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Research on the current status of penile erection hardness and its influencing factors in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia
Received date: 2025-04-26
Online published: 2025-11-05
Objective To explore the current status of penile erection hardness and its influencing factors in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Methods From January to December 2024， 450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia were surveyed at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Hospital. A self-made general information questionnaire was used to collect their demographic data. The Erectile Hardness Scale （EHS） was employed to investigate the current status of their penile erection hardness， and a self-made questionnaire was utilized to explore the influencing factors. Results Among the 450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia， during sexual intercourse， 35.3% of the patients reported that their penile erection hardness could reach grade 4 （normal state）， 54.5% reported that it only reached grade 3 （sub-optimal state）， 9.3% reported that it only reached grade 2 （slight penile erection）， and 0.9% reported that it only reached grade 1 （inability to achieve an erection）. In the survey of satisfaction with sexual life quality， among the 450 patients， only 24.9% were very satisfied with their sexual life quality； 57.3% were basically satisfied； 9.6% considered it average； 4.0% were dissatisfied； 3.1% were very dissatisfied； and 1.1% had no sexual life. alcohol consumption（OR = 2.393，95%CI：1.493 ~ 3.836）， satisfaction with the quality of sexual life（OR = 1.455，95%CI：1.118 ~ 1.894）， educational attainment（OR = 0.709，95%CI：0.549 ~ 0.917）， and the sleep quality in the past month（OR = 0.641，95%CI：0.452 ~ 0.907）. Conclusions Clinical studies have shown that factors such as drinking habits， sexual life satisfaction， sleep quality， and educational attainment collectively influence the penile erection hardness in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Therefore， the medical team needs to customize personalized intervention plans and educational materials based on individual differences among patients. Through psychological counseling and lifestyle guidance， they can improve erectile function and the quality of sexual life， promote harmonious marital relationships， and enhance the overall life experience of the patients.
Minhua LAI , Yanshan LIN , Fangliang ZOU , Yang ZHANG , Jing LONG , Huaan XIA , Lihong LIN , Yunzhi DENG , Ruiyun CHEN , Jianhua YANG , Yao XU , Tianwen. PENG . Research on the current status of penile erection hardness and its influencing factors in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025 , 41(20) : 3276 -3282 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.20.018
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