occurrence of postoperative neurological symptoms was then analyzed. Results The operation time and postoperative hospital stay in the Kambin group were significantly shorter than those in the interlaminar group （P < 0.05）. On postoperative day 1 and at 1 month postoperatively， the VAS scores in the Kambin group were significantly lower than those in the interlaminar group （P < 0.05）. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of ODI scores on postoperative day 1 and at 3 months postoperatively， or in the postoperative area of lateral recess stenosis （P > 0.05）. One case of postoperative infection was reported in the interlaminar group. Conclusions For patients with LDH and lateral recess stenosis， endoscopic spinal surgery via the Kambin's triangle approach is associated with a shorter operative duration. Both the Kambin's triangle approach and the interlaminar approach can effectively improve functional outcomes and decompress the lateral recess. However， the interlaminar approach requires further optimization to minimize the risk of complications.

Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of two syphilis reverse testing protocols recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （USCDC） and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control （ECDC） within maternal and child populations， and to explore the factors contributing to false-positive results in chemiluminescent immunoassays （CLIA）. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on serological test results from 109，003 patients collected between 2021 and 2023. All participants were initially screened for specific syphilis antibodies using CLIA， and those with positive results underwent confirmatory testing with both the toluidine red unheated serum test （TRUST） and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay （TPPA）. The kappa statistic was employed to assess the diagnostic agreement between the USCDC and ECDC protocols， while also analyzing the distribution patterns of CLIA false-positive results across varying S/CO value ranges and demographic groups. Results Both protocols achieved a syphilis positivity rate of 0.34%. The hospital's high-prevalence syphilis screening program identified no cases with CLIA-positive or TRUST-positive but TPPA-negative results， suggesting high specificity in this population. The two protocols demonstrated perfect agreement with a Kappa value of 1.0， indicating no significant difference in diagnostic performance between maternal and child populations. CLIA exhibited a true positive rate of 71.04%， which was positively correlated with S/CO values： 21.88% when 1.0 < S/CO ≤ 3.0 and 100% when S/CO > 10. The highest false positive rate for CLIA （38.75%） was observed among young adults， while the largest proportion of false positives-reaching 40.00%—was associated with pregnancy and abortion status. Conclusions The two reverse detection methods for syphilis exhibit comparable diagnostic efficacy in women and children from populations with low syphilis prevalence. CLIA demonstrates high sensitivity； however， when the S/CO ratio is less than 10， particularly in adult women of childbearing age， clinicians should remain vigilant for potential false-positive results to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary medical interventions.

Objective This study aims to elucidate the functional mechanism through which seminal plasma exosomal miR-26a-5p and its target genes contribute to idiopathic teratozoospermia， with emphasis on their regulatory pathways in sperm morphogenesis defects， thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for novel diagnostic markers and targeted therapies. Methods A case-control study design was adopted， enrolling 154 male subjects （84 in the teratozoospermia group ［TZS］ and 70 in the normal control group ［NC］）. Seminal plasma exosomes were isolated to screen differentially expressed miRNAs， followed by prediction and analysis of target genes and signaling pathways. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were employed to validate the direct binding of miR-26a-5p to PTEN. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure miRNA and protein expression levels. Spearman correlation analysis evaluated relationships between miR-26a-5p， PTEN， and sperm morphological parameters， while ROC curve analysis assessed diagnostic efficacy. Results Seminal plasma exosomal miRNA sequencing identified 11 differentially expressed miRNAs， with miR-26a-5p significantly upregulated in the TZS group （P < 0.05） and negatively correlated with the percentage of normal sperm morphology in TZS （r = -0.762， P < 0.05）. PTEN was confirmed as a direct target of miR-26a-5p， with its expression significantly reduced in the TZS group （P < 0.05） and positively correlated with normal sperm morphology （r = 0.821， P < 0.05）. A negative correlation was observed between miR-26a-5p and PTEN （r = -0.878， P < 0.05）. Dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that miR-26a-5p specifically inhibited PTEN 3'UTR activity （45% reduction in luciferase activity， P < 0.05）. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the miR-26a-5p-PTEN axis exacerbates oxidative stress， DNA damage， and abnormal spermatocyte division by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR， p53， Wnt/β-catenin， and NF?κB pathways. ROC analysis showed diagnostic efficacy for teratozoospermia with AUC^ROC values of 0.785 （sensitivity 78.9%， specificity 71.3%） for miR-26a-5p and 0.754 （sensitivity 73.3%， specificity 75.1%） for PTEN. Conclusions miR-26a-5p suppresses PTEN through targeted inhibition， activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways while impairing DNA repair functions. This cascade leads to accumulated oxidative stress and sperm morphological abnormalities. The combined pattern of elevated seminal plasma exosomal miR-26a-5p expression and reduced PTEN levels demonstrates diagnostic potential for idiopathic teratozoospermia， with its molecular mechanism providing a theoretical foundation for biomarker development. Targeted silencing of miR-26a-5p， either alone or in combination with AKT/mTOR inhibitors and antioxidant therapy， may represent a novel strategy for improving sperm morphology.

