Mycobacterium kansasii，an opportunistic pathogen，is one of the most clinical isolated Non⁃tu⁃ berculous mycobacteria（NTM）species. M. kansasii often causes pulmonary and extra ⁃ pulmonary infections，as well as disseminated disease. The first⁃line therapy regimen recommended for M. kansasii consists of rifampin， ethambutol and isoniazid，which has successful treatment rate. In recent years，with the increasing number of infec⁃ tions caused by M. kansasii，experimental diagnostic techniques have been improved and further typing techniques have been established. At the same time，the drug ⁃ resistant mechanisms of the therapeutic drugs of M. kansasii have been reported gradually. Therefore，species identification technology，main treatment regimen，as well as the drug⁃resistant mechanisms of M. kansasii was summarized in this article.