Congenital heart disease（CHD）is the most common congenital malformation and surgery is the main treatment. Due to the complexity of CHD，the individual curative effect and prognosis vary widely. Preoperative risk prediction can guide the timely targeted measures to avoid the occurrence of perioperative adverse events，which greatly improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. Surgical risk assessment has always been emphasized in cardiac surgery. In recent years，the role of fundus blood vessels in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases has become increasingly prominent. This article aims to discuss the fundus changes of patients with CHD and the research progress of its surgical risk prediction model，and to provide related information in the prognosis evaluation of congenital heart surgery.