Dysbiosis of intestinal flora in patients with sepsis results in the decrease of short⁃chain fattyacids（SCFA），metabolites of intestinal flora. Normal levels of SCFA can affect systemic immune homeostasis andenhance pathogen clearance. Therefore，regulating SCFA to restore immune homeostasis is an important treatmentfor patients with sepsis. In recent years，fecal bacteria transplantation and SCFA preparation have become newtherapies to regulate the level of SCFA in sepsis. This review focuses on the maintenance of intestinal immunity bySCFA through inhibition of histone deacetylase，G⁃protein⁃coupled receptor activation and aromatic hydrocarbonreceptor activation，and explores the research progress of SCFAin microbiome treatment of sepsis.