Objective To preliminary screen comorbidities related to short⁃term prognosis of patients with AECOPD and respiratory failure in four comorbidity scoring systems. Methods A retrospective observational study of the clinical data of 210 AECOPD patients with respiratory failure in our hospital was conducted. The comor⁃ bidities included in the Charlson comorbidity index，Elixhauser comorbidity index，COTE index and COMCOLD index were recorded. According to the survival status of patients during the hospitalization，they were divided into survival group and death group. Logistic regression was used to screen out comorbidities related to the prognosis of patients. Results Univariate analysis showed that age，myocardial infarction，congestive heart failure，dementia， rheumatic disease，diabetes mellitus with end⁃organ damage，moderate/severe kidney disease，pulmonary fibrosis， deficiency anemia and atrial fibrillation/flutter were statistically significant（P < 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regres⁃ sion analysis showed that congestive heart failure（OR = 3.821，95%CI：1.518 ~ 9.619）and dementia（OR = 4.569， 95%CI：1.237 ~ 16.877），diabetes mellitus with end⁃organ damage（OR = 6.842，95%CI：1.588 ~ 29.484），and moderate/severe kidney disease（OR = 3.274，95% CI：1.141 ~ 9.392）were independent risk factors related to prognosis. Conclusion Among the comorbidities associated with short⁃term prognosis in patients with respiratory failure due to AECOPD，congestive heart failure，dementia，diabetes mellitus with end⁃organ damage and moder-ate/severe kidney disease may be independent risk factors.