MicroRNAs，a class of conserved and endogenous small noncoding RNAs，play a vital role in cell proliferation，apoptosis，differentiation and other biological behaviors. MiR⁃29c is highly expressed in the ner⁃ vous system，affecting various signaling pathways and participating in the regulation of a variety of nervous system diseases by modulating different downstream target gene. In this paper，we summarize the research progress in this field，in order to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of nervous system diseases.