Objective To investigate the correlation between brain iron content and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease （AD）， and to assess the diagnostic value of iron deposition in AD using quantitative susceptibility mapping （QSM） technology. Methods Forty-three patients with AD who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2024 and December 2024， and 42 healthy controls matched for gender and age were enrolled in the study. Comprehensive clinical data were collected from all participants. All subjects underwent brain MRI scans using a Philips Ingenia CX 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging system， including both QSM and conventional cranial MRI sequences. The acquired QSM images were post-processed and normalized using the STISuite software package， and the iron content in predefined regions of interest was quantified using ITK-SNAP. All participants also underwent neuropsychological assessments. Differences in regional brain iron content between AD patients and healthy controls were analyzed and compared. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the relationship between iron levels in the frontal cortex， basal ganglia， and hippocampus and cognitive performance. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of iron deposition in differentiating AD patients from healthy controls. Results （1） Compared with the control group， the magnetic susceptibility values in the basal ganglia and hippocampus of the AD group showed statistically significant differences （P < 0.01）， with higher values observed in the AD group. No statistically significant difference was found in the susceptibility values of the frontal cortex between the AD group and the control group （P > 0.05）. （2） In the AD group， the susceptibility values of the left caudate nucleus and left hippocampus tail were negatively correlated with the MMSE scores （P < 0.05）. Additionally， the susceptibility values of the left caudate nucleus， left putamen， left hippocampus， and left hippocampus tail were negatively correlated with the MOCA scores （P < 0.05）. （3） The area under the curve （AUC） for diagnosing AD based on the left caudate nucleus was 0.758 （95%CI： 0.649–0.867）， for the left putamen it was 0.719 （95%CI： 0.606–0.831）， and for the left hippocampus tail it was 0.640 （95%CI： 0.518–0.763）. Conclusions （1） The iron content in certain brain regions of AD patients is elevated compared to that in healthy controls， particularly in the basal ganglia and hippocampus. （2） The iron concentration in the brains of AD patients， especially in the left caudate nucleus， left putamen， left hippocampus， and hippocampal tail， is negatively correlated with cognitive function. Higher iron levels are associated with more severe cognitive impairment， suggesting that iron accumulation may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing disease severity. （3） Iron deposition in the left caudate nucleus and left putamen demonstrates certain diagnostic value for AD and holds promise as an imaging marker for the auxiliary diagnosis of the disease.

Objective To explore the current status of penile erection hardness and its influencing factors in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Methods From January to December 2024， 450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia were surveyed at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Hospital. A self-made general information questionnaire was used to collect their demographic data. The Erectile Hardness Scale （EHS） was employed to investigate the current status of their penile erection hardness， and a self-made questionnaire was utilized to explore the influencing factors. Results Among the 450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia， during sexual intercourse， 35.3% of the patients reported that their penile erection hardness could reach grade 4 （normal state）， 54.5% reported that it only reached grade 3 （sub-optimal state）， 9.3% reported that it only reached grade 2 （slight penile erection）， and 0.9% reported that it only reached grade 1 （inability to achieve an erection）. In the survey of satisfaction with sexual life quality， among the 450 patients， only 24.9% were very satisfied with their sexual life quality； 57.3% were basically satisfied； 9.6% considered it average； 4.0% were dissatisfied； 3.1% were very dissatisfied； and 1.1% had no sexual life. alcohol consumption（OR = 2.393，95%CI：1.493 ~ 3.836）， satisfaction with the quality of sexual life（OR = 1.455，95%CI：1.118 ~ 1.894）， educational attainment（OR = 0.709，95%CI：0.549 ~ 0.917）， and the sleep quality in the past month（OR = 0.641，95%CI：0.452 ~ 0.907）. Conclusions Clinical studies have shown that factors such as drinking habits， sexual life satisfaction， sleep quality， and educational attainment collectively influence the penile erection hardness in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Therefore， the medical team needs to customize personalized intervention plans and educational materials based on individual differences among patients. Through psychological counseling and lifestyle guidance， they can improve erectile function and the quality of sexual life， promote harmonious marital relationships， and enhance the overall life experience of the patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of joint of Zishen Anshen Tang and growth hormone on the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization embryo transfer （IVF-ET） in patients with decreased ovarian reserve function （DOR）. Methods A clinical trial was conducted on 108 DOR patients who underwent IVF-ET at the Reproductive Center of from January 2023 to August 2024. They were randomly assigned to a control group and a experimental group， each with 54. The control group was given growth hormone （GH）， while the experimental group was additionally given Zishen Anshen Tang. The ovulation induction status， trigger day hormone levels， egg retrieval and embryo development， and clinical outcomes were compared. Results The duration of gonadotropin （Gn） use showed no great difference between two groups （P>0.05）. The experimental group had lower Gn dosage， early LH peak rate， and luteinizing hormone （LH）， higher estradiol （E2）， progesterone （P）， egg retrieval， 2PN fertilization， available embryos， number of high-quality embryos on day 3， blastocyst formation rate， clinical pregnancy rate， and cumulative pregnancy rate， and a lower cycle cancellation rate than control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion The joint of Zishen Anshen Tang and growth hormone for IVF-ET in DOR patients can improve their sex hormone and have a positive impact on clinical outcomes.

Thyroid dysfunction （TD） is a prevalent disorder of the endocrine system. Owing to its non-specific clinical symptoms and the limitations inherent in current diagnostic approaches， there is a pressing need to further investigate its underlying pathogenesis and identify novel biomarkers. As a pivotal component of systems biology， omics technologies offer a promising avenue for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of TD by integrating high-throughput data. This thesis presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in genomics， transcriptomics， proteomics， metabolomics， lipidomics， and multi-omics research related to TD. It examines genetic variations and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms from multiple molecular levels， including DNA， RNA， proteins， and metabolites. Furthermore， it elucidates the metabolic disturbances associated with TD and the modes of action of relevant therapeutic agents， contributing to the development of potential biomarkers and drug targets for early detection and intervention. By synthesizing findings across various omics platforms， this thesis aims to delineate the complex network interactions underlying TD and to provide valuable insights and strategies for future clinical management， as well as personalized diagnosis and treatment.

Pediatric asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease， with susceptibility in early life co-shaped by the interplay of host genetics， environmental exposures， microbial colonization， and immune development. Early-life airway viral infections are a well-established risk factor， though their pathogenic effects are highly host-dependent. Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiome remotely regulates pulmonary immune homeostasis via metabolites such as butyrate （the gut-lung axis）， playing a pivotal role in the disease trajectory. Multi-omics research has expanded the scope of this regulatory network， identifying cross-kingdom microbial members， including the gut virome （phages） and protozoa. These members influence asthma susceptibility by activating specific immune pathways， such as the Tfh13-IgE axis and innate immune memory. Crucially， many children exposed to risk factors remain healthy， highlighting the roles of individual resilience and protective factors. Elucidating this network is crucial for clarifying disease heterogeneity and provides a basis for developing novel biomarkers （e.g.， the oropharyngeal microbiome， serum Extracellular Vesicles ［EVs］） and constructing multi-dimensional risk prediction models integrating artificial intelligence. This research ultimately aims to advance personalized precision prevention and management for pediatric asthma.