Reviews

Research progress on the pathogenesis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenemia from both traditional Chinese and Western medicine perspectives

  • Ruyi WANG ,
  • Xingyue JIANG ,
  • Yue WANG ,
  • Keying PAN ,
  • Qianwen ZHANG ,
  • Shuai ZHAO
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  • First Clinical Medical College,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China

Received date: 2026-04-09

  Online published: 2026-08-05

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age, with hyperandrogenism (HA) being one of its core pathological features. This review systematically summarizes the pathogenesis of PCOS with hyperandrogenism (PCOS-HA), including classical pathways such as dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian/adrenal axis, obesity-driven insulin resistance (IR), and genetic and epigenetic regulation. Importantly, we incorporate emerging factors such as gut microbiota dysbiosis and the imbalance of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) "kidney-tiankui-chongren-uterus axis", while also integrating molecular mechanisms at the membrane and granulosa cell levels, as well as novel cell death pathways like ferroptosis and pyroptosis.In terms of treatment, the review outlines multiple strategies, including direct androgen suppression, improvement of insulin resistance, neuroendocrine and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis modulation, and regulation of gut microbiota. These approaches cover conventional pharmacotherapy, TCM herbal formulas, acupuncture, lifestyle interventions, and emerging therapeutic targets.The key highlights of this article include incorporating gut microbiota dysbiosis and novel cell death mechanisms (ferroptosis and pyroptosis) into the pathogenic framework of PCOS-HA alongside established theories, thereby constructing a multidimensional model spanning from molecular and cellular levels to whole-body systems, and bridging modern and traditional medicine; clearly delineating emerging therapeutic strategies—particularly those targeting gut microbiota and novel cell death pathways—in the treatment section, thus providing forward-looking theoretical guidance for the precise diagnosis and management of PCOS-HA.

Cite this article

Ruyi WANG , Xingyue JIANG , Yue WANG , Keying PAN , Qianwen ZHANG , Shuai ZHAO . Research progress on the pathogenesis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with hyperandrogenemia from both traditional Chinese and Western medicine perspectives[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2026 , 42(14) : 2665 -2674 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.14.020

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