Extracellular vesicle（EVs）is a kind of vesicle⁃like substance with lipid bilayer structure released by cells into the extracellular environment. Myeloma（MM）is a malignant hematological tumor characterized by abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow. As a medium of signal communication between cells，EVs interacts between MM cells and bone marrow microenvironment，which promotes the occurrence and development of the disease. This paper introduces the biological characteristics of EVs and its important effects on immunosuppression，distant metastasis，bone destruction and drug tolerance in patients with MM，and focuses on the latest progress of EVs as a new liquid biopsy marker in the diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of MM，which provides a theoretical basis for further study of EVs in MM.