Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of HSP70 in umbilical artery blood and fetal birth status and short ⁃ term prognosis in patients with different types of severe preeclampsia. Methods The research subjects were 60 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia who underwent cesarean section，including 30 early⁃onset and 30 late⁃onset patients，and 30 cases of simple premature women were selected as the control group. The birth status，short⁃term prognosis were recorded. ELISA was used to detect HSP70 levels in serum and umbilical artery blood，and the correlation was analyzed. Results The incidence of low birth weight infants was early⁃onset group（63.33%）> late⁃onset group（48.33%）> control group（29.67%）（P < 0.05），the Apgar scores of the early⁃onset group at 1 min and 5 min after birth were lower than those of the late⁃onset group and the control group（P < 0.05）. The levels of HSP70 in maternal circulation and umbilical cord blood were early⁃ onset group > late ⁃onset group > control group（P < 0.05）. The proportion of newborns transferred to NICU，the length of stay in NICU and the total length of stay in hospital were early⁃onset group > late⁃onset group > control group（P < 0.05）. Conclusion In patients with severe preeclampsia，the expression of HSP70 in umbilical artery blood is closely related to the severity of disease and fetal birth status，suggesting that it may be a good indicator of fetal development status.