Objective To explore the different applications of anesthesia for hematologic diseases⁃induced thrombocytopenia in cesarean section. Methods A total of 297 cases with hematologic diseases⁃induced thrombo⁃ cytopenia who underwent cesarean section in the past 12 years were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into general anesthesia（GA）and local anesthesia（LA）groups. General data of patients，blood routine indexes and coagulation function indexes before surgery and obstetric data were acquired. The pregnancy history and pres⁃ ent outcome of puerperas and children were collected by phone call. Results The account of planet before surgery of group GA were significantly lower than that of group LA（P < 0.05）. The Apgar scores at 5 min after delivery and the rate of postoperative analgesia were higher in group LA（P < 0.05）. There were no significant differences in the present outcome of puerperal physical conditions and fetal growth（P > 0.05）. Conclusions For puerperas with serious hematologic conditions（thrombocytopenia，a series of abnormal blood indexes，ASA physical status Ⅳ or Ⅴ and so on），general anesthesia was recommended. Intravertebral anesthesia could be the best choice if there were no contraindications in patients. There was no significant difference in the prognosis of mothers and children between general anesthesia and local anesthesia.