With high morbidity and high mortality，bloodstream infection is a serious disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms invading the blood. Rapid and definite diagnosis of bloodstream infection，especially identification of pathogenic microorganisms and drug susceptibility analysis，are the premise for timely implementa⁃ tion of targeted antibiotic treatment ，which is particularly important for improving the prognosis of patients. Although blood culture technology is developing continuously，there is always huge challenge in the rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infection. At the moment，it is impossible to provide a report within 3 hours. Therefore，new rapid diagnostic techniques are urgently needed for clinical application. This article reviews the current research progress in laboratory diagnostic technology of bloodstream infection.