Multiple sclerosis（MS）is an immune disease with white matter lesions in the nervous system. It affects young people in most cases and often leads to disability. Recently，more and more cases of MS have been found with the development of imaging technology，electrophysiology and other technologies，which is gaining more attentions from clinicians. In etiology，this disease closely attributes to heredity，environment and autoimmunity， among which the last one has become the focus of current research from the perspective of immune mechanism. The aim of this study is to review the role of cytokines，B cells，T cells and estrogen in the immune mechanism of multi⁃ ple sclerosis.