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Effect of immunohistochemical detection of omentin-1， SPP1 and MMR protein expression status on clinicopathological features and prognosis analysis of endometrial cancer
Received date: 2025-04-29
Online published: 2025-08-28
Objective To investigate the impact of immunohistochemical detection of omentin-1 （omentin-1）， secreted phosphoprotein 1 （SPP1）， and mismatch repair （MMR） protein expression status on the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of endometrial cancer （EC）， in order to provide references for disease assessment， prognosis evaluation， and the development of molecular targeted therapies. Methods A total of 159 patients diagnosed with EC who were admitted to our hospital between December 2019 and December 2021 were enrolled as the study group. Additionally， 152 samples of normal endometrial tissue were collected from patients undergoing hysterectomy due to benign uterine diseases and served as the control group. The expression levels of omentin-1， SPP1， and MMR proteins in endometrial tissues were compared among the study group， the control group， and EC patients with different clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic outcomes. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations among these biomarkers in EC tissues. The influencing factors of EC prognosis were analyzed through multivariate logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed to assess the association between the expression of these proteins and patient prognosis. Results The positive expression rate of SPP1 and the MMR deletion rate in endometrial tissues of the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P < 0.05）， while the positive expression rate of omentin-1 in endometrial tissues was significantly lower than that in the control group （P < 0.05）. In patients with EC exhibiting myometrial invasion ≥1/2， the proportion of omentin-1 negativity was lower compared to omentin-1 positivity （P < 0.05）. Among EC patients with poorly differentiated tumors， the rates of SPP1 positivity and MMR deficiency were significantly increased （P < 0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that omentin-1 expression was negatively correlated with both MMR protein deletion and SPP1 overexpression （P < 0.05）， whereas MMR deficiency was positively correlated with SPP1 overexpression （P < 0.05）. In the poor prognosis group， the positive expression rate of SPP1 and the deletion rate of MMR were elevated， while omentin-1 expression was reduced in endometrial tissues （P < 0.05）. The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that omentin-1 negative， SPP1 positive， and MMR deletion were risk factors for the prognosis of EC patients （P<0.05）. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed based on follow-up data （Figures 1–3）， indicating that patients with omentin-1 negativity， SPP1 positivity， and MMR deficiency had significantly worse prognoses （P< 0.05）. Conclusions With the development and progression of the clinicopathological features of EC， abnormalities were observed in the immunohistochemical expression of omentin-1， SPP1， and MMR proteins. Specifically， omentin-1 negativity， SPP1 positivity， and MMR protein deletion were associated with a poorer prognosis in EC patients.
Xifeng XU , Xia WANG , Jianliang WU , Jinlong. CHENG . Effect of immunohistochemical detection of omentin-1， SPP1 and MMR protein expression status on clinicopathological features and prognosis analysis of endometrial cancer[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025 , 41(16) : 2521 -2527 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.16.012
